APUSH Chapter 19

What form of government did the leaders of the National Municipal League advise cities in the United States to institute in the early twentieth century?

A city manager system

What was the purpose of the phenomenon that took shape in the United States in the late nineteenth century and came to be known as progressivism?

To combat the problems caused by industrialization and urbanization in the United States

What was the key to the successful building of skyscrapers in American cities in the late nineteenth century?

An interior skeleton made of manufactured steel beams

What entrepreneur donated money that was used to found more than a thousand libraries across the United States?

Andrew Carnegie

What did New York State do in response to the public outrage expressed here over the Triangle fire tragedy?

Appointed a factory commission that developed labor reform

How did the early-twentieth-century campaign against prostitution affect prostitutes in many Americans cities at the time?

By closing brothels, new laws worsened many prostitutes' lives.

How did the development of outlying suburbs in the middle and late nineteenth century change the social structure of cities?

By separating well-off suburbanites from working-class urbanites

Which institution of progressivism offered a laboratory to experiment with solving social problems?

The settlement movement

Which city suffered a terrible fire in 1871?

Chicago

The social geography of the suburbs in the late nineteenth century was in large part determined by which of the following factors?

Class structures

What city was struck by a violent hurricane in 1900, leading to a major reform of its city government structure?

Galveston, Texas

What innovation did Detroit mayor Hazen Pingree offer to address the problems of the depression of the 1890s?

Giving city land for urban gardens

How did Henry Huntington expand the suburban ideal in southern California in the early twentieth century?

He used his family's fortune to buy up real estate and subdivide it into lots.

Working separately in the 1880s and 1890s, researcher Helen Campbell and photographer Jacob Riis both sought to call attention to what problem?

Miserable conditions in urban tenement housing

The dominance of private development in U.S. cities and the preference for business solutions to city needs are expressed in what concept?

The "private city"

At the turn of the twentieth century, 90 percent of African Americans still lived in what region?

The South

What were the political machines that played such a vital role in late-nineteenth-century American cities?

Local party bureaucracies that controlled elected and appointed offices

Why did New York State undertake serious workplace safety reforms after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911?

In response to public outrage

What impact did city politics have on immigrant communities in the United States in the late nineteenth century?

Integrated them into urban society

Which ethnic group was the largest in Boston in the late nineteenth century?

Irish

How did the city of Chicago address its sewage problem around the turn of the century?

It reversed the course of the Chicago River

Where in the United States did the blues music popular in the 1910s originate?

Mississippi

In the late nineteenth century, many cities cut death rates from typhoid, yellow fever, and cholera by instituting what?

New sewage and drainage systems

Joseph Pulitzer worked in which industry in the late nineteenth century?

Newspaper

In the early 1900s, a baby born to a Slavic woman in an American city had what chance of dying in infancy?

One in 3

Which of the following bore primary responsibility for developing the infrastructure of late-nineteenth-century American cities?

Private enterprise

What did the New York Tammany ward boss George Washington Plunkitt mean by "honest graft"?

Profiting from insider status

Congress passed the Mann Act in 1910 to achieve what purpose?

Prohibit the transportation of prostitutes across state lines

Why did journalist Upton Sinclair write his 1904 novel The Jungle?

To expose labor exploitation in Chicago's meatpacking plants

During the depression of the 1890s, what percentage of working-class Americans was unemployed?

Up to 25 percent

To what does the term "private city" refer in historians' discussions of urban life in the United States in the late nineteenth century?

Urban areas shaped by individuals and profit-seeking businesses

What political boss made Tammany Hall a byword for corruption in the late nineteenth century?

William Marcy Tweed