APUSH Fall Semester Final Exam

Compared to New England, early English settlement in Virginia and Maryland was characterized by A. Lower life expectancy, a larger population of indentured servants, and a great gender imbalance B. Lower life expectancy, many immigrants from Spanish colonies, and a diversified economy C. Higher life expectancy, government organized at the village level, and an established church D. Higher life expectancy, greater population diversity, and rapid urbanization

A. Lower life expectancy, a larger population of indentured servants, and a great gender imbalance

When the people of Britain and France read Uncle tom's Cabin, their governments A. realized that interventions in the Civil War on behalf of the South would not be popular B. Concluded that they must end slavery in their own territory C. Banned the book D. Distributed the book as anti-american propaganda

A. realized that interventions in the Civil War on behalf of the South would not be popular

In the Revolutionary war, African Americas A. Unanimously supported the American patriot cause B. were generally neutral between the British and American forces C. Fought in both the American patriot and British loyalist military forces D. Took the opportunity to stage substantial slave revolts

C. Fought in both the American patriot and British loyalist military forces

Name of two wars, fought in 1614 and 1644, between the English in Jamestown and the nearby Indian leader

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

Match each individual to the correct description A. Samuel Adams B. John Adams C. Crispus Attucks 1. a casualty of the Boston Massacre 2. a foreign volunteer who drilled American troops during the War of Independence 3. a pamphleteer who first organized committees to exchange ideas and information on resisting British policy 4. a Massachusetts politician who opposed the moderates' solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Congress A. A-4, B-3, C-2 B. A-3, B-4, C-1 C. A-2, B-4, C-2 D. A-2, B-1, C-3 E. A-4, B-1, C-2

B. A-3, B-4, C-1

The opinion expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been held by A. An advocate of Republican motherhood B. An Anti-Federalist C. A Loyalist D. An abolitionist

B. An Anti-Federalist

The British Proclamation of 1763 A. Was welcomed by most Americans colonists B. Angered colonists who though that it deprived them of the fruits of victory C. Was aimed at further suppressing the French population of China D. HaltedAmerican westward settlement for several years

B. Angered colonists who though that it deprived them of the fruits of victory

In the first half of the 1600s, American Indians in Virginia and Maryland most typically responded to the English colonization described in the excerpt by A. organizing communities to adopt English customs B. Defending their territory against the English C. Voluntarily moving farther west, away from the English D. Allying with the French to counter English encroachment

B. Defending their territory against the English

"Virtual" representation meant that A. Almost all British subjects were represented in Parliament B. Every member of Parliament represented all British subjects C. Colonists could elect their own representatives to Parliament D. Parliament could pass virtually all types of legislation except taxes E. Each member of Parliament represented only people in his district

B. Every member of Parliament represented all British subjects

In the 1840 and 1850s, the views expressed by Calhoun most directly contributed to A. The United States acquisition of new territory in the West B. Increased sectional divisions between the North and the South C. The development of sharecropping and tenet farming in the South D. The rise of voluntary organizations to promote religious reform

B. Increased sectional divisions between the North and the South

When colonists shouted, "No taxation without representation," they were denying Parliament's power to A. Legislate for the colonies in any matter whatsoever B. Levy revenue-raising taxes on the colonies C. Enforce the old Navigation Laws D. Regulate trade in the empire

B. Levy revenue-raising taxes on the colonies

Which of the following most directly undermines Calhoun's assertions? A. Many slaves adopted elements of Christianity B. Many slaves engaged in forms of resistance to slavery C. Abolitionist societies encountered difficulty organizing in Southern states D. A majority of White Southerns were not slaveholders

B. Many slaves engaged in forms of resistance to slavery

This case set the precedent that a state could not tax a federal institution, such as a bank. A. Fletcher vs. Peck B. McCulloch vs. Maryland C. Dartmouth vs. Woodward D. Cohens vs. Virginia

B. McCulloch vs. Maryland

The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress during the Mexican War, declared that A. Mexican territory would not be annexed to the United States B. Slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the United States C. The United States should annex all of Mexico D. The United States should have to pay Mexico a financial indemnity for having provoked the war E. Slavery in the territories would be determined by popular sovereignty

B. Slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the United States

Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the views expressed in the excerpt? A. The limitations placed on the federal government by the Articles of Confederation B. The fear of excessive centralized authority C. The efforts made to increase economic growth in the new nation D. The desire to settlement new territory controlled by American Indians

B. The fear of excessive centralized authority

One political development that illustrated the new popular voice in politics was A. The rise of the caucus system of presidential nominations B. The growth of the spoils system as a basis for large political "machines" C. the development of extensive speechmaking tours by presidential candidates D. The hostility to the influence of the Masons in national politics

B. The growth of the spoils system as a basis for large political "machines"

The immediate effect of the Monroe Doctrine at the time it was issued was A. A rise in tension between the United States and the major European powers B. Very small C. A close alliance between the United States and the Latin America republics D. A series of clashes between the United States and the major European powers

B. Very small

In ruling on the Dred Scott case, the United States Supreme Court A. hoped to stimulate further debate on the slavery issue B. held that slaveowners could not takes laves into free territories C. Supported the concept of popular sovereignty D. Reunited the Democratic party E. Expected to lat yo rest the issue of slavery in the territories

B. held that slaveowners could not takes laves into free territories

The Federalists-dominated Congress's Alien Act was aimed at ________, whereas the Sedition Act was primarily aimed at __________. A. rebellious slaves, newspapers B. recent immigrants, newspapers C. recent immigrants, merchants D. merchant smuggling, rebellious slaves E. Indians, farmers

B. recent immigrants, newspapers

Which of the following groups would have be most likely to support Calhoun's views expressed in the excerpt? A. Members of the nativist political parties B. Members of the Whig Party C. Southern Landowners D. Northern Industrialists

C. Southern Landowners

The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to A. The XYZ Affair B. Thomas Jefferson's presidential candidacy in 1800 C. The Alien and Sedition Acts D. The compact theory of government E. The Federalist papers

C. The Alien and Sedition Acts

The Era of Good Feelings was sharply disrupted by A. The bitter political battles over the Tariff of 1816 B. The rise of international tensions with Britain C. The Panic of 1819 and the battle over slavery in Missouri D. The nasty presidential campaign of 1820

C. The Panic of 1819 and the battle over slavery in Missouri

The British theory of mercantilism, by which the colonies were governed, held that A. the economy should be shared by market forced, without government interference B. The colonies should develop by becoming as economically self-sufficienct as possible C. The colonial economy should be carefully controlled to serve the mother country's needs D. Colonists should promote economic growth by free trad with other countries

C. The colonial economy should be carefully controlled to serve the mother country's needs

The most "revolutionary" development in the critical election of 1800 was A. The nasty campaign smears against Jefferson B. Jefferson's radical proposals for overturning the existed political system C. The peaceful transition of power from one political party to its opponent D. The electoral stalemate between Jefferson and his running mate, Burr

C. The peaceful transition of power from one political party to its opponent

The principles expressed by Paine and Jefferson best account for which of the following features of the United States during and immediately after the American Revolution? A. The development of factions and nascent political parties B. The rapid expansion of frontier settlements C. The relatively limited powers of the Articles of the Confederation D. The growth of conflict between wealthy elites and poor farmers and laborers

C. The relatively limited powers of the Articles of the Confederation

Which of the following was a long-term result of the situation in Jamestown described in the excerpt? A. The rapid growth of family-centered towns and villages B. The prioritizing of trade and shipbuilding over agricultural productions C. The rise of the plantation system and the use of African slaves D. The removal of Spanish and French military threats to regional control

C. The rise of the plantation system and the use of African slaves

Jefferson's greater concern in purchasing Louisiana was A. Whether it was in America's interest to acquire the territory B. Whether the cost was excessive for his small-government philosophy C. Whether the purchase was permissible under the Constitution D. How to defend and govern the territory once it was part of the United States

C. Whether the purchase was permissible under the Constitution

Whitney's invention that enhanced cotton production and gave new life to black slavery

Cotton gin

Jefferson's Embargo Act provided that A. America would not trade with Britain until it ended impressment B. American goods could be carried only in American ships C. America would sell not military supplies to either warring nation, Britain or France D. America would prohibit all foreign trade

D. America would prohibit all foreign trade

The Jacksonian charge of a "corrupt bargain" to gain John Quincy Adams the presidency arose because A. William Crawford threw his electoral votes to Adams in exchange for a seat in the Senate B. Adams was charged with having bribed members of the House to vote for him C. Adams ended his previous opposition to Clay's American System D. Clay was named secretary of states after throwing his support to Adams

D. Clay was named secretary of states after throwing his support to Adams

Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the thirteen states A. Improved to the point of total unity B. Was good economically but poor politically C. Led to a single currency D. Convinced many that a stronger central government was needed E. Was good politically but poor economically

D. Convinced many that a stronger central government was needed

The Articles of Confederation left Congress unable to A. Organize development of the western lands B. Deal with foreign affairs C. Apportion state representation equally D. Enforce a tax-collection program E. Establish a postal service

D. Enforce a tax-collection program

American colonists responded to the various coercive colonial laws enacted by Parliament in the late 1760s and enforced by British colonial authorities in all the following ways except they A. Convened the Stamp Act Congress to address their political and economic grievances to the king and Parliament including calling for the repeal of the Stamp Act B. Visibly protested paying any duties required by these coercive colonial laws, including the famous Boston Tea Party, in any effort to force their repeal and regain a measure of economic independence from Britain C. Protested and publicly assailed the use of admiralty courts to try colonial violators of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act D. Engaged in a violent campaign of attacks against British soldiers and customs agents in major Atlantic seaboard cities

D. Engaged in a violent campaign of attacks against British soldiers and customs agents in major Atlantic seaboard cities

Shay's Rebellion was provoked by A. fear that the Articles of Confederation had created too strong a national government for the United States B. Efforts by wealthy merchants to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new constitution C. A quarrel over the boundary between Massachusetts and Vermont D. Foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers E. The government's failure to pay bonuses to Revolutionary War veterans

D. Foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers

It could be argued that the chief justice that oversaw the most significant case in early American History was _______. A. John Jay B. Warren Berger C. Alexander Hamilton D. John Marshall

D. John Marshall

The terms of the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812 provided A. That there would be a buffer Indian states between the United States and Canada B. That Britain would stop impressment of American sailors C. That the United States would acquire western Florida in exchange for guaranteeing British control of Canada D. That the two side would stop fighting and return to the status quo before the war

D. That the two side would stop fighting and return to the status quo before the war

The ideas about government expressed by Paine and Jefferson are most consistent with which of the following? A. The concept of hereditary rights and privileges B. The belief in Manifest Destiny C. The principle of religious freedom D. The ideas of the Enlightenment

D. The ideas of the Enlightenment

Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt A. Would do great harm to the nation's economy B. Might lead to military weakness C. Could persuade individuals and nations not to lend money to the United States D. Was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success E. Could help his economic plans but not his political plans

D. Was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work hard to make the nation a success

The "large-state plan" put forward in the Constitutional Convention A. Ultimately provided the framework of the Constitution B. Was proposed by Patrick Henry C. Favored states such as New Jersey D. Favored southern states over northern states E. Based representation in the House and Senate on population

E. Based representation in the House and Senate on population

As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates A. Lincoln was elected to the Senate B. Lincoln's national stature was diminished C. Douglas increased his chances of winning the presidency D. Illinois rejected the concept of popular sovereignty E. Douglas defeated Lincoln for the Senate

E. Douglas defeated Lincoln for the Senate

According to the principle of "popular sovereignty," the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by A. The most popular national leaders B. A national referendum C. Congressional legislation D. A Supreme Court decision E. The people in any given territory

E. The people in any given territory

Match each political leader with his positions on public policy in the 1790s A. Hamilton B. Jefferson 1. Privileges for the upper classes 2. Pro-British 3. Sympathy for the common people 4. Potent central government 5. Pay off the national debt 6. Government support for business 7. Pro-French 8. Universal education A. A-1, 2, 4, 6--B-3, 5, 7, 8 B. A- 1, 5, 6, 7--B- 2, 3, 4, 8 C. A-2, 3, 5, 8--B-1, 4, 6, 7 D. A-3, 6, 7, 8--B-1, 2, 4, 5 E. A-5, 2, 6 ,3--B-1, 4, 7, 8

A. A-1, 2, 4, 6--B-3, 5, 7, 8

The situation in Kansas in the mid-1859s indicated the impracticality of _____ in the territories A. Abolitionism B. Free soil C. Popular sovereignty D. Slavery E. Cotton growing

A. Abolitonsim

The excerpts were written in response to the A. British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies B. British government's failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians C. Colonial governments' failures to implement mercantilist policies D. Colonial governments' attempts to extend political rights to new groups

A. British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies

In promoting his policy of Indian removal, President Andrew Jackson A. Defied rulings of the US Supreme Court that favored the Cherokees B. Admitted that he action would destroy Native American culture and society C. Acted against the advice of his cabinet and his military commanders in the Southeast D. Hoped to split the Cherokees apart from their allies such as the Creeks and Seminoles

A. Defied rulings of the US Supreme Court that favored the Cherokees

In his raid on Harpers Ferry, John Brown intended to A. Foment a slave rebellion B. Discredit abolitionists C. Force the North and South to compromise on the slavery issues D. Make Kansas a frees tate E. Overthrow the federal government

A. Foment a slave rebellion

The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government A. Levied an excise tax on whiskey B. Tried to prohibit the sale of whiskey C. Allowed the import of foreign whiskey D. Halted the export of American whiskey E. Tried to prohibit the manufacturing of whiskey

A. Levied an excise tax on whiskey

In the battle over the "Tariff of Abominations" A. New England backed high tariffs while the South demanded lower duties B. Both New England and the South opposed the higher tariff rates C. The South fought for higher tariffs while the West sought lower rates D. The South backed higher tariffs while New England sought to lower the rates

A. New England backed high tariffs while the South demanded lower duties

The most alarming aspect of the Compromise of 1850 to northerners was the decision concerning A. Slavery in the District of Columbia B. Slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories C. the new Fugitive Slave Law D. Settlement of the Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute E. Continuation of the interstate slave trade

A. Slavery in the District of Columbia

Besides admitting Missouri as a slate state and Maine as a free state, the Missouri Compromise provided that A. Slavery would not be permitted anywhere in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of the southern boundary of Missouri, except in the Missouri itself B. The number of proslavery and antislavery members of the House of Representative would be kept permanently equal C. The international slave trade would be permanently ended D. Slavery would be gradually ended in the District of Columbia

A. Slavery would not be permitted anywhere in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of the southern boundary of Missouri, except in the Missouri itself

The views expressed in the excerpt contributed most tiredly to A. The addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted B. A series of rebellions and revolutions in France, Haiti, and Latin America C. The elimination of the international slave trade D. The creation of a strong central government

A. The addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted

The Founding Fathers failed to eliminate slavery because A. They did not truly believe in democracy B. A fight over slavery might destroy national unity C. They were more concerned with securing equality for women D. The North, as its industry expanded, began to rely more heavily on slave labor E. Economic conditions would not allow such a loss

A. They did not truly believe in democracy

Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 A. Was based on calculations of American self-interest B. Fulfilled America's obligations under the Franco-American Treaty C. Was opposed by both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson D. Dealt a severe blow to French military and naval strategists E. Had little impact on future American foreign policy

A. Was based on calculations of American self-interest

Mass flight by religious dissidents from the persecutions of Archbishop Laud and Charles I

Great Puritan Migration

Penniless people obligated to engage in unpaid labor for fixed number of two years, usually in exchange for passage to the New World or other benefits

Indentured Servants

The transformation of manufacturing that began in Britain about 1750

Industrial Revolution

Riverbank site where Virginia Company settlers planted the first permanent English colony

Jamestown

Promoter of Massachusetts Bay as a holy "city upon a hill"

John Winthrop

Forerunner of the modern corporation that enabled investors to pool financial capital for colonial ventures.

Joint-Stock Company

Successful military action by the colonies united in the New England Confederation

King Philip's War

Americans who protested and sometimes rioted against Roman Catholic immigrants

Know-Nothings

Illustration of "Manifest Destiny" (John Gast, 1872) What was "manifest destiny" and how did this seemingly positive concept lead to the Civil War?

Manifest Destiny was the idea of westward expansion. People had believed that God was telling them to settle far west. This led to the Civil War because it led to the North and South arguing whether these states be slave or free state.

Indians leader who ruled tribes in the James River areas of Virginia

Powhatan

English Calvinists who sought a thorough cleansing from within the Church of England

Puritans

Memorable 1848 meeting in New York where women made an appeal based on the Declaration of Independence

Seneca Falls Convention

Join, Or Die. Pennsylvania Gazette, May 9, 1754 This image appeared multiple times in our study of early American History. Why does it appear so often? What does it represent?

This image appears so often because it is the first known published cartoon in U.S. history. The Join, or Die cartoon represents the thirteen colonies in the form of a snake. The snake is divided to show the disunited colonies. The colonies will need to unite in order to function as a whole country.

The Primary staple crops of early Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina

Tobacco

Colony that established the House of Burgesses

Virginia Colonist

Match each act below with the correct description A. Sugar Act B. Stamp Act C. Declaratory Act 1. first British law intended to raise revenues in the colonies 2. asserted Parliament's absolute power over the colonies 3. required colonist to lodge British troops in their homes 4. generated the most protest in the colonies A. A-3, B-2, C-1 B. A-1, B-4, C-3 C. A-1, B-4, C-2 D. A-4, B-1, C-2

C. A-1, B-4, C-2

McCulloch vs. Maryland established this practice and "clause" to be used throughout American History A. Judicial Review B. Strict Interpretation C. Necessary and Proper D. Reserved Rights

C. Necessary and Proper

The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the A. "large-state plan" B. "small-state plan" C. "three-fifths" Compromise D. Closing of the slave trade until 1807 E. Northwest Ordinance

C. "three-fifths" Compromise