APUSH HISTOY

Development of a mercantilist system to export cash crops. The English colonies sent cash crops and raw materials to the mother country"We must be knit together in this work as one man, we must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities for the supply of others' necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor, and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body." The views expressed in the excerpt are best seen as evidence of which of the following in New England society?

A tradition of democratic self-government in the American colonies. The passage's reference to "making others' conditions our own" demonstrates the core tenets of democratic self-government.

Development of a mercantilist system to export cash crops. The English colonies sent cash crops and raw materials to the mother country"We must be knit together in this work as one man, we must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities for the supply of others' necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor, and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body." A historian would most likely use this passage as evidence for which of the following claims?

English colonizers were motivated to create societies which secured personal freedoms. John Winthrop wanted to create a just government that set and example for the rest of the world

The Governor and Council of the Massachusetts had much conference many days; and at last . . . . concluded a peace and friendship with the Pequots, upon these conditions. That they should deliver up to the English those persons amongst them that were guilty of Capt. Stone's death, and the rest that were with him. That if the English desired to plant in Connecticut they should give up their right to them. That the English should henceforward trade with them as their friends, which was a chief thing aimed at; the said Pequots being at that time at war with the Dutch, and the rest of their neighbors . . . The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following trends during the colonial era?

European colonists and indigenous nations sought alliances with each other for trade and military advantage. In the excerpt, Hubbard describes the conditions of an alliance between British colonists and the Pequots, an indigenous nation. The final condition of the alliance is that the British would trade with the Pequots "as their friends."

IMAGE IS THE "Bible translated into the language of the indigenous Massachusett people, published by John Eliot, 1663 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

European efforts to accommodate indigenous culture. The image is an example of how British colonists incorporated aspects of their culture with indigenous culture. The image is a Christian Bible translated into the language of the Massachusett people, an indigenous nation.

"Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian war. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to christianize those heathen. . . . [T]he people, on the other side, for lucre and gain, entice and provoke the Indians to the breach thereof, especially to drunkenness. . . . But the government of Massachusetts . . . [has] contributed much to their misfortunes." The above passage provides evidence to support which of the following theses?

Forced religious conversions caused Metacom's War. British colonists converted some indigenous people to Christianity. This development caused divisions within indigenous nations, who feared that converts were traitors and spies for the British colonists.

"They expressed their great satisfaction, saying that no greater good could come to them than to have our friendship, and that they desired to live in peace with their enemies, and that we should dwell in their land, in order that they might in the future more than ever before engage in hunting beavers, and give us a part of them in return for our providing them with things which they wanted . . . " Colonists from which of the following European nations would have been most likely to use similar tactics to those described in the excerpt above?

France. The French cultivated close relationships with many Native Americans to ensure strong trading alliances.

"They expressed their great satisfaction, saying that no greater good could come to them than to have our friendship, and that they desired to live in peace with their enemies, and that we should dwell in their land, in order that they might in the future more than ever before engage in hunting beavers, and give us a part of them in return for our providing them with things which they wanted . . . " Which of the following was a tactic the French used to keep peaceful relations with Native Americans?

French explores married Native American women. Intermarriage was more common between the French and Native Americans because they sought to establish strong relations for trade alliances.

These Indians were the Remains of a Tribe of the Six Nations, settled at Conestoga, and thence called Conestoga Indians . . . there they have lived many Years in Friendship with their White Neighbours, who loved them for their peaceable inoffensive Behavior. On Wednesday, the 14th of December, 1763, Fifty-seven Men, from some of our Frontier Townships . . . came, all well-mounted, and armed with Firelocks, Hangers and Hatchets, having traveled through the Country in the Night, to Conestoga Manor. There they surrounded the small Village of Indian Huts, and just at Break of Day broke into them all at once. Only three Men, two Women, and a young Boy, were found at home . . . These poor defenseless Creatures were immediately fired upon, stabbed and hatcheted to Death! . . . Guilt will lie on the whole Land, till Justice is done on the Murderers. THE BLOOD OF THE INNOCENT WILL CRY TO HEAVEN FOR VENGEANCE. Which of the following groups of people would have been most likely to oppose Franklin's views in the excerpt?

Frontier settlers. Franklin describes an attack on an indigenous village orchestrated by a group of frontiersmen. He calls the indigenous victims of the attack "poor defenseless creatures" and the frontiersmen "murderers." Frontier settlers would have disagreed with this characterization as they often came into conflict with neighboring indigenous nations.

The said Indian, Popé, came down in person with all the war captains and many other Indians, proclaiming through the pueblos that the devil was very strong and much better than God, and that they should burn all the images and temples, rosaries and crosses, and that all the people should discard the names given them in holy baptism and call themselves whatever they liked. . . . They were ordered likewise not to teach the Castilian language in any pueblo and to burn the seeds which the Spaniards sowed and to plant only maize and beans, which were the crops of their ancestors. Which of the following most directly contributed to the conflict referred to in the excerpt?

Increasing Spanish demands on Puebloan peoples. As the Spanish continued to colonize the Americas, they created a labor system in which the Spanish monarchy gave Spanish colonists land and indigenous people for labor. In response, indigenous people fought against Spanish colonization, sometimes using violence.

"Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian war. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to christianize those heathen. . . . [T]he people, on the other side, for lucre and gain, entice and provoke the Indians to the breach thereof, especially to drunkenness. . . . But the government of Massachusetts . . . [has] contributed much to their misfortunes." The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideology in British colonial society that:

Indigenous people should be separated from British colonial society. Randolph writes that some people believed it was their duty to Christianize local indigenous people and hold them to the law. This contradicted the common belief in the British colonies that colonists should remove indigenous people living near the colonies.

The said Indian, Popé, came down in person with all the war captains and many other Indians, proclaiming through the pueblos that the devil was very strong and much better than God, and that they should burn all the images and temples, rosaries and crosses, and that all the people should discard the names given them in holy baptism and call themselves whatever they liked. . . . They were ordered likewise not to teach the Castilian language in any pueblo and to burn the seeds which the Spaniards sowed and to plant only maize and beans, which were the crops of their ancestors. The phenomenon described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in colonial North America?

Indigenous resistance to Spanish efforts at conversion. In the excerpt, the author describes how Popé and the other pueblos resisted Spanish colonization by burning "all the images and temples, rosaries and crosses," which are all symbols in Catholicism.

"Of all the American Plantations his Majesty has, none are so apt for the building of Shipping as New-England, nor none more comparably so qualified for the breeding of [sailors], not only by reason of the natural industry of that people, but principally by reason of their Cod and Mackeral Fisheries: and in my poor opinion, there is nothing more prejudicial, and in project more dangerous to any Mother-Kingdom, than the increase of Shipping in her Colonies, Plantations, or Provinces." A historian would most likely use this passage as evidence for which of the following claims?

New Englanders relied on fishing and shipping more than plantation agriculture because of environmental resources. This excerpt demonstrates how New England relied on fishing cod and mackerel as well as shipping goods to and from the colonies.

"You shall know that our Colonie consisteth now of seven hundred men at least, of sundry arts and professions, some more or less, they stand in health, and few sick. . . . The Colony is . . . strong and defensible by nature, a good air, wholesome and clear . . . with fresh and plenty of water springs, much fair and open grounds freed from woods, and wood enough at hand. . . . Here they have built competent and decent houses, the first story all of bricks, that every man may have his lodging and dwelling place apart by himself, with a sufficient quantity of ground allotted thereto for his orchard and garden to plant at his pleasure, and for his own use . . . What was the Virginia Company's purpose for writing this tract?

Persuade men and women to migrate to the Americas or to invest in the colonization of Virginia. The tract describes the positives of life in Virginia in order to encourage people to move.

The Spaniards for their part learned to govern with less of an iron hand. They reduced demands for labor and tribute, and the encomienda system was never reestablished after 1680. They assigned land grants to individual Pueblos, given them clear European title to their own lands. And they adopted a more tolerant approach to the traditional religion of the Pueblos. Which of the following most directly led to the changes described in the excerpt?

Popé's Rebellion. Also known as the Pueblo Revolt, Popé's Rebellion changed how the Spanish governed the indigenous people in their communities. In the excerpt, Calloway writes that after Popé's Rebellion, the encomienda system ended and the Spanish "reduced demands for labor and tribute."

"You shall know that our Colonie consisteth now of seven hundred men at least, of sundry arts and professions, some more or less, they stand in health, and few sick. . . . The Colony is . . . strong and defensible by nature, a good air, wholesome and clear . . . with fresh and plenty of water springs, much fair and open grounds freed from woods, and wood enough at hand. . . . Here they have built competent and decent houses, the first story all of bricks, that every man may have his lodging and dwelling place apart by himself, with a sufficient quantity of ground allotted thereto for his orchard and garden to plant at his pleasure, and for his own use . . . What was the original intention of the Virginia Company in founding the colony of Jamestown in 1607?

Quickly extracting natural resources from the Americans and making its investors wealthy. English colonists in Jamestown were sent by the Virginia Company to find and extract gold and silver.

The Governor and Council of the Massachusetts had much conference many days; and at last . . . . concluded a peace and friendship with the Pequots, upon these conditions. That they should deliver up to the English those persons amongst them that were guilty of Capt. Stone's death, and the rest that were with him. That if the English desired to plant in Connecticut they should give up their right to them. That the English should henceforward trade with them as their friends, which was a chief thing aimed at; the said Pequots being at that time at war with the Dutch, and the rest of their neighbors . . . The excerpt suggests that Native Americans in the colonial era most typically sought to:

Secure trading partners and allies among European colonial groups. In the excerpt, Hubbard states that as part of a peace agreement with the Pequots, the British must trade with them "as their friends." Hubbard writes that the Pequots may have wanted this part of the agreement because they were "at war with the Dutch" at the time and looking to secure European allies.

The Spaniards for their part learned to govern with less of an iron hand. They reduced demands for labor and tribute, and the encomienda system was never reestablished after 1680. They assigned land grants to individual Pueblos, given them clear European title to their own lands. And they adopted a more tolerant approach to the traditional religion of the Pueblos. Which of the following developments in the late 1600s could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the excerpt?

Spanish friars' encouragement of combining Puebloan and Catholic religious beliefs.Calloway writes that after Popé's Rebellion the Spanish "adopted a more tolerant approach to the traditional religion of the Pueblos." An example of that is how Catholic friars in the colonies adopted some aspects of Puebloan beliefs and combined them with Catholicism

Which of the following statements explains a major difference in settlement patterns between French and English colonies in the 1600s?

The French and Dutch sent less settlers because they were not focused on creating permanent settlements. The French and Dutch were focused on creation trade relationship and did not creating many permanent settlements, while the English did.

"They expressed their great satisfaction, saying that no greater good could come to them than to have our friendship, and that they desired to live in peace with their enemies, and that we should dwell in their land, in order that they might in the future more than ever before engage in hunting beavers, and give us a part of them in return for our providing them with things which they wanted . . . " How did the colonization efforts of the French and Dutch primarily differ from those of the Spanish?

The French and Dutch wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity, while the Spanish did not. The Spanish forcibly converted many native Americans to Christianity.

"Of all the American Plantations his Majesty has, none are so apt for the building of Shipping as New-England, nor none more comparably so qualified for the breeding of [sailors], not only by reason of the natural industry of that people, but principally by reason of their Cod and Mackeral Fisheries: and in my poor opinion, there is nothing more prejudicial, and in project more dangerous to any Mother-Kingdom, than the increase of Shipping in her Colonies, Plantations, or Provinces." The ideas about trade expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following?

The Navigation Acts- were a series of laws passed by the British Parliament that imposed restrictions on colonial trade.

"Although the Country people be very barbarous, yet have they amongst them such government, as that their Magistrates for good commanding, and their people for due subjection, and obeying, excel many places that would be counted very civil. The form of their Common-wealth is a Monarchical government, one as Emperor ruleth over many Kings or Governours. Their chief ruler is called Powhatan, and taketh his name of his principal place of dwelling called Powhatan. Which of the following statements most accurately illustrates the relationship early Jamestown settlers like Smith had with the Powhatans?

The early Jamestown settlers had small conflicts with the Powhatans over issues like settlers stealing food, but mostly cooperated with them. Although they established a relatively cooperative relationship with the Powhatans, they sometimes fought over food.

Source: David Cannadine, historian, Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire, 2002 "The metropolitan efforts to complete this British imperial hierarchy at the center and to export it abroad, so as to forge 'an entire interactive system,' were never a complete success [and] the American colonists eventually rejected the whole thing outright . . . [The British imperial] hierarchical world-view that was extended across the British empire was conservative in its ideology, and stressed the importance of tradition and unchangingness . . . the elaborate, layered social ordering of the American colonies was, at the mid-eighteenth century, a relatively recent development." Which of the following most likely contributed to the 'efforts to complete this British imperial hierarchy' referred to in the excerpt?

The economic theory of mercantilism. Under mercantilism, the British empire aimed to export more than it imported. To do this, they used their colonies to supply raw materials that British factories turned into finished goods and sold all around the world.

IMAGE IS THE "Bible translated into the language of the indigenous Massachusett people, published by John Eliot, 1663 Which of the following developments from the colonial era emerged from ideas most similar to those expressed in the excerpt

The establishment of praying towns to convert indigenous people to Christianity. In the seventeenth century, Puritans in the Massachusetts Bay Colony developed praying towns to convert local indigenous nations to Christianity. The intention of these praying towns was to isolate indigenous people from their communities and get them to replace their native culture with a Christian lifestyle.

"Although the Country people be very barbarous, yet have they amongst them such government, as that their Magistrates for good commanding, and their people for due subjection, and obeying, excel many places that would be counted very civil. The form of their Common-wealth is a Monarchical government, one as Emperor ruleth over many Kings or Governours. Their chief ruler is called Powhatan, and taketh his name of his principal place of dwelling called Powhatan. The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following?

The political differences between American Indians and English colonizers. Smith describes the Powhatans' structure of government.

Which of the following factors was one cause of the trend depicted in the table above?

There were more "push" factors in England such as poverty and religious persecution than in France or the Netherlands. England also made it easier for its citizens to emigrate than France or the Netherlands.

Development of a mercantilist system to export cash crops. The English colonies sent cash crops and raw materials to the mother country"We must be knit together in this work as one man, we must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities for the supply of others' necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor, and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body." The ideas expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following practices in New England?

Town meetings. Town meetings were an early expression of democratic society in the Americas.

These Indians were the Remains of a Tribe of the Six Nations, settled at Conestoga, and thence called Conestoga Indians . . . there they have lived many Years in Friendship with their White Neighbours, who loved them for their peaceable inoffensive Behavior. On Wednesday, the 14th of December, 1763, Fifty-seven Men, from some of our Frontier Townships . . . came, all well-mounted, and armed with Firelocks, Hangers and Hatchets, having traveled through the Country in the Night, to Conestoga Manor. There they surrounded the small Village of Indian Huts, and just at Break of Day broke into them all at once. Only three Men, two Women, and a young Boy, were found at home . . . These poor defenseless Creatures were immediately fired upon, stabbed and hatcheted to Death! . . . Guilt will lie on the whole Land, till Justice is done on the Murderers. THE BLOOD OF THE INNOCENT WILL CRY TO HEAVEN FOR VENGEANCE. The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideology among colonial-era Europeans that:

Violence against indigenous people was justified. Franklin describes an attack on a village in Conestoga. He calls the victims of the attack "poor defenseless Creatures," signaling that he thought it was an unjustified attack.

"You shall know that our Colonie consisteth now of seven hundred men at least, of sundry arts and professions, some more or less, they stand in health, and few sick. . . . The Colony is . . . strong and defensible by nature, a good air, wholesome and clear . . . with fresh and plenty of water springs, much fair and open grounds freed from woods, and wood enough at hand. . . . Here they have built competent and decent houses, the first story all of bricks, that every man may have his lodging and dwelling place apart by himself, with a sufficient quantity of ground allotted thereto for his orchard and garden to plant at his pleasure, and for his own use . . . What kinds of settlers might the Virginia Company have hoped to attract to their colony with this tract?

Young, single men, looking to make their fortune. The tract advertises having more than enough land for men to strike out on their own, which would appeal to young, single men who were looking to advance in social status.