APUSH Chapter 16

Reaction to abolition in north

-abolotionists like extreme garisonians were unpopular, since many had been raised to believe the values of the slavery compromises in the constitution, also his seccessionist talks contrasted against wester's cried for union

Free Blacks

-free blacks in south by 1860, 250,000 -in upper south, these blacks were descended from those freed by the idealism of the revolutionary war -in deep south mulattos freed when masters died -northern blacks hated by the irish, with whom they competed for jobs -free blacks were unpopular, several states denied their entrance, most denied them the right to vote and most barred them from public schools

Slave life

-no civil or political rights -laws that tried to protect slaves were difficult to enforce -africans avoided marriage of first cousins -africans mixed christian religion with their own native reliigion, sang songs to emphasize bondage, sand christian hymns as signals and codes for news of possible freedom

burdens of slavery

-slaves had no dignity, were illiterate, no chance of achieving the american dream -worked as slowly as they could without getting lashed -stole food and sabotaged expensive equipment -poisoned masters food

South justifies slavery

-taught slaves religion -made them sivilized -treated them well -gave them hapy lives -free blacks were now persecuted as opposed to souther black slaves

radical abolition

-william lloyd garrison published the liberator -wendell philips boycotted cane sugar and cotton -david walker, black abolotionist wrote appeal to the colored citizens of the world -sojourner truth- freed black woman who fought for black emancipation and women's rights

American Anti-Slavery Society

Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery; by 1838, the organization had more than 250,000 members across 1,350 chapters (1833-1870)

1834

Abolitionist students expelled from Lane Theological Seminary

1817

American Colonization Society formed

The Liberator

Antislavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison, who called for the immediate emancipation of all slave (1831-1865)

1807

Britain abolishes slave trade

West Africa Squadron

British Royal Navy force formed to enforce the abolition of the slave trade in 1807; intercepted hundreds of slave ships and freed thousands of Africans (est. 1808)

1833

British abolish slavery in West Indies American Anti-Slavery Society founded

1808

Congress outlaws slave trade Royal Navy forms West Africa Squadron

1845

Douglass publishes Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass escaped from bondage at the age of twenty-one and discovered by the abolitionists in 1841 when he gave a stunning impromptu speech at an antislavery meeting in Massachusetts; after, he lectured widely for the cause, despite frequent beatings and threats against his life

1848

Free Soil Party organized

1800

Gabriel slave rebellion in Virginia

1836

House of Representatives passes "Gag Resolution"

1820

Missouri Compromise

1837

Mob kills abolitionist Lovejoy in Alton, Illinois

1831

Nat Turner slave rebellion in Virginia Garrison begins publishing The Liberator

Amistad

Spanish slave ship dramatically seized off the coast of Cuba by the enslaved Africans aboard; ship was driven ashore in Long Island and the slaves were put on trial; former President John Quincy Adams argued their case before the Supreme Court, securing their eventual release (1839)

1835

U.S. Post Office orders destruction of abolitionist mail "Broadcloth Mob" attacks Garrison

1822

Vesey slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina Republic of Liberia established in Africa

1831-1832

Virginia legislature debates slavery and emancipation

Nat Turner's rebellion

Virginia slave revolt that resulted in the deaths of sixty whites and raised fears among white Southerners of further uprisings (1831)

1829

Walker publishes Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

1839

Weld publishes American Slavery as It Is Slave revolt aboard Amistad

Liberia

West-African nation founded in 1822 as a haven for freed blacks, fifteen thousand of whom made their way back across the Atlantic by the 1860s

1793

Whitney's cotton gin transforms southern economy

David Walker

a black abolitionist whose incendiary "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World" advocated a bloody end to white supremacy

William T. Johnson

a free African-American who owned slaves in Nanchez; was the master of fifteen bondsmen and his diary records that he flogged two slaves and a mule

Sojourner Truth

a freed black woman in New York who fought tirelessly for black emancipation and women's rights

William Wilberforce

a member of Parliament and an evangelical Christian reformer whose family had been touched by the preaching of George Whitefield; unchained the slaves in the West Indies

Nat Turner

a visionary black preacher who led an uprising that slaughtered about sixty Virginians mostly women and children

plantation slavery

although slave importation was banned in 1808, smuggling of them continued due to their high demand and despite death sentences to smugglers -slaves were an investment, therefore spared the most dangerous jobs, usually assigned to irishmen -slavery created a majority of black people, more than half of the population of south carolina, florida, mississippi, alabama and louisianna were black

Theodore Dwight Weld

an American abolitionist who had been evangelized by Charles Grandison Finney in New York's Burned-Over District; appealed with special power and directness to his rural audiences of untutored farmers

William Lloyd Garrison

an abolitionist who was a spiritual child of the Second Great Awakening and published the Liberator

South fights back to abolition

began to organize a campaign talking about slavery's positive good

responsorial

call and response style of preaching that melded Christian and African traditions; practiced by African slaves in the South

mistress of plantations

commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves

slaves of slave system

cotton spoiled the earth, profitst were quick and high, but the land was ruined cotton producers always in need of new land.

Economic Structure

economic structure of south became monopolistic b/c as land ran out, smaller farmers sold their land to large estate owners. temptation to over-speculate in land and in slaves caused many planters to plunge deep into debt. slaves were valuable but also a gamble since they might run away or be killed by disease

Frederick Douglas

escaped black, fought for the black cause, -his autobiography depicted remarkable life -looked to politics to solve slavery problem -he and others backed the libery party, free soil party, and republican party

american colonization society

founded for the purpose of transporting blacks back to africa, in 1822 liberia was founded for blacks to live -most blacks had no wish to be transplanted into a strange civilization after having been partially americanized

Planter aristocracy

in 1850, only 1733 families owned more than 100 slaves each, the wealthy aristocracy. souther aristocrats widened the gap between the rich and the poor, sent children to private schools

Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

incendiary abolitionist track advocating the violent overthrow of slavery; published by David Walker, a Southern-born free black (1829)

1800 slave rebellion

insurrection by slave named gabriel in richmond

1822 charleston rebellion

led by denmark vesey

1831 revolt

nat turner, unsuccessfull

Cotton is king

north transported cotton to england, south produced more than half the world's supply of cotton, britain relied on south this is why south believed britain would support south during civil war

Martin Delany

one of the few black leaders to take seriously the notion of the mass recolonization of Africa

King Cotton led to

one-crop economy whose price level was at the mercy of world conditions

Mason-Dixon line

originally drawn by surveyors to resolve the boundaries between Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Virginia in the 1760s, it came to symbolize the North-South divide over slavery

gag resolution

passed by southern house members requires all antislavery appeals to be tabled without debate, arousing the ire northerners like JQA

Gag Resolution

prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals; driven through the House by pro-slavery Southerners, it passed every year for eight years, eventually overturned with the help of John Quincy Adams

subsistence farmers

raised corn and hogs, not cotton, often lived isolated lives punctuated by religious and social meetings

American Colonization Society

reflecting the focus of early abolitionists on transporting freed blacks back to Africa, the organization established Liberia, a West-African settlement intended as a haven for emancipated slaves

black belt

region of the Deep South with the highest concentration of slaves; emerged in the nineteenth century as cotton production became more profitable and slavery expanded south and west

abolition took because

second great awakening

breakers

slave drivers who employed the lash to brutally "break" the souls of strong-willed slaves

Slavery before eli whitney's cotton gin

slavery was a business since the south was burdened with depressed prices, unmarketable goods, and over-cropped lands after the gin was invented, growing cotton became wildly profitable and easier and more slaves were needed

reaction to abolition, pt. 2

south owed north 300 million by late 1850s, northern factories depended on souther cotton to make goods. many abolitionsts speeches provoked violence and mob outburts such at the trashing of lewis tappan's new york house

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

vivid autobiography of the escaped slave and renowned abolitionist (1845)

many abolitionists supported

war as the price for emancipation

slave rebellions led to

whites felt fearful and threatened, which led to tightened rules