APUSH Chapter 2- w/extra questions

The group that did not begin to immigrate to the Americas in large numbers during the late 1600s and early 1700s was the who? Who did immigrate?

Italian Catholics French Huguenots, English Quakers, and German Protestants all DID immigrate.

Pueblo revolt

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt

Middle colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

Southern Atlantic coast- what colonies were there?

North Carolina, Maryland, Georgia, Virginia, South Carolina

A unique part of William Penn's vision for Pennsylvania included what?

Peaceful relations with American Indians

What are the short-term implications of the witchcraft hysteria?

People are being accused of being witches, with no evidence, and they are being tried with no evidence. If you said you were a witch, you would be set free. Yet, people did not want to lie about being witches since that was a sin; people would rather take death than lie.

How do you reconcile that as Americans were embracing Anglicization, they were also developing their own cultural norms?

Pioneers were only content with British forms of art, and going to British schools- yet we began to create our own forms of government and even hold the "purse" on our governor's salarys.

Metacom's War (King Philip's War)

Series of assaults by Metacom, King Phillip, on English settlements in New England. Attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades

New England

a region of northeastern United States comprising Maine and New Hampshire and Vermont and Massachusetts and Rhode Island and Connecticut

European Enlightenment

a sprawling intellectual, philosophical, cultural, and social movement that spread through England, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe during the 1700s.

Spanish Accommodation

after Pueblo's revolt?

From 1600 to 1750, the Dutch, French, and English in colonial North America did what with the Indians?

became involved in numerous colonial-Indian conflicts that had spread from Europe

epidemic disease

disease acquired by many people in a given area in a short time

What did English colonization of North America do to the Eastern seaboard?

established trading centers in cities on the eastern seaboard

A long-term effect of English colonization of North America was?

establishing trading centers in cities on the eastern seaboard

Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English colonization differed from the Spanish, Dutch, and French because England did what?

eventually established colonies based primarily on agriculture

self-governing

having the right to create and enforce laws without outside interference

. The system of temporary servitude in the New World included what?

included a labor force that never volunteered to come to the colonies

intermarriage

marriage between people of different races, castes, or religions.

town meetings

meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues

Chattel Slavery

A chattel slave is an enslaved person who is owned for ever and whose children and children's children are automatically enslaved. Chattel slaves are individuals treated as complete property, to be bought and sold.

In the British North American colonies between 1607 and 1750, political communities based on English models, economic ties, and legal structures led to what?

Anglicization in the British colonies.

Cereal crops

rice, wheat, corn, oats, sorghum, rye and millet (cash crops)

Trade alliances

several countries merge their economies into one huge market to be able to trade together

Elite Planters

slave holders who owned 50 or more slaves

Cutural pluralism

smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture provided they are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society.

trans-Atlantic print culture

spread of ideas, and goods via trade and newspapers

Anglicization

the colonial american desire to emulate English society, including English taste in foods, customs, and architecture

Social Mobility

the movement between different positions within a system of social stratification (social classes) in any given society

Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French and Dutch colonial relationships with American Indians were based primarily on what?

trade alliances centering on the fur trade.

During the 1600s, the rapid growth of Virginia's population led to what?

violation of Indian treaties and frequent border conflicts

The southern agrarian economy was dominated by who?

wealthy landowners

Tobacco

Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown, grew in Southern colonies such as Virginia and North Carolina

Mercantilism

Economic theory that closely linked a nation's political and military power to its bullion reserves. Mercantilists generally favored protectionism and colonial acquisition as means to increase exports.

Which 18th-century European nation's settlers most categorically rejected North American Indian culture and worldviews?

England

Puritans

English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds. Some of the most devout Puritans believed that only "visible saints" should be admitted to church membership.

From the American Indians' point of view, what were the implications of Pilgrim/Puritan settlement?

For religious freedom?

Which of the following beliefs was central to eighteenth-century Deism?

God created a universe governed by natural law.

The French formed a close alliance with which American Indians and became the enemy of which American Indians?

Huron and Iroquois

In what ways and to what extent are English settlements in the Chesapeake thriving?

- Great place for agriculture and land yet, lots of single men- no families- people would die pretty young

Spanish Colonization

-Encomienda system with plantations -Looking for gold

What were the causes of the witchcraft hysteria in New England?

-Fear from the Indians - unsettled social and religious conditions about -Half-way covenant everything comes together and builds up a hysteria

In what ways is the system of forced labor developing?

-Indians would die too quickly So, Englishmen would be take over from England, and in return they would spend 4-7years as indentured servants.

What vision did William Penn hold for Pennsylvania—economically, socially, politically?

-Liberty of Consciencse- be nice to the Indians -Freedom from persecution -No taxation without representation -Due process of law -Christians from all denominations can vote.

What are the similarities and differences in the varying English settlements?

-People were searching for religious toleration and wealth This differences were how they found those- Some people found wealth through... -agriculture (tobacco) -ship building -fur trapping For religious toleration, for example, Maryland was a catholic haven, while the outcasts of Virginia were sent to North Carolina.

What were the causes of English settlement in North America?

-Social Unrest Political Unrest Surplus Population Vagabonds turn to thievery, crime, idleness Concentrated Wealth

The English believed that colonies would do what 3 things?

-provide a place to send excess population -be a place where human settlement could start anew -relieve England of dependence on a foreign supply of natural resources

Atlantic Economy

A commercial exchange in the Atlantic that was dominated by the British due to remarkable growth in it's colonies. It is commonly referred to as the "triangle trade," designating a three-way transport between Europe, Africa, and the colonies. Moreover, it was inextricably linked to trade with the Indian and Pacific Oceans. rum, slaves, sugar, tobacco, gold, spices, fish, lumber and manufactured goods were traded

Protestant evangelicalism

A strain of protestantism that stresses the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ, personal conversion experiences, Scripture as the sole basis for faith, and active evangelism (the winning of personal commitments to Christ).

Imperial Economy

A system marked by the redistribution of surplus from peasants to large landholders, but with the imperial bureaucracy taking a substantial cut

The Caribbean settlements were connected to the North American colonies for what 3 reasons?

A) As an important part of the Atlantic trading world C) As a source of sugar and rum D) As a source of African slaves

In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700' s?

All the colonies

The British established a substantial settlement in the Caribbean territory of...

Barbados

British West Indies

Barbados?

How did the economic structures vary in different regions of British North America?

Based on where you were getting your wealth from- Massachuttes: fishing and ship building Southern Colonies: cash crops and agriculture.

North Carolina

Became independent on November 21, 1789 Crop colonies- also took in the outcasts from Virginia.

demographic shifts

Big change in population, either in births or deaths

What were the demographic shifts in the eighteenth century along the Atlantic coast?

Different people coming in- Germans, Scot-Irish, etc.

In what ways does Dutch settlement in New Netherland contrast with English settlement in Massachusetts?

In New Netherlands, the different groups had a hard time living together side by side. In Massachusetts however, different groups got along pretty well-very diverse.

colonial legislatures

In every colony, the legislature consisted of two houses. In every colony, the members of the lower house were elected by eligible voters. In the royal and proprietary colonies, the members of the upper house were appointed by the king or the proprietor. Only in Rhode Island and Connecticut, the members of both houses were elected by eligible voters.

Conversion

Intense religious experience that confirmed an individual's place among the "elect," or the "visible saints." Calvinists who experienced conversion were then expected to lead sanctified lives to demonstrate their salvation.

The most significant war between whites and Indians in the 1600s, that illustrated the deep cultural tensions between the two groups was what?

King Philip's War

Plantation Systems

Large-scale agricultural enterpise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor. European settlers established plantations in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, and the American South.

Atlantic Slave Trade

Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade.

Religious autonomy

Makes own decisions in their religious life

Indentured Servants

Migrants who, in exchange for transatlantic passage, bound themselves to a colonial employer for a term of service, typically between four and seven years. Their migration addressed the chronic labor shortage in the colonies and facilitated settlement.

In what ways does the Quaker settlement in Pennsylvania contrast with the English settlement in Massachusetts?

Quaker- no taxes to the church of England -pacifists -spoke in church -no oaths -inner light - would call each other "thee" and "thou" (don't have to worry about hierarchy as much) England had Puritans who believed: - only certain people can talk in church -heirarchy -oaths

First Great Awakening

Religious revival in the colonies in 1730s and 1740s; George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards preached a message of atonement for sins by admitting them to God. The movement attempted to combat the growing secularism and rationalism of mid-eighteenth century America. Religious splits in the colonies became deeper.

Which ethnic group's settlements by the mid-18th century stretched from the Appalachian mountains in Pennsylvania to Georgia?

Scotch-Irish

Which of the following regions most heavily relied on slave labor?

Southern Colonies

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, led by the Indian leader Pope, was provoked by which of the following policies or events?

Suppression of native religious customs by Catholic missionaries

What was the Puritan world view?

That only the "elect" would make it to heaven (predestination) Even though your good works would not save you, you still needed to do good works- they also knew that people could not live up to all the perfection of the rules also believed in "visible saints"

Which region of the British North American colonies, nicknamed the "bread colonies," was the most ethnically, religiously, and demographically diverse?

The middle colonies

Fur trade

The trading of animal pelts (especially beaver skins) by Indians for European goods in North America.

Which of the following was true of most Puritans who emigrated to seventeenth-century New England?

They considered themselves non-Separatists

Which of the following statements about Africans brought as slaves to the British North American colonies is true?

They maintained cultural practices brought from Africa.

From the American Indians' point of view, what were the implications of English settlement?

To gain land

What economic structure is being built through the navigation laws and the practice of salutary neglect?

Trade with other countries/smuggling.

Chesapeake

Virginia-Maryland bay area, site of the earliest colonial settlements