apush quiz period 6-9

Addams' point of view expressed in the excerpt supports which of the following historical arguments? A. Activists believed that political machines hindered immigrant adoption of American political norms. B. Women claimed that their participation in reform movements would increase support for women's rights. C. The Democratic Party feared that foreign migrants weakened political support for Democrats in urban areas. D. Chicagoans worried that they faced more political corruption than other cities in the northern United States.

A. Activists believed that political machines hindered immigrant adoption of American political norms.

Which of the following can most accurately be concluded about the broader economic conditions of the period described in the excerpt? A. Businesses made use of new management structures to increase the production of goods. B. Agricultural production continued to be the primary economic activity in the South. C. The economic gap between the social classes narrowed as standards of living improved. D. Large-scale industrial production was accompanied by anticapitalist government policies.

A. Businesses made use of new management structures to increase the production of goods.

Hoover's testimony in the excerpt could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following? A. Debates among Americans about the policies and methods used to expose domestic communists B. The methods used by the federal government to infiltrate communist organizations C. The efforts by Congress to protect the United States against communist influence D. Debates among Americans about how to combat Soviet influence in the developing world

A. Debates among Americans about the policies and methods used to expose domestic communists

Which of the following contexts between 1900 and 1919 best helps to explain the developments in the excerpt? A. Global conflicts led to new United States foreign policy to protect national security. B. Territorial ambitions led the United States to increase overseas involvement. C. Congress passed new laws to protect the voting rights of citizens. D. New immigration restrictions reduced the influence of nativist groups.

A. Global conflicts led to new United States foreign policy to protect national security.

Which of the following explains a connection between the ability of Americans to gain access to natural resources in the early 1800s and in the late 1800s? A. In both periods, the expansion of power over western North America gave the United States control over more natural resources. B. In both periods, the United States imported more natural resources after claiming overseas colonies through the Monroe Doctrine. C. In both periods, the United States acquired more natural resources by increasing peaceful trade with American Indian groups. D. In both periods, the forced migration of enslaved people provided labor for extracting natural resources in United States mining towns.

A. In both periods, the expansion of power over western North America gave the United States control over more natural resources.

The principles of the Great Society as expressed in the excerpt are best explained in relation to which of the following twentieth-century ideologies? A. Liberalism B. Conservatism C. Feminism D. Isolationism

A. Liberalism

Which of the following best explains a limitation in Mumford's critique of postwar suburbanization? A. Many families moved to the new suburbs to find affordable homes. B. The federal government allocated many new subdivisions for public housing. C. Many African American and Latino American families moved to the new suburbs. D. The federal government recognized suburban sprawl as an environmental concern.

A. Many families moved to the new suburbs to find affordable homes.

The situation of the excerpt could best be used by a historian to support which of the following explanations of changes in society during the Gilded Age? A. New scientific theories of race emerged to justify segregation. B. Businesses and government generally limited workers' rights. C. Nativists were effective in enacting limitations on immigration. D. Westward mobility improved through the construction of rail networks.

A. New scientific theories of race emerged to justify segregation.

Which of the following best explains a long-term political change resulting from the New Deal? A. Political alignments shifted as African Americans came to support the Democratic Party. B. The Republican Party split into factions as many reformers broke away to form a new party. C. Both major political parties came to embrace radical and populist ideas of reform. D. Both major political parties came to support an isolationist foreign policy and sought to keep the United States out of war.

A. Political alignments shifted as African Americans came to support the Democratic Party.

The situation depicted in the excerpt was most significant because it led to which of the following outcomes? A. Progressive Era reformers sought federal legislation and court action to help regulate economic markets. B. Preservationists and conservationists disagreed over federal approaches to the use of natural resources. C. Some reformers called for greater reliance on professional and technical experts to make businesses more efficient. D. Consumer safety for women and children became a key concern for Progressive Era reformers.

A. Progressive Era reformers sought federal legislation and court action to help regulate economic markets.

The point of view of the first two paragraphs of the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following historical arguments? A. Some political leaders pointed to traditions of self-determination when making foreign policy. B. Many political leaders argued that the United States' history of expansion justified acquiring colonies. C. Democratic politicians advocated using military force to suppress a nationalist movement in the Philippines. D. Republican politicians claimed that governing the Philippines would promote domestic economic development.

A. Some political leaders pointed to traditions of self-determination when making foreign policy.

Which of the following best explains how the United States sought to engage in world affairs in the 1920s and 1930s, the decades immediately following the First World War? A. The United States used peace treaties and select military intervention to promote international order. B. The United States focused on limiting European territorial acquisition in the Western Hemisphere. C. The United States sought to promote democratic and humanitarian principles abroad. D. The United States sought to acquire new territories overseas in the Caribbean and the Pacific.

A. The United States used peace treaties and select military intervention to promote international order.

Which of the following events represented a continuation of the development discussed in the excerpt? A. The advocacy for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 B. The opposition of activists to the Plessy v. Ferguson decision C. The increasing debates over racial equality by African American military veterans D. The Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West

A. The advocacy for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which of the following developments during the mid-to-late 1910s could best be used as evidence to refute the argument made in the excerpt? A. The economic situation of many African Americans in urban areas improved. B. The number of African Americans working as sharecroppers remained consistent. C. The movement for African American civil rights advanced through new legislation. D. The settlement houses gave African Americans opportunities to learn new skills.

A. The economic situation of many African Americans in urban areas improved.

The excerpt could best be used to explain which of the following postwar situations? A. The emergence of the United States as a global superpower B. The threat posed by belligerents unwilling to surrender C. The impact of internment policies on relations between the United States and Japan D. The difficulties of rebuilding nations damaged by combat

A. The emergence of the United States as a global superpower

President Eisenhower's actions in the excerpt were most similar to which of the following earlier actions? A. The ending of segregation in the military in the 1940s B. The internment of Japanese Americans during the Second World War C. The removal of American Indians to reservations in the 1830s D. The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation during the Civil War

A. The ending of segregation in the military in the 1940s

Which of the following postwar developments most directly contributed to the ideas in the excerpt? A. The foreign policy strategy of supporting developing nations as a means to prevent the spread of communism B. The popularization of liberal policies characterized by movements for rights and equality C. The ascendance of a youth counterculture and its role in leading social and cultural change D. The decline of Cold War military strategies in the 1960s

A. The foreign policy strategy of supporting developing nations as a means to prevent the spread of communism

The development by the early 1900s depicted in the excerpt represented a continuation of which of the following earlier developments? A. The growth of the middle class during the Gilded Age B. The spread of religious revivals during the Second Great Awakening C. The federal support for transportation such as transcontinental railroads D. The persistence of ethnic cultures in many immigrant communities after the 1870s

A. The growth of the middle class during the Gilded Age

Which of the following contexts best explains the increase in violent conflicts in the western United States in the late 1800s? A. The increase in migration by White settlers B. The regulation of industrial production by the federal government C. The recognition by federal courts of labor union bargaining rights D. The ban on immigration from eastern Asia

A. The increase in migration by White settlers

The depiction in the photograph best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the late 1940s and early 1950s? A. The spread of mass culture to many Americans B. The influence of the Sun Belt on national politics C. The fear of communist infiltration of the United States D. The use of media to change the course of the Cold War

A. The spread of mass culture to many Americans

The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments for many individuals who amassed great wealth during the period? A. They came to believe that they had a moral obligation to help improve society to address the needs of the working and middle classes. B. They began to resist and disregard the many social conventions and "arbitrary laws" that defined their class. C. They sought to escape the undesirable conditions of city living by moving to the countryside. D. They attempted to expand middle- and working-class access to political systems by supporting Progressive reforms.

A. They came to believe that they had a moral obligation to help improve society to address the needs of the working and middle classes.

The publication of the excerpt most likely had which of the following purposes? A. To increase opposition to the United States annexation of the Philippines B. To argue for the expansion of the United States armed and naval forces C. To challenge United States policies toward American Indians in the West D. To explain how United States citizens could settle islands in the Pacific region

A. To increase opposition to the United States annexation of the Philippines

The point of view expressed in the excerpt most directly illuminates which of the following debates within United States foreign policy during the post-Second World War period? A. Whether to use direct or indirect tactics to challenge the influence of the Soviet Union B. Whether to join mutual defense organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) C. Whether to support European nations' efforts to keep control over their overseas colonies D. Whether to give the executive branch increased power over foreign and military policy

A. Whether to use direct or indirect tactics to challenge the influence of the Soviet Union

Which of the following best explains the cause of the historical development depicted in the image? A. Workforce shortages led to calls for women to perform jobs previously reserved for men. B. Americans developed more liberal attitudes about the proper role of women in the workforce. C. New Deal policies encouraged women to pursue educational opportunities in order to stimulate the economy. D. White women generally engaged in vocational labor because of the persistence of racism by employers.

A. Workforce shortages led to calls for women to perform jobs previously reserved for men.

Bradley's argument differs from Klein's in that Bradley claims that A. some communist governments actually sought assistance from the United States B. decolonization occurred in areas where the United States was given access to trade C. the United States actively opposed colonialism in Asia but not in Africa D. the Soviet Union supported decolonization so that it could limit the influence of the United States

A. some communist governments actually sought assistance from the United States

Unlike Commissioner Parker, Chief Joseph supports the claim that American Indians A. sought to preserve their culture B. wanted better compensation for their land C. sought access to boarding schools for their children D. wanted to permit railroad construction through reservations

A. sought to preserve their culture

Which of the following can be concluded based on the historical context in which the excerpt was produced? A. Anti-imperialists sought to discredit the idea that the United States needed natural resources from abroad. B. Americans were uncertain how to deal with the transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy. C. Populist reformers believed that cooperative organizations could best be used to combat the excesses of corporations. D. Immigrant groups sought to organize into labor unions in order to negotiate against unfair labor practices.

B. Americans were uncertain how to deal with the transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy.

Which of the following is a similarity between Bodnar's and Ewen's arguments in the excerpts about immigrant families in the late 1800s? A. Both argue that the strength of immigrant families weakened in the United States. B. Both maintain that immigrant families provided members with economic support. C. Both claim that immigrant families were eager to assimilate to American culture. D. Both assert that immigrant families primarily valued the advancement of individuals.

B. Both maintain that immigrant families provided members with economic support.

Which of the following describes a difference between the arguments made by Chief Joseph and Commissioner Parker in the excerpts? A. Chief Joseph supported the reservation system for Native Americans, while Commissioner Parker condemned reservations. B. Chief Joseph believed that Native American tribes had a right to sovereignty, while Commissioner Parker believed that Native American tribes were not sovereign nations. C. Chief Joseph sought additional support for agriculture on reservations, while Commissioner Parker called for industrialization on reservations. D. Chief Joseph asserted that Native Americans should never interact with government officials, while Commissioner Parker argued that they should be represented in Washington.

B. Chief Joseph believed that Native American tribes had a right to sovereignty, while Commissioner Parker believed that Native American tribes were not sovereign nations.

Which of the following explains a similarity between the United States economy in the early 1900s depicted in the excerpt and the United States economy in the first half of the 1800s? A. In both periods the federal government owned and operated new transportation infrastructure. B. In both periods, new technology increasingly connected Americans to commerce and markets. C. In both periods, a new political movement called for increased regulation of businesses. D. In both periods, overseas colonies provided new markets for United States manufacturers.

B. In both periods, new technology increasingly connected Americans to commerce and markets.

Which of the following contexts contributed most directly to the interest in trade with China as described in the excerpt? A. Increased need for laborers on railroad-building projects B. Increased demand for resources and markets for goods C. Decreased economic competition from European empires D. Decreased activity in commercial trade across the Atlantic

B. Increased demand for resources and markets for goods

Which of the following arguments about United States policy toward decolonization do the excerpts best support? A. It sought to encourage decolonization by withholding economic support to European nations. B. It was more interested in maintaining stability in regions than in backing decolonization. C. It supported decolonization efforts by providing weapons and money to nationalists. D. It rejected decolonization in favor of replacing European control with American control.

B. It was more interested in maintaining stability in regions than in backing decolonization.

Gould's testimony best serves as evidence for which of the following situations during the late 1800s? A. The federal government frequently intervened in the economy to minimize class conflict. B. Many businesses owners argued that pro-growth government policies best facilitated economic growth. C. Most industrialists in the late nineteenth century were self-made men. D. The United States government heavily regulated telecommunications and interstate commerce.

B. Many businesses owners argued that pro-growth government policies best facilitated economic growth.

The development of the railroads as described in the excerpt had which of the following effects on westward expansion in the late 1800s? A. Merchants mobilized politically to resist transportation expansion. B. New commercial centers and communities emerged along rail lines. C. Governments exerted increased control over transportation industries. D. New immigrants mostly settled on western farms along rail lines.

B. New commercial centers and communities emerged along rail lines.

The image best serves as evidence of the experiences of families living in which of the following places in the 1950s? A. Ethnic immigrant neighborhoods B. New suburban developments C. Urban tenement buildings D. Rural communities

B. New suburban developments

Which of the following best explains changes in the federal government resulting from the Great Depression? A. Policymakers embraced a laissez-faire model, further withdrawing the federal government from participation in the economy. B. Policymakers developed a limited welfare state to reduce the effects of mass unemployment and social upheavals. C. Policymakers resisted the efforts of organized labor unions to improve conditions for workers. D. Policymakers fostered fully cooperative relations between government and businesses.

B. Policymakers developed a limited welfare state to reduce the effects of mass unemployment and social upheavals.

Which of the following pieces of evidence would challenge Postel's claim in the first paragraph of the excerpt about the "ethos of modernity and progress" and the Populists? A. Populists living in rural areas learned about urban and international life through the telegraph and newspapers. B. Populist speakers often used references to language from the founding of the United States to make moral arguments for their policies. C. Populists sought to develop commercial farming through the expansion of transportation networks. D. Populists formed a national political organization out of numerous local farmer and labor groups.

B. Populist speakers often used references to language from the founding of the United States to make moral arguments for their policies.

Opponents of Eisenhower's decision in the excerpt most likely held views similar to which of the following earlier groups? A. Radical Republicans in Congress in the 1870s B. Southern state leaders in the 1880s and 1890s C. New Deal Democrats in the North in the 1930s and 1940s D. Immigrants in urban ethnic neighborhoods in the early 1900s

B. Southern state leaders in the 1880s and 1890s

Which of the following best explains the policy of the United States toward Nazi Germany in the 1930s? A. Regrets over the Treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War left many Americans sympathetic toward German rearmament. B. Strong isolationist sentiments after the First World War left many Americans wary of involvement in another European conflict. C. Economic cooperation between the United States and Nazi Germany discouraged any actions that would jeopardize the partnership. D. Public attitudes within the United States discouraged any decisions that might jeopardize programs fostering recovery from the Great Depression.

B. Strong isolationist sentiments after the First World War left many Americans wary of involvement in another European conflict.

Which of the following best explains changes in migration patterns in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s? A. Political and economic disruptions in Europe led many Europeans to immigrate to the United States in search of safety and security. B. The Great Depression of the 1930s and the increased demand for war production in the 1940s led many Americans to migrate to cities in search of economic opportunities. C. The availability of inexpensive land for people who agreed to develop it encouraged many Americans to migrate to the western United States in search of self-sufficiency. D. New projects to build railroads, roads, and bridges attracted many Asians to immigrate to the United States in search of economic opportunities.

B. The Great Depression of the 1930s and the increased demand for war production in the 1940s led many Americans to migrate to cities in search of economic opportunities.

Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to support the argument made in the excerpt? A. The United States government eliminated segregation in defense industry work and in the armed forces. B. The United States experienced persistent racial violence throughout the early twentieth century. C. The United States Congress enacted laws restricting freedom of speech in reaction to the first Red Scare. D. The United States placed severe restrictions on immigration from southern and eastern Europe.

B. The United States experienced persistent racial violence throughout the early twentieth century.

Which of the following social contexts best helps to explain the development discussed in the excerpt? A. Federal land grants encouraged migration to western states. B. The United States population shifted from rural to urban areas. C. Some religious leaders argued against modern cultural values. D. Nativists advocated against allowing continued immigration.

B. The United States population shifted from rural to urban areas.

Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to support Addams' argument in the excerpt about politics in the late 1800s? A. Federal civil service reform led to a reduction in the number of political patronage jobs. B. The allegiance of immigrant voters led to the creation of urban political machines. C. Many writers gained a large audience with criticisms of corruption in city politics. D. African Americans predominantly identified with politicians of the Republican Party.

B. The allegiance of immigrant voters led to the creation of urban political machines.

Which of the following is a limitation of using Bryan's speech to study the differences between imperialism and anti-imperialism in the early 1900s? A. The imperialist idea in the speech about the United States imitating the model of European activity overseas was similar to the foreign policy of anti-imperialists. B. The anti-imperialist idea in the speech about the racial differences between Filipinos and White Americans was similar to the racial theories of imperialists. C. The speech was given at the beginning of the presidential campaign for the election of 1900. D. The speech was given by a prominent Democratic political leader in the early 1900s.

B. The anti-imperialist idea in the speech about the racial differences between Filipinos and White Americans was similar to the racial theories of imperialists

Which of the following best explains the change in the overall United States military presence in Vietnam between 1964 and 1968 as depicted in the graph? A. The belief that democratic governments needed to be protected from the influence of the Soviet Union B. The fear that the North Vietnamese forces under Ho Chi Minh would spread communism in Asia C. The concern that France was attempting to colonize Vietnam in opposition to international agreements D. The reaction of the Lyndon Johnson administration to scandals over presidential authority

B. The fear that the North Vietnamese forces under Ho Chi Minh would spread communism in Asia

Which of the following contexts best explains the origins of the modern African American Civil Rights movement? A. Evangelical Christians became increasingly active in national politics. B. The federal government continued to fail to live up to its promises of guaranteeing the equality of citizens. C. The United States increased military spending and foreign aid to limit the expansion of communism. D. A conservative movement developed that criticized the role of court decisions in society.

B. The federal government continued to fail to live up to its promises of guaranteeing the equality of citizens.

Which of the following best explains how the Red Scare following the Second World War reflected the larger historical context? A. The ideas reveal strategies by the United States to gain support of other nations against Soviet expansion. B. The ideas demonstrate efforts by the federal government to ensure domestic security. C. The ideas represent a consensus among policy makers in favor of expanding the social welfare state. D. The ideas show how conservatives mobilized to promote isolationism from international affairs.

B. The ideas demonstrate efforts by the federal government to ensure domestic security.

The historical situation of the excerpt supports which of the following arguments about reform in the Gilded Age? A. The idea of the Social Gospel inspired the development of many new reform movements. B. The position of women as prominent leaders in reform movements increased their public role in society. C.Reformers encouraged city residents to fight corruption by joining utopian communities. D. Reformers advocated expanded college access for immigrants in order to facilitate social integration.

B. The position of women as prominent leaders in reform movements increased their public role in society.

Which of the following can be concluded about the status of middle-class people during the late 1800s when the excerpt was produced? A. They grew to be more financially stable than elites. B. They experienced a growth of access to leisure time. C. They faced declining working conditions. D. They sought to minimize the influence of consumerism.

B. They experienced a growth of access to leisure time.

The historical situation of the court ruling described in the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following claims about African Americans during the late 1800s? A. They began to shift away from using the sharecropping system. B. They organized reform movements in order to fight for political equality. C. They moved westward in large numbers to escape segregationist laws. D. They became the largest segment of the industrial workforce.

B. They organized reform movements in order to fight for political equality.

Other world leaders most likely interpreted the excerpt as indicating that the United States was A. threatening to return to a policy of isolationism. B. taking a leading role in world diplomacy. C. attempting to expand its territorial holdings. D. challenging the influence of communist governments.

B. taking a leading role in world diplomacy.

A context that helps to explain the development discussed in the excerpt is that, after 1920, Americans were debating A. whether married women should have the right to vote B. the appropriate gender roles for women in society C. the morality of enslaving African American women D. whether women should participate in social reform

B. the appropriate gender roles for women in society

A limitation of using the speech excerpted to study opposition to the League of Nations is that the speech A. was given in support of the United States war effort B. was given before the Treaty of Versailles was concluded C. supported the example of George Washington's foreign policy D. advocated avoiding special alliances with particular countries

B. was given before the Treaty of Versailles was concluded

Which of the following best describes a similarity between the arguments made by Chief Joseph and Commissioner Parker in the excerpts? A. Both argued that the spread of Christianity was a positive influence on American Indians. B. Both asserted that the federal government had legal authority over American Indians. C. Both argued against the signing of treaties to take American Indian lands. D. Both believed that American Indians required moral training.

C. Both argued against the signing of treaties to take American Indian lands.

Which of the following best explains a connection between policies intended to address the Great Depression and earlier Progressive Era reform policies? A. Both provided direct monetary relief to people living in poverty. B. Both sought to use moral reform to address economic issues. C. Both sought to create a stronger financial regulatory system. D. Both relied on strong alliances with organized labor unions.

C. Both sought to create a stronger financial regulatory system.

The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments? A. The United States sought to apply the idea of self-determination to its own colonies. B. The Great Depression posed new challenges for United States foreign relations. C. Debates emerged over the proper role of the United States in the world. D. The United States passed restrictive laws to limit immigration from countries at war.

C. Debates emerged over the proper role of the United States in the world.

Which of the following best explains the main cause of the Great Depression of the 1930s? A. The corruption of the Gilded Age prompted calls for civil service reforms. B. The decline of immigration in the 1920s reduced the supply of affordable labor. C. Episodes of credit and market instability undermined the financial system. D. Participation in the First World War overextended the nation's financial resources.

C. Episodes of credit and market instability undermined the financial system.

Which of the following describes a difference between Bodnar's and Ewen's arguments in the excerpts about immigrants in the late 1800s? A. Bodnar argues that some immigrants embraced modern social values, whereas Ewen argues that most immigrants preserved traditional practices. B. Bodnar claims that immigrants were supported by family networks, whereas Ewen claims that immigrants depended mostly on their own initiative. C. Ewen asserts that some immigrants sought personal fulfilment, whereas Bodnar asserts that most immigrants focused on supporting their families over individualism. D. Ewen holds that some Americans opposed immigrant cultural cohesion, whereas Bodnar holds that most Americans embraced new immigrant cultures.

C. Ewen asserts that some immigrants sought personal fulfilment, whereas Bodnar asserts that most immigrants focused on supporting their families over individualism.

The transportation development described in the excerpt had which of the following effects on agriculture in the United States? A. Railroad workers replaced farmers as the largest group of workers in the United States. B. Food prices rose as a result of increased demand for grain from coastal port cities. C. Farmers developed cooperative organizations to limit the power of rail companies. D. Rural immigrant populations outpaced those of cities as access to land became easier.

C. Farmers developed cooperative organizations to limit the power of rail companies.

Which of the following best explains the change in United States military combat deaths in Vietnam between 1964 and 1968 as depicted in the graph? A. Growing opposition to the Vietnam War by university students in the United States B. The end of the alliance between the Soviet Union and the United States C. Increasing commitment by politicians in the United States to combat the spread of global communism D. The direct intervention of Chinese military forces on the side of the North Vietnamese government

C. Increasing commitment by politicians in the United States to combat the spread of global communism

Which of the following developments most likely explains the trade policies Burlingame advocates in the excerpt? A. Growing influence of populist political arguments B. Continuing resistance to the formation of labor unions C. Increasing support for laissez-faire economic policies D. Developing practices of sharecropping and tenant farming

C. Increasing support for laissez-faire economic policies

Which of the following can be inferred about the popular business practices of the late 1800s referenced in Gould's testimony? A. Railroads and communication systems spread primarily as a result of private investment, not government subsidies. B. Labor and management generally resolved their differences without conflict or intervention by the federal government. C. Industry leaders increased profits and concentrated wealth through corporate consolidation into trusts and holding companies. D. Producers increasingly looked beyond the United States borders to gain control over natural resources and international markets.

C. Industry leaders increased profits and concentrated wealth through corporate consolidation into trusts and holding companies.

The opinion in the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following arguments about the Fourteenth Amendment? A. It was determined to be an overreach of the power of the judicial branch. B. It was not needed because of the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment. C. It was necessary to protect the civil rights of African Americans. D. It was passed in response to Populist unrest in the Midwest.

C. It was necessary to protect the civil rights of African Americans.

The role of new technology in economic change in the late 1800s was most similar to the role of technology in which of the following earlier situations? A. The fur trade developed in the 1600s, fostering new forms of interactions between peoples. B. Trans-Atlantic commerce grew in the colonial era, taking advantage of navigational innovations. C. Manufacturing spread in the early 1800s, allowing more efficient production. D. Sharecropping emerged in the Reconstruction era, channeling farmers into new labor systems.

C. Manufacturing spread in the early 1800s, allowing more efficient production.

Demands for labor like that depicted in the image explains which of the following related effects? A. The economy declined because too much labor was being devoted to wartime industries. B. Immigrant laborers began leaving the United States because they could not find work in wartime industries. C. Men and women migrated from rural areas to cities in order to work in defense industries. D. Industrialists advocated for expanding United States colonial holdings to obtain more labor resources.

C. Men and women migrated from rural areas to cities in order to work in defense industries.

Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to modify the argument made in the excerpt? A. Preservationists sought to advocate for limiting the use of certain natural resources. B. New technologies improved the standard of living for many Americans. C. Population growth in the South slowed as many people moved to the North and West. D. Union membership increased as a result of changes in federal laws.

C. Population growth in the South slowed as many people moved to the North and West.

Which of the following pieces of evidence would refute Postel's claim in the last paragraph of the excerpt that the "corporate vision clashed with the Populist vision" for the United States economy in the late 1800s? A. Populists supported limitations on the railroad rates charged to farmers. B. Corporations recruited government support to oppose the formation of labor unions. C. Populists sought new markets for United States agricultural goods overseas. D. Corporations advocated that the federal government avoid regulation of the economy.

C. Populists sought new markets for United States agricultural goods overseas.

Mumford overlooks which of the following broader historical contexts that best explains why many Americans might have been attracted to the consistency and conformity of the suburbs? A. The rise of youth rebellion against middle class values helped expand a new consumer niche for products marketed directly to teenagers. B. Many Americans developed a more cosmopolitan outlook after experiencing cultures different from their own during the Second World War. C. Recent periods of economic depression and war encouraged many families to seek stability and security. D. The technological innovations available in new homes, such as air-conditioning and dishwashers, fostered a sense of social isolation for many women.

C. Recent periods of economic depression and war encouraged many families to seek stability and security.

Which of the following was the primary reason behind the change in United States military forces in Vietnam after 1969 as depicted in the graph? A. Following his election President Richard Nixon began an immediate de-escalation of the conflict and North and South Vietnam eventually signed a peace treaty. B. By shifting to a strategy more reliant on air raids and espionage, President Nixon was able to win the war with fewer soldiers. C. Responding to decreasing public support for the Vietnam War, President Nixon eventually withdrew United States troops without eliminating communism or uniting Vietnam. D. As part of his negotiation with China, President Nixon brought United States involvement in the Vietnam War to an end through diplomacy.

C. Responding to decreasing public support for the Vietnam War, President Nixon eventually withdrew United States troops without eliminating communism or uniting Vietnam.

In which of the following ways did the New Deal mark a departure from previous government practices? A. The New Deal relied on congressional legislation to enact reforms. B. The New Deal initiated the first regulations of the financial system. C. The New Deal actively used government power to stimulate economic recovery. D. The New Deal made African American civil rights central to its programs.

C. The New Deal actively used government power to stimulate economic recovery.

The excerpts could best be used to support which of the following criticisms about United States foreign policy during the Cold War? A. The United States took advantage of decolonization to gain more influence in a weakened Europe. B. The United States preferred to focus on domestic issues rather than on international concerns. C. The United States sometimes supported nondemocratic countries so long as they opposed communism. D. The United States devoted too much money and effort to fighting communism in newly independent countries.

C. The United States sometimes supported nondemocratic countries so long as they opposed communism.

The speech could best be used by a historian studying which of the following historical situations related to the First World War? A. The Senate debate over whether to join the League of Nations B. The role of the American Expeditionary Forces in combat alongside the Allies C. The changes in traditional ideas about United States noninvolvement in Europe D. The strategies pursued by Woodrow Wilson when negotiating the Treaty of Versailles

C. The changes in traditional ideas about United States noninvolvement in Europe

Which of the following best explains a key reason for rapid economic development during the Gilded Age? A. The adoption of beliefs of Social Darwinism helped justify inequalities of wealth. B. The creation of the sharecropping system improved agricultural production. C. The consolidation of large industries facilitated mass production. D. The growth of Populist political platforms encouraged economic reform.

C. The consolidation of large industries facilitated mass production.

Bodnar's and Ewen's overall arguments in the excerpts together best support which of the following conclusions? A. Most Americans embraced the arrival of new immigrants in the late 1800s. B. Warfare in Europe was a primary reason for immigration to the United States. C. The economic needs and social ambitions of young immigrants could be in conflict. D. The demand for inexpensive labor led industrialists to advocate increased immigration.

C. The economic needs and social ambitions of young immigrants could be in conflict.

Which of the following historical situations was the author responding to? A. The United States enactment of restrictive immigration policies B. The United States efforts to limit the influence of industrialists C. The increased involvement of the United States in Asia and the Pacific D. The United States response to demands from Progressive reformers

C. The increased involvement of the United States in Asia and the Pacific

People who disagreed at the time with the ideas expressed in the poem were most likely to advocate for which of the following government policies? A. Federal court decisions that made labor union strikes illegal B. New laws to increase local control over filling jobs in the civil service C. The passage of legislation to ban immigration from eastern Asia D. Federal support to protect the voting rights of African Americans

C. The passage of legislation to ban immigration from eastern Asia

Farmers generally responded to industrialization in the late nineteenth century in which of the following ways? A. They rejected the mechanization of agriculture in order to avoid farm workers becoming unemployed. B. They demanded legislation to reduce immigration so as to minimize competition for farmland. C. They backed political movements calling for limits on corporate power and government ownership of transportation. D. They challenged federal policies that set aside western land to establish reservations for American Indians.

C. They backed political movements calling for limits on corporate power and government ownership of transportation.

Evidence from the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following arguments about journalists during the Progressive Era? A. They were mainly interested in exposing the religious and moral failings of big business leaders. B. They focused exclusively on investigating urban political machines and corruption in city governments. C. They feared that unfair corporate practices were undermining smaller companies and promoting economic inequality. D. They celebrated corporations for enabling the United States to become the world's leading industrial economy.

C. They feared that unfair corporate practices were undermining smaller companies and promoting economic inequality.

Which of the following groups would have most objected to the development evidenced in the photograph? A. Anticommunists seeking to show the superiority of the United States B. Republican politicians opposed to the growth of federal spending C. Young people who rejected the homogenization of culture D. Civil rights activists protesting for voting rights

C. Young people who rejected the homogenization of culture

President Kennedy's primary goal in enacting the program described in the excerpt was most likely to A. increase the civic engagement and global activism of United States youth B. train a more determined and persistent United States workforce through challenging overseas service C. promote a free-market global economy through international aid to other nations D. encourage the adoption of the foreign policy of détente

C. promote a free-market global economy through international aid to other nations

At the time, Hoover's purpose in his testimony would have most likely been interpreted as attempting to convince Americans of the A. need to expand United States nuclear defenses B. danger exhibited by Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe C. threat posed by suspected communists within the United States D. links between domestic security and a prosperous consumer economy

C. threat posed by suspected communists within the United States

Which of the following would most likely be considered a significant limitation of the excerpt resulting from its purpose? A. Because the excerpt focuses on the Standard Oil Company's arrangements with railroads, it overlooks other practical ways that competing oil companies could transport their products. B. Because the excerpt examines the political and ethical effects of the Standard Oil Company's practices, it neglects to explain how the company operated. C. Because the excerpt focuses on the Standard Oil Company, it overlooks more potential concerns with the practices of other corporations and business leaders. D. Because the excerpt suggests that the Standard Oil Company was undemocratic and unethical, it overlooks the benefits of economic consolidation.

D. Because the excerpt suggests that the Standard Oil Company was undemocratic and unethical, it overlooks the benefits of economic consolidation.

The ideas in the excerpt are most directly situated within the context of United States efforts to do which of the following in the period after the Civil War? A. Establish a colonial presence overseas B. End Reconstruction policies in the South C. Encourage settlement west of the Mississippi River D. Extend international influence through trade

D. Extend international influence through trade

Which of the following developments best explains a cause of the historical process described in the excerpt? A. Nativists rejected the use of immigrant workers for transportation infrastructure construction. B. Plantation owners sought improved transportation to expand the sharecropping system. C. Difficult working conditions prompted transportation workers to call for the creation of labor unions. D. Government subsidies facilitated the construction of transportation and communication networks.

D. Government subsidies facilitated the construction of transportation and communication networks.

Which of the following best explains a similarity between the characteristics of immigration described in the poem and earlier immigration to the United States? A. Immigrants were often enslaved as laborers in northern factories and mills. B. Immigrants typically acquired their own plots of land and became subsistence farmers. C. Immigrants frequently relied on settlement houses to help them adjust to their new surroundings. D. Immigrants compromised between the cultures they brought and the cultures they found in the United States.

D. Immigrants compromised between the cultures they brought and the cultures they found in the United States.

Which of the following best explains the factor that most directly prompted United States entry into the Second World War in 1941 ? A. Isolationism was no longer popular among Americans. B. The European continent was in desperate need of aid. C. Nazi Germany declared war on the United States. D. Japan attacked the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor.

D. Japan attacked the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor.

Which of the following explains a similarity among reactions to the characteristics of immigration in the late 1800s described in the poem and reactions to earlier immigration to the United States? A. Social Darwinists argued that competition among immigrant workers would benefit the economy. B. Reformers sought to assist immigrants in maintaining the traditional cultures of their home countries. C. Religious leaders urged Americans to embrace the religious diversity created by Catholic immigrants. D. Nativists advocated that the government should reduce the power of immigrant voters in elections.

D. Nativists advocated that the government should reduce the power of immigrant voters in elections.

Which of the following explains a continuity in the effect of technological innovation on the production of goods in the late 1800s? A. Improved manufacturing practices gradually reduced reliance on immigrant workers. B. Improved quality of manufacturing steadily decreased demand for consumer goods. C. New types of transportation increasingly shifted industrial centers from the North to the South. D. New industrial machines increased the number of goods that factories could make.

D. New industrial machines increased the number of goods that factories could make.

The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following historical situations in urban areas in the late 1800s? A. Working people demanded increased access to higher education. B. Many social elites also accessed public leisure spaces in cities. C. Traditional methods of urban planning and recreation remained dominant. D. New public spaces were designed to enhance urban environments.

D. New public spaces were designed to enhance urban environments.

The purpose of the speech in the excerpt best supports which of the following arguments about United States foreign policy in the 1910s? A. The United States desired to impose harsh peace terms on the Central Powers after the end of First World War. B. Political leaders sought to maintain the traditional distance of the United States from international diplomacy. C. The United States engaged in warfare to acquire overseas colonies to support economic growth. D. Political leaders advocated applying democratic principles to relationships between countries.

D. Political leaders advocated applying democratic principles to relationships between countries.

Addams' point of view in the excerpt can be used to support which of the following arguments about social reformers during the Gilded Age? A. Social reformers were most active in the Midwest. B. Social reformers achieved many legislative reforms. C. Social reformers opposed continued immigration to the United States. D. Social reformers explored connections between different social problems.

D. Social reformers explored connections between different social problems.

The purpose of the image best helps explain which of the following effects on United States foreign relations? A. The United States sought to encourage immigration of highly skilled workers to work in wartime industries. B. The United States attempted to influence postwar peace settlements by promising to train female workers in war-ravaged countries. C. The United States faced tariffs from foreign governments because the latter believed employing women was an unfair labor practice. D. The United States and its allies won the war in part because they had sufficient military supplies.

D. The United States and its allies won the war in part because they had sufficient military supplies.

Which of the following long-term developments in the second half of the 1800s best helps to explain the change in United States culture depicted in the excerpt? A. Some Americans began to move away from urban areas to form utopian communities. B. The formation of farmers' cooperatives increased resistance to the business practices of corporations. C. Some wealthy Americans used the doctrine of Social Darwinism began to justify economic inequality. D. The creation of new manufacturing methods allowed factories to greatly increase production.

D. The creation of new manufacturing methods allowed factories to greatly increase production.

The excerpt can best be used to explain which of the following situations that resulted from the Spanish-American War? A. The expanded use of international communication technologies B. The growing influence of groups advocating for isolationism C. The creation of international organizations to mediate diplomatic conflicts D. The emergence of nationalist movements in areas under United States control

D. The emergence of nationalist movements in areas under United States control

Mumford's argument in the excerpt does not account for which of the following historical factors that most directly explains the rise of the suburbs in the United States? A. Growth of public transportation in most major urban areas B. Increased access to higher education opportunities C. The government's recognition of labor unions in many industries D. The necessity of having an automobile to travel to work

D. The necessity of having an automobile to travel to work

The expansion of African American rights during the Great Society was most similar to which of the following earlier situations? A. The federal support for unionization of workers in the 1930s B. The new laws protecting consumer rights in the 1900s C. The end of property requirements for voting during the Jacksonian era D. The passage of constitutional amendments during Reconstruction

D. The passage of constitutional amendments during Reconstruction

The excerpt could best be used by a historian studying which of the following historical developments? A. The reasons for the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in the later 1700s B. The reduction in western land made available for White settlement in the later 1800s C. The arguments used by politicians in support of Reconstruction policies in the late 1800s D. The persistence of popular isolationist sentiment in the United States in the early 1900s

D. The persistence of popular isolationist sentiment in the United States in the early 1900s

The point of view expressed in the excerpt most directly contributes to a historical understanding of which of the following issues? A. The impact of new communications technologies on United States foreign relations B. The influence of the development of atomic weaponry on United States diplomatic policy C. The challenge posed to domestic economic growth by international migration D. The role of the United States in the establishment of postwar peace settlements

D. The role of the United States in the establishment of postwar peace settlements

Which of the following contexts helps to explain the economic changes that contributed to the production of the excerpt? A. Women were increasingly selling goods produced in domestic settings. B. The federal government established relief programs to aid unemployed women. C. Women were leaving factory jobs for farming labor. D. Women experienced growing opportunities to earn wages.

D. Women experienced growing opportunities to earn wages.

The House Un-American Activity Committee (HUAC)'s interpretation of Hoover's testimony most likely influenced the committee to A. approve significant increases in the FBI's budget B. disregard Hoover's testimony as unreliable C. criticize Hoover for political bias and inaccurate information gathering D. investigate communism in labor unions and industries such as filmmaking

D. investigate communism in labor unions and industries such as filmmaking