APUSH Period 3 (1754-1800)
What did Alexander Hamilton's financial program include? Why was the plan created?
It included taxes on whiskey and the establishment of the Bank of the United States. It was created in order to pay off the US debt
What was "republican motherhood"?
Mothers had the most influence on political ideas because they could raise their children educated in republican ideas
Why did the colonists object to the Stamp Act following the French and Indian War?
They were taxed without being represented in legislature
What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 according to King George III?
To keep the colonists out of the Native American territory in order to avoid conflict
What was the primary intention of the Adams administration for enforcing the Sedition Act?
To prevent subversion and curb criticism
What was the considerable strength of the Articles of Confederation?
Providing statehood for new western territories
"The Anti-Federalists charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon them under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." ---Cecelia M. Kenyon, historian, "Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government," 1955 During the constitutional ratification process, Anti-Federalists' concerns, as described in the excerpt, were most directly addressed by an agreement to a. Allow the individual states to print their own state currency. b. Grant citizenship rights to women and American Indians. c. Explain the role of the states in foreign affairs. d. Adopt the Bill of Rights as an addition to the Constitution.
d. Adopt the Bill of Rights as an addition to the Constitution.
"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." ---The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament, 1766 Which of the following contributed most directly to the enactment of the law in the excerpt? a. The increasing divergence between colonial and British culture in the 1700s b. Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) c. The drafting of the Declaration of Independence for Britain's colonies in North America d. Conflicts between colonists and British army leaders over recognizing Native American sovereignty
d. Parliament strengthening its approach to generating new tax revenue in the North American colonies.
"Mr. Jay's treaty [which reestablished trade and diplomatic relations between the United States and Great Britain following the Revolutionary War] has at length been made public. So general a burst of dissatisfaction never before appeared against any transaction. Those who understand the particular articles of it, condemn these articles. Those who do not understand them minutely, condemn it generally as wearing a hostile face to France. This last is the most numerous class, comprehending the whole body of the people, who have taken a greater interest in this transaction than they were ever known to do in any other. It has in my opinion completely demolished the monarchical party here." ---Thomas Jefferson, letter to James Monroe, September 6, 1795 Which of the following was an important consequence of the debate over the Jay Treaty? a. The United States adopted a policy of isolationism. b. Sectional tensions between the West and South increased. c. Federalists introduced legislation to establish a constitutional monarchy. d. Strong disagreements over policy promoted the development of political parties.
d. Strong disagreements over policy promoted the development of political parties.
How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution?
9 out of the 13 states
The government under the Articles of Confederation consisted of ___?
A unicameral Congress with no executive and no judicial
What resulted in the Great Compromise of 1787?
It established the Senate and House of Representatives
What did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions do?
Challenge federal law by saying states should determine the acts of the government as unconsitutional
What provision did the Founding Fathers include in the Constitution to ensure the branches would provide a stable government?
Checks and Balances and the separation of power
Under the Articles of Confederation the US government had no power to _____?
Collect Taxes and Make Laws
What did the Constitutional Convention achieve?
Created a gov't favorable to large & small states, created a strong national gov't that would not threaten states' power, and established 3 branches of gov't
What system did the Founding Fathers adopt in the Constitution to elect the president?
Electoral College
What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 do?
Established the guidelines for creating new states and abolished slavery in the Northwest Territory
Why did Thomas Jefferson disagree with Hamilton's financial plan?
He was afraid a national bank would create a monopoly that favored mercantilism and ignored agricultural interests
What did Thomas Paine's pamhlet, Common Sense, promote?
Independence and Freedom in the 13 colonies
What was the major consequence in the outcome of the French and Indian War on the American colonists?
It caused Britain to gain a war debt leading to the colonists being heavily taxed
How did the Haitian Revolution affect the US particularly in the South?
It led to the slave owners being more strict on the slaves because they were afraid of a rebellion
Why was Pinckney's Treaty considered a success in Washington's presidency?
Spain let the US use New Orleans for trade
The American colonists' slogan, "No Taxation without Representation." was a rejection of ___?
The "virtual representation" Parliment claimed to give them
What contributed the most to the American victory in the Revolutionary War?
The French Alliance
"Question. Are not the Colonies, from their circumstances, very able to pay the stamp duty? "Answer. In my opinion there is not gold and silver enough in the Colonies to pay the stamp duty for one year... "Question. Do you think it right that America should be protected by this country and pay no part of the expense? "Answer. That is not the case. The Colonies raised, clothed, and paid, during the last war, near twenty-five thousand men, and spent many millions... "Question. What was the temper [opinion or attitude] of America toward Great Britain before the year 1763? "Answer. The best in the world. They submitted willingly to the government of the Crown, and paid, in all their courts, obedience to acts of Parliament... "Question. And what is their temper now? "Answer. Oh, very much altered... "Question. Was it an opinion in America before 1763 that the Parliament had no right to lay taxes and duties there? "Answer. I never heard an objection to the right of laying duties to regulate commerce; but a right to lay internal taxes was never supposed to be in Parliament, as we are not represented there." ---Benjamin Franklin, testimony before the British Parliament regarding the Stamp Act, 1766 Franklin based his argument in the excerpt on which of the following? a. Belief in American traditions of self-rule or salutary neglect. b. Objections to supporting the Church of England. c. Concerns about protecting maritime trade. d. Advocacy for American independence from Great Britain.
a. Belief in American traditions of self-rule or salutary neglect.
"The Anti-Federalists charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon them under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." ---Mary Beth Norton, historian, "The Philadelphia Ladies Association," American Heritage, 1980 The women described in the excerpt would have most typically engaged in which of the following activities during the Revolutionary era? a. Producing goods for the Patriot cause b. Writing plays in support of independence c. Campaigning for the right to vote as a wartime measure d. Joining militias so that they could fight on the front lines of battle
a. Producing goods for the Patriot cause
"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." ---The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament, 1766 Which of the following contributed most directly to the enactment of the law in the excerpt? a. The increasing divergence between colonial and British culture in the 1700s b. Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) c. The drafting of the Declaration of Independence for Britain's colonies in North America d. Conflicts between colonists and British army leaders over recognizing Native American sovereignty
b. Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)
"As its preamble promised, the Constitution would 'ensure domestic tranquility' by allowing the federal government to field an army powerful enough to suppress rebellions like those that had flared up in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and other states. Even more important, the Constitution would 'establish justice' by preventing the state assemblies from adopting relief measures that screened their citizens from either their Continental taxes or their private debts... Excoriating [harshly criticizing] the legislatures for collecting too little money from taxpayers, the bondholders and their sympathizers noted with approval that the Constitution would take the business of collecting federal taxes away from the states and place it firmly in the hands of a powerful new national government." ---Woody Holton, historian, Unruly Americans and the Origins of the Constitution, 2007 Which of the following most directly contributed to the debates described in the excerpt? a. The Haitian Revolution b. Shays' Rebellion c. The French Revolution d. The Pueblo Revolt
b. Shays' Rebellion
"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was not part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." ---John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams' theory about the Revolution? a. The existence of significant social and economic divisions within the colonies. b. The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause. c. The importance of colonial military victories in bringing about independence. d. The importance of support from European allies in defeating the British.
b. The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause.
"The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations is...to have with them as little political connection as possible...It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world." The quotation above is part of which of the following documents? a. Pinckney's Treaty of San Lorenzo b. The Rush-Bagot Treaty c. President Washington's Farewell Address d. The Monroe Doctrine
c. President Washington's Farewell Address
"The Anti-Federalists charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon them under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." ---Mary Beth Norton, historian, "The Philadelphia Ladies Association," American Heritage, 1980 During and immediately after the Revolutionary era, which of the following resulted most directly from the efforts of women such as those described in the excerpt? a. The extension of voting rights to women nationwide b. The reform of laws regarding women's property ownership c. The ideal that women would teach republican values d. The creation of a national network of abolitionist societies
c. The ideal that women would teach republican values
"Mr. Jay's treaty [which reestablished trade and diplomatic relations between the United States and Great Britain following the Revolutionary War] has at length been made public. So general a burst of dissatisfaction never before appeared against any transaction. Those who understand the particular articles of it, condemn these articles. Those who do not understand them minutely, condemn it generally as wearing a hostile face to France. This last is the most numerous class, comprehending the whole body of the people, who have taken a greater interest in this transaction than they were ever known to do in any other. It has in my opinion completely demolished the monarchical party here." ---Thomas Jefferson, letter to James Monroe, September 6, 1795 Thomas Jefferson's reaction to the Jay Treaty as expressed in the letter was most directly a reflection of ongoing debates in the United States over a. Economic policy. b. Westward expansion. c. The impact of the French Revolution. d. The return of a constitutional monarchy.
c. The impact of the French Revolution.
"We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force... "We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. "In our own native land, in defense of the freedom..., and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms." ---Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775 Which of the following most immediately built on the ideas expressed in the excerpt? a. The issuing of George Washington's Farewell Address b. The drafting of the United States Constitution c. The publication of the pamphlet Common Sense d. The writing of The Federalist Papers
c. The publication of the pamphlet Common Sense
"Question. Are not the Colonies, from their circumstances, very able to pay the stamp duty? "Answer. In my opinion there is not gold and silver enough in the Colonies to pay the stamp duty for one year... "Question. Do you think it right that America should be protected by this country and pay no part of the expense? "Answer. That is not the case. The Colonies raised, clothed, and paid, during the last war, near twenty-five thousand men, and spent many millions... "Question. What was the temper [opinion or attitude] of America toward Great Britain before the year 1763? "Answer. The best in the world. They submitted willingly to the government of the Crown, and paid, in all their courts, obedience to acts of Parliament... "Question. And what is their temper now? "Answer. Oh, very much altered... "Question. Was it an opinion in America before 1763 that the Parliament had no right to lay taxes and duties there? "Answer. I never heard an objection to the right of laying duties to regulate commerce; but a right to lay internal taxes was never supposed to be in Parliament, as we are not represented there." ---Benjamin Franklin, testimony before the British Parliament regarding the Stamp Act, 1766 Which conflict was Franklin referring to when he described colonial contributions to the "last war?" a. The American Revolutionary War b. Metacom's War c. The Pueblo Revolt d. The French and Indian War
d. The French and Indian War
"In the time of the late war, being desirous to defend, secure, and promote the Rights and Liberties of the people, we spared no pains but freely granted all the aid and assistance of every kind that our civil fathers [political leaders] required of us. "We are sensible also that a great debt is justly brought upon us by the War, and we are as willing to pay our share towards it as we are to enjoy our shares in independency. . . . "But with the greatest submission we beg leave to inform your Honors that unless something takes place more favorable to the people, in a little time at least one half of our inhabitants in our opinion will become bankrupt. . . . When we compute the taxes laid upon us the five preceding years, the State and County, town, and class taxes, the amount is equal to what our farms will rent for. Sirs in this situation, what have we to live on: No money to be had; our estates daily posted and sold. . . . Surely your Honors are no strangers to the distresses of the people but do know that many of our good inhabitants are now confined in jail for debt and for taxes. . . . Will not the people in the neighboring states say of this state: although the Massachusetts [people] boast of their fine Constitution, their government is such that it devours their inhabitants? ". . . If your Honors find anything above mentioned worthy of notice, we earnestly pray that . . . [the state legislature] would point out some way whereby the people might be relieved." ---Petition from the town of Greenwich to the Massachusetts state legislature, 1786 Which of the following claims did the residents of Greenwich use to most support their arguments that they should be "relieved" by the Massachusetts legislature from the situation described in the petition? a. They believed that Massachusetts should pay off its war debts. b. They earned enough money to pay their state taxes. c. They were eager to gain the benefits of independence. d. They had aided the government during the Revolutionary War.
d. They had aided the government during the Revolutionary War.