apush era 7 mcq
"The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic.... The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right." - Majority opinion of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States, 1919 The restrictions imposed by the Schenck decision most directly contradicted which of the following earlier developments in the United States? a Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791 b Arguments for self-government asserted in the Declaration of Independence c Assertion of federal power over states' rights in the 1819 McCulloch v.Maryland decision d Expansion of voting rights during President Andrew Jackson's
a Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791 (i think)
*graph showing the unemployment rates of nonfarmworkers* The goals of the reform measures attempted in the 1930's were most similar to the goals of which the following reform efforts? a The Populists in the 1890s b The Women's Rights Movement in the 1840's c The Temperance Movement in the early 1900's d The abolitionists in the 1830's
a The Populists in the 1890s (i think)
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"... yet politics remains corrupt... The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit, not patriotism; of credit, not honor; of individual gain, not national prosperity; of trade and dickering, not principle... "Business is business" is not a political sentiment, but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe... But there is hope...in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants, they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government." Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities, 1904 The passage above is most clearly an example of which of the following trends? a The rise of journalists cooperating with reformers to call for change b The expansion of the democratic process c The consolidation of corporate power into trusts d The growth of nativist and discriminatory political practices
a The rise of journalists cooperating with reformers to call for change
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"... yet politics remains corrupt... The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit, not patriotism; of credit, not honor; of individual gain, not national prosperity; of trade and dickering, not principle... "Business is business" is not a political sentiment, but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe... But there is hope...in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants, they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government." Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities, 1904 Which of the following methods did reformers like Lincoln Steffens use to accomplish their goals? a Organizing labor unions to oppose business interests b Creating new organizations to address the problems they saw c Calling for restricted immigration to reduce corruption d Campaigning against further government intervention in the people's lives
b Creating new organizations to address the problems they saw
Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully make or convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States, or to promote the success of its enemies, or shall willfully make or convey false reports, or false statements, ...or incite insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the United States...hall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both. The Sedition Act of 1918 What prompted the passage of this law? a A rise in labor disputes due to the growth of the IWW b Large numbers of citizens whose loyalty the government questioned c Draft riots in prominent cities such as New York that were led by Irish immigrants d Unrestricted submarine warfare
c Draft riots in prominent cities such as New York that were led by Irish immigrants (i think)
*picture of "Mexicans entering the United States, United States immigration station, El Paso, Texas, 1938"* Which common experience did Mexican Americans share with other "non-white" groups during the Great Depression? a A sharp increase in employment as domestic servants, due to lack of industrial jobs b Mass deportations by the federal government c Loss of jobs to white Americans d Migration from large urban areas to the countryside for jobs
c Loss of jobs to white Americans
Which of the following early 20th-century cultural conflicts most directly contradicted the scene portrayed in the image above? a Fundamentalism versus modernism b Idealism versus disillusionment c Native-born versus new immigrants d Urban versus rural
c Native-born versus new immigrants
"I believe that progressivism was a radical movement thought not by the common measures of economic and political radicalism...Progressives were radical in their conviction that other social classes must be transformed and in their boldness in going about the business of that transformation...The sweep of progressivism was remarkable but because the progressive agenda was so often carried out in settlement houses, churches, and school rooms, in rather unassuming day-to-day activities the essential audacity of the enterprise can be missed. Progressivism demanded a social transformation that remains at once profoundly impressive and profoundly disturbing a century later." - Michael McGerr, A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in American, 1870 - 1920. 2003. Which of the following activities from the middle of the 19th century most closely resembles the Progressive Era reform that McGerr describes? a Calls for the annexation of Texas b Efforts by natives to restrict immigration c Participation by women in moral reform efforts d Removal of American Indians from the Southeast to the West
c Participation by women in moral reform efforts
One Way Ticket (Langston Hughes) I am fed up With Jim Crow laws, People who are cruel And afraid, Who lynch and run, Who are scared of me And me of them. I pick up my life And take it away On a one-way ticket Gone Up North Gone Out West Gone! The author, Langston Hughes, is most closely identified with which literary movement in American History? a Realism b Modernism c The Harlem Renaissance d Transcendentalism
c The Harlem Renaissance
Which of the following is an example of FDR touting America as being an "Arsenal of Democracy" a The Tennessee Valley authority b The Civilian Conservation Corps c The Lend-Lease Program d The Works Progress Administration
c The Lend-Lease Program
In response to the conditions depicted in the photograph above, many American families a advocated for overseas expansion. b disrupted society with racial strife. c migrated within the United States. d resented President Roosevelt's unwillingness to use government power to provide them with relief.
c migrated within the United States.
The scene depicted in the photograph above was made possible by a greater market and credit stability. b a decline in the domination of the United States economy by large corporations. c new technologies and manufacturing techniques. d new economic opportunities for women.
c new technologies and manufacturing techniques.
"The system of quotas . . . was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship. . . . Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration. . . . The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924 . . . completed Asiatic exclusion. . . . Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law." - Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 The Immigration Act of 1924 produced highly discriminatory results because it a relied on a series of literacy tests and physical examinations to manage immigration b created a guest worker program that encouraged temporary immigration but denied citizenship c placed restrictions on immigration by national origin, ethnicity, and race d encouraged immigration of people with highly sought after skills or family in the United States
c placed restrictions on immigration by national origin, ethnicity, and race
The advertisement for Social Security most directly reflects which of the following developments during the New Deal? a the unpopularity of Francis Townsend's program b the need to provide individuals with money for consumer goods c the idea that government could provide citizens with some aid to deal with life's vicissitudes d the continuing decline in most Americans' standard of living despite the plethora of New Deal agencies
c the idea that government could provide citizens with some aid to deal with life's vicissitudes
*picture of "the sacrilegious candidate" political cartoon* Which of the following policies most closely resembles the Democratic party's platform for the election of 1896 as a result of the idea depicted in the cartoon? a The continuance of Reconstruction b The implementation of greenbacks c Maintaining the gold standard d Inflation through the unlimited coinage of silver
d Inflation through the unlimited coinage of silver
How did Progressive reformers attempt to better the lives of workers such as those in the photograph above? a Progressives focused their reform efforts exclusively at the local level in order to assist workers more directly. b Progressives pushed for a transition from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one. c Progressives called for less government intervention in the economy. d Progressives urged the creation of new organizations aimed at addressing social problems associated with an industrial society.
d Progressives urged the creation of new organizations aimed at addressing social problems associated with an industrial society.
One Way Ticket (Langston Hughes) I am fed up With Jim Crow laws, People who are cruel And afraid, Who lynch and run, Who are scared of me And me of them. I pick up my life And take it away On a one-way ticket Gone Up North Gone Out West Gone! The poem above refers to which event in U.S. history? a Reconstruction b World War I c The Civil War d The Great Migration
d The Great Migration
Which of the following trends of the 1920s is most clearly portrayed in this advertisement? a The emergence of General Motors as the largest company b The growth of middle-class incomes c The expansion of auto dealers throughout the country d The use of extended payment plans to purchase consumer goods
d The use of extended payment plans to purchase consumer goods
"I object in the strongest possible way to having the United States agree, directly or indirectly, to be controlled by a [organization] which may at any time, and perfectly lawfully and in accordance with the terms of the covenant, be drawn in to deal with internal conflicts in other countries, no matter what those conflicts may be... There can be no genuine dispute whatever about the meaning of the first clause of article 10...In article 10 the United States is bound on the appeal of any member of the [organization] not only to respect but to preserve its independence and its boundaries, and that pledge if we give it, must be fulfilled." Henry Cabot Lodge Excerpt from speech delivered to Senate, August 12, 1919 The excerpt best symbolizes Lodge's efforts to a derail the Republican Party's foreign policy b object to support for the United Nations c rally against the New Deal programs d bolster opposition to the League of Nation
d bolster opposition to the League of Nation
The Social Security Act was one of the most significant accomplishments of which of the following? a the First New Deal b the Socialist Party c the First Hundred Days d the Second New Deal
d the Second New Deal
*graph showing immigration rates going up each decade* The pattern depicted in the graph in the first half of the nineteenth century most directly resulted in a the formation of a political party that promoted nativism b a more unified national culture that embraced immigrants c federal provision of financial assistance to immigrants d the establishment of settlement houses
d the establishment of settlement houses (i think)
The poster most directly reflects the a expanded access to consumer goods during wartime b emergence of the United States as a leading world power c wartime repression of civil liberties d wartime mobilization of United States society
d wartime mobilization of United States society
"The system of quotas . . . was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship. . . . Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration. . . . The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924 . . . completed Asiatic exclusion. . . . Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law." - Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 Which of the following evidence would best support Ngai's argument in the excerpt? a Census data showing the changing percentages of the foreign-born population from 1920 to 1930 b Narratives describing the challenges of immigrant family life in the 1920s c Diplomatic correspondence reflecting the increasing isolationism of United States foreign policy in the 1920s and 1930s d Census data revealing the Great Migration of African Americans to cities in the North and West in the 1920s
a Census data showing the changing percentages of the foreign-born population from 1920 to 1930
*lucky star cigarette ad* In response to the increased consumption due to advertising and mass production such as those illustrated above, episodes of credit and market instability such as the Great Depression increased. Which of the following was the response by the federal government? a Decreased oversight of the stock market by the Federal Reserve Board (the Fed). b Continued policy of laissez-faire. c Creation of Glass-Steagall Act and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. d Increased tariffs such as the Ford-McCumber Tariff.
a Decreased oversight of the stock market by the Federal Reserve Board (the Fed) (i think, if not it's c)
"On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. "If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement." Arthur Zimmermann, German Foreign Minister, January 19, 1917 Which of the following was the most significant effect of the American Expeditionary Forces' impact on WWI? a Entry helped tip the balance in favor of the Allies despite the limited role in trench warfare. b Entry into the war only served to increase anti-British sentiment in the war. c Entry helped to ensure a continued stalemate in Europe. d Entry into the war increased governments protections of freedom of speech.
a Entry helped tip the balance in favor of the Allies despite the limited role in trench warfare.
"The remedy for . . . inefficiency lies in systematic management. . . . The fundamental principles of scientific management are applicable to all kinds of human activities, from our simplest individual acts to the work of our great corporations. . . . At the works of Bethlehem Steel, for example, . . . thousands of stop-watch observations were made to study just how quickly a laborer . . . can push his shovel into the pile of materials and then draw it out properly loaded. . . .With data of this sort before him, . . . the man who is directing shovelers can first teach them the exact methods which should be employed to use their strength to the very best advantage." Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 Which of the following groups of people would have been most likely to oppose Taylor? 's management ideas? a Factory workers b White-collar professionals c Tenant farmers d Owners of large businesses
a Factory workers
Which of the following groups faced the most difficult economic conditions during the 1920s? a Farmers and many rural areas b Businesses that did not accept credit cards c Non-unionized workers in older factories d Assembly line workers in factories
a Farmers and many rural areas
*picture of "Mexicans entering the United States, United States immigration station, El Paso, Texas, 1938"* What might have been a typical experience of the individuals in the above photo in the years soon after their immigration? a Increased employment opportunities due to wartime labor shortages b Opportunity only for agricultural work c High levels of unemployment for their social group, despite job opportunities arising from WWII d Availability of work for them being restricted solely to menial jobs
a Increased employment opportunities due to wartime labor shortages
"Is a tractor bad? Is the power that turns the long furrows wrong? If this tractor were ours, it would be good? —not mine, but ours. . . .We could love that tractor then as we have loved this land when it was ours. But this tractor does two things—it turns the land and turns us off the land. There is little difference between this tractor and a tank. The people are driven, intimidated, hurt by both." John Steinbeck, novelist, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939 Which of the following movements expressed ideas most similar to the ideas expressed in the excerpt? a Populism in the 1890s and early 1900s b The counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s c Nativism in the 1840s and 1850s d Abolitionism in the 1830s and 1840s
a Populism in the 1890s and early 1900s
"Soldiers, sailors, and airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force! You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world. Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle hardened. He will fight savagely. But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage and devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory! Good luck! And let us beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking. SIGNED: Dwight D. Eisenhower General Eisenhower stated that "Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men." Which of the following events did not contribute to the war effort on the homefront? a Zoot Suit Riots b Gasoline rationing c Purchase of War Bonds d Selective Training and Service Act
a Zoot Suit Riots
*picture of poster telling public that "[their] duty- buy US government bonds. 2nd liberty loan of 1917"* In 1917, President Wilson brought the United States into World War I based on his stated intention to a defend humanitarian and democratic principles. b expand America's military and economic presence in Europe. c spread American culture and norms to others. d pursue a unilateral foreign policy.
a defend humanitarian and democratic principles.
"All through the night I heard people getting up, dragging cots around. I stared at our little window, unable to sleep. I was glad Mother had put up a makeshift curtain on the window for I noticed a powerful beam of light sweeping across it every few seconds. The lights came from high towers placed around the camp....I remembered the wire fence encircling us, and a knot of anger tightened in my breast. What was I doing behind a fence like a criminal? Of one thing I was sure. The wire fence was real. I no longer had the right to walk out of it. It was because I had Japanese ancestors. It was also because some people had little faith in the ideas and ideals of democracy...." Monica Itoi Stone, Nisei Daughter, 1953 Monica Itoi Sone, Nisei Daughter (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1953), 176-178. The experience described in the excerpt above was an example of a internment. b opportunities for women. c isolationism. d segregation.
a internment.
"Since the days when the fleet of Columbus sailed into the waters of the New World, America has been another name for opportunity, and the people of the United States have taken their tone from the incessant expansion which has not only been open but has even been forced upon them. ...Movement has been its dominant fact, and, unless this training has no effect upon a people, the American energy will continually demand a wider field for its exercise. But never again will such gifts of free land offer themselves. ...each frontier did indeed furnish a new field of opportunity, a gate of escape from the bondage of the past; and freshness, and confidence, and scorn of older society, impatience of its restraints and its ideas, and indifference to its lessons, have accompanied the frontier. What the Mediterranean Sea was to the Greeks, breaking the bond of custom, offering new experiences, calling out new institutions and activities, that, and more, the ever retreating frontier has been to the United States directly, and to the nations of Europe more remotely. And now, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the Constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history." --Frederick Jackson Turner, historian, essay titled "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," first presented in 1893 and later collected in a book of essays by Turner titled The Frontier in American History, ©1920 Conclusions about the American frontier, as conveyed by Turner, most directly prompted what general concern in America towards the turn of the 20th century? a Fears of an economic depression b Fears of the dwindling of America's natural resources c Fears of political radicalism in the U.S. d Fears over the stability of the currency based on gold
b Fears of the dwindling of America's natural resources
"On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. "If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement." Arthur Zimmermann, German Foreign Minister, January 19, 1917 Which of the following does this excerpt support as the primary cause of the U.S. declaration of war in April 1917? a Pro-British intelligence and propaganda b Germany's violation of U.S. neutral rights c Mexico's plan to invade the United States d Germany's violation of the Monroe Doctrine
b Germany's violation of U.S. neutral rights
The majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States between 1821 and 1880 settled in the a South and Midwest b Midwest and Northeast c South and Northeast d West and Midwest
b Midwest and Northeast
*picture of a man planting a tree for the WPA during the depression* The roots of FDR's New Deal policies can be traced to which political group in American history? a Jeffersonians b Progressives c Bull-Moose Party d Radical Republicans
b Progressives
*picture of General Motors poster, says "Cars on Credit"* Many historians criticize the economy that developed during the 1920s. Which of the following statements best supports that point of view? a The growth of the auto industry badly hurt the railroads b The boom was based on speculation and borrowed money c Advertising was based on gaining status and popularity d Consumerism weakened the moral character of the nation
b The boom was based on speculation and borrowed money
*picture of lucky strike cigarette advertisement* Which of the following historical developments was most likely responsible for increasing the effectiveness of the advertisement above? a The cultural conflict of urban versus rural b The continued development of the mass media c Greater personal mobility d Progressive attempts to regulate the abuses of the economy
b The continued development of the mass media
"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality. "Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality." - President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech, 1937 Which of the following best represents continuity in the years after 1945 with the ideas that Roosevelt expressed in the excerpt? a The conviction and execution of suspected Soviet spies in the United States b United States membership in an international peacekeeping body c The rise of peace organizations opposed to the buildup and use of nuclear weapons d United States military commitment to countries battling communist insurgencies
b United States membership in an international peacekeeping body (maybe)
*picture w/ pie graph with ethnicities of immigrants in 1860-1900 and 1900-1920* Which of the following best describes the direct effect of the immigration patterns of the late 1800s and early 1900s as shown in the graphs on the development of urban centers in America during this period? a Rural southerners shunned the industrial cities of the North. b Urban centers saw the growth of ethnic communities and neighborhoods. c Urban parks and public spaces were deliberately created to ease the congestion of the cities. d The more affluent moved increasingly to the suburbs.
b Urban centers saw the growth of ethnic communities and neighborhoods.
"To those of my race I would say: 'Cast down your bucket where you are' -- cast it down in making friends with the Southern white man, who is your next-door neighbor. Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service. ... No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top." -- Booker T. Washington, Speech in Atlanta, Georgia on September 18, 1895 "They do not expect that the free right to vote, to enjoy civic rights, and to be educated, will come in a moment; they do not expect to see the bias and prejudices of years disappear...but they are absolutely certain that the way for a people to gain their reasonable rights...[and]...respect is not by continually belittling and ridiculing themselves; that, on the contrary, Negroes must insist continually, in season and out of season, that voting is necessary to modern manhood, that color discrimination is barbarism, and that black boys need education as well as white boys...." -- W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk, 1903 Which of the following view(s) most closely parallels the controversy addressed in the the excerpts above? a The surfacing of the fear of Communism after the Bolshevik Revolution b The desire of Union members to gain greater rights in the workplace c The clashing ideals of Black separatism and non-violent protests d Anti-Immigration sentiments in the early twentieth century
c The clashing ideals of Black separatism and non-violent protests (i think)
"Since the days when the fleet of Columbus sailed into the waters of the New World, America has been another name for opportunity, and the people of the United States have taken their tone from the incessant expansion which has not only been open but has even been forced upon them. ...Movement has been its dominant fact, and, unless this training has no effect upon a people, the American energy will continually demand a wider field for its exercise. But never again will such gifts of free land offer themselves. ...each frontier did indeed furnish a new field of opportunity, a gate of escape from the bondage of the past; and freshness, and confidence, and scorn of older society, impatience of its restraints and its ideas, and indifference to its lessons, have accompanied the frontier. What the Mediterranean Sea was to the Greeks, breaking the bond of custom, offering new experiences, calling out new institutions and activities, that, and more, the ever retreating frontier has been to the United States directly, and to the nations of Europe more remotely. And now, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the Constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history." --Frederick Jackson Turner, historian, essay titled "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," first presented in 1893 and later collected in a book of essays by Turner titled The Frontier in American History, ©1920 Which American democratic ideal is Turner arguing was facilitated by the American frontier? a The ideal of religious freedom b The ideal of the establishment of utopian communities c The ideal of social mobility d The ideal of orderly and planned settlement of communities
c The ideal of social mobility
"The remedy for . . . inefficiency lies in systematic management. . . . The fundamental principles of scientific management are applicable to all kinds of human activities, from our simplest individual acts to the work of our great corporations. . . . At the works of Bethlehem Steel, for example, . . . thousands of stop-watch observations were made to study just how quickly a laborer . . . can push his shovel into the pile of materials and then draw it out properly loaded. . . .With data of this sort before him, . . . the man who is directing shovelers can first teach them the exact methods which should be employed to use their strength to the very best advantage." Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 Taylor's ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly in response to which of the following developments in the United States? a Excessive government regulation of business b The need for rebuilding infrastructure after the Civil War c The rise of industrial capitalism d An increase in the standard of living
c The rise of industrial capitalism
*graph showing immigration rates going up each decade* The trend depicted in the graph most directly contributed to which of the following developments after 1920 ? a A decline in internal migration b Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe c Total exclusion of immigration from China d Federal efforts to return Mexican immigrants to their homeland
c Total exclusion of immigration from China
The poster was intended to a promote the ideals of republican motherhood b advocate for the elimination of sex discrimination in employment c convince women that they had an essential role in the war effort d persuade women to enlist in the military
c convince women that they had an essential role in the war effor
While industries such as the one in the photograph above led to increasing conflicts between management and labor from 1890 to 1930, they also contributed to a an economy much less prone to economic distress. b a decrease in tensions between native-born and new immigrants. c improved standards of living. d better relations between the races.
c improved standards of living.
"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque. . . . Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded." - John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 Muir's ideas are most directly a reaction to the a increase in urban populations, including immigrant workers attracted by a growing industrial economy b westward migration of groups seeking religious refuge c increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes d opening of a new frontier in recently annexed territory
c increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes
One Way Ticket (Langston Hughes) I am fed up With Jim Crow laws, People who are cruel And afraid, Who lynch and run, Who are scared of me And me of them. I pick up my life And take it away On a one-way ticket Gone Up North Gone Out West Gone! In the poem, the term "Jim Crow" laws refer to Southern a laws that placed poll taxes on voting for African Americans. b laws passed during Reconstruction to protect African Americans. c laws that mandated segregation of the races in public places. d laws that prevented African American males from holding public office.
c laws that mandated segregation of the races in public places.
"With a profound sense of the solemn and even tragical character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the Congress declare the recent course of the Imperial German Government to be in fact nothing less than war against the...United States; that it formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it....Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its peoples, and the menace to that peace and freedom lies in the existence of autocratic governments...not by the will of their people. We shall, happily, still have an opportunity to prove that friendship...towards the millions of men and women of German birth and native sympathy, who live amongst us...and we shall be proud to prove it towards all who are in fact loyal to their neighbors and to the Government....They are, most of them, as true and loyal Americans as if they had never known any other...allegiance. If there should be disloyalty, it will be dealt with a firm hand of stern repression...." Woodrow Wilson, Address to Congress's War, April 2, 1917 Which foreign policy approach is most consistent with the sentiments expressed by Wilson in the excerpt above? a The United States taking a leading military role in the war b The maintaining of isolationism by the United States c The pursuit of a unilateral foreign policy d The defense of humanitarian and democratic principles
either c or d, idrk. i think d?