APUSH Review

Which of the following statements characterizes the economic consequences of the Vietnam War? a. During the Johnson years, the war consumed half the proportion of gross national product (GNP) consumed by World War II at its height. b. The United States in the 1960s was so prosperous that the war had almost no adverse economic consequences. c. In the summer of 1966, Johnson asked for—and Congress approved—a 20 percent surcharge on individual and corporate income taxes. d. By 1968, the U.S. economy was entering a severe inflationary spiral that would last more than a decade.

d. By 1968, the U.S. economy was entering a severe inflationary spiral that would last more than a decade.

Which of the following correctly links a law or a court decision to the benefit that it accorded women? a. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1970)—increased women's access to school sports and athletic competition b. Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)—overturned state laws that allowed an abortion only if a woman's life were in danger c. Title IX (1972)—overturned state laws against the sale of contraceptives to single persons d. Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974)—significantly increased women's access to credit

d. Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974)—significantly increased women's access to credit

In 1972, the Democratic nominee for the presidency was a. Edmund Muskie. b. Hubert Humphrey. c. Edward Kennedy. d. George McGovern.

d. George McGovern.

Which of the following was a lasting outcome of Johnson's Great Society programs? a. Ending entrenched poverty in America b. Decreasing racial segregation in the largest cities c. Reducing the outsourcing of manufacturing jobs to other countries d. Improving access to health care for the poor and elderly Americans

d. Improving access to health care for the poor and elderly Americans

Which of the following describes the 1964 U.S. presidential election? a. The Republicans nominated Nelson Rockefeller. b. Robert Kennedy, JFK's brother, was Johnson's running mate. c. After only a brief time in office, Johnson won by a narrow margin. d. Johnson's landslide victory gave him a mandate to fulfill his political program.

d. Johnson's landslide victory gave him a mandate to fulfill his political program.

Johnson's Great Society program had a great deal in common with the a. New Frontier. b. Square Deal. c. New Freedom. d. New Deal.

d. New Deal.

In 1968, the liberal who presented the Democratic Party's best chance for reunification was a. Eugene McGovern. b. Hubert Humphrey. c. Lyndon Johnson. d. Robert F. Kennedy.

d. Robert F. Kennedy.

Which of the following was an achievement of the Johnson administration? a. The interstate highway system b. Federal health insurance for all Americans c. The Alliance for Progress d. The National Endowment for the Humanities

d. The National Endowment for the Humanities

The women's liberation movement emerged out of a. the union movement. b. suburban women's groups. c. the Democratic Party. d. the New Left.

d. the New Left.

Which of the following was the purpose of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? a. To authorize the president to take any action necessary to prevent further aggression in Vietnam b. To declare that "we are not going to send American boys . . . to do what Asian boys ought to do for themselves" c. To outline the Johnson administration's plans for bombing Hanoi with a nuclear weapon d. To give congressional approval for using the herbicide Agent Orange in the jungles of Vietnam

a. To authorize the president to take any action necessary to prevent further aggression in Vietnam

Which group of American women had continued to organize around feminist issues in the 1950s? a. Trade union women b. Women in higher education c. Dissatisfied housewives d. Civil rights activists

a. Trade union women

Which of the following is true about the Vietnam War? a. The Eisenhower Doctrine led the United States into the conflict. b. By the late 1960s, many Americans believed it was unwinnable. c. Vietnam's situation was simple: democracy or communism. d. More men died in Vietnam than in both world wars.

b. By the late 1960s, many Americans believed it was unwinnable.

Which justice led the U.S. Supreme Court as it shifted toward advocacy of civil rights and civil liberties after 1954? a. Warren Burger b. Earl Warren c. Thurgood Marshall d. Roger Taney

b. Earl Warren

The presidential candidate most explicitly identified with the issue of segregation in 1968 was a. Richard Nixon. b. George Wallace. c. Hubert Humphrey. d. Lyndon Johnson.

b. George Wallace.

Which element of Barry Goldwater's campaign platform did American voters find particularly alienating in the election of 1964? a. His explicitly racist opposition to civil rights b. His approach to foreign policy c. His plan to alter the structure of the Supreme Court d. Goldwater's emphasis on small government

b. His approach to foreign policy

Which of the following was a goal of President Johnson's environmental reforms? a. Modernizing the Yellowstone and Yosemite national parks b. Improving the nation's air and water c. Banning offshore oil drilling d. Creating an environmental protection agency

b. Improving the nation's air and water

What was the outcome of the 1968 presidential election? a. George Wallace won 42.7 percent of the popular vote. b. Richard Nixon won the presidency by a narrow margin of the popular vote. c. The election was decided in the House of Representatives. d. Richard Nixon carried all but two states and won in an electoral landslide.

b. Richard Nixon won the presidency by a narrow margin of the popular vote.

Which of the following describes the Christmas bombings of 1972? a. They won important concessions for the United States. b. The attacks were the most intense of the Vietnam War. c. The strategy finally brought peace with honor. d. They were designed to force North Vietnam to capitulate.

b. The attacks were the most intense of the Vietnam War.

What was the outcome of the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam in 1973 and 1974? a. All of Southeast Asia fell to communism. b. Vietnam became communist but remained an independent nation. c. The USSR felt confident in making Vietnam a satellite government. d. China took control over the new communist Vietnam.

b. Vietnam became communist but remained an independent nation.

Richard Nixon's 1968 campaign for the presidency emphasized a. his longtime political commitment to fighting domestic communism. b. a claim to represent the "quiet voice" of "forgotten Americans." c. his southern background and frustrations with the black civil rights movement. d. a strong commitment to continuing Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs.

b. a claim to represent the "quiet voice" of "forgotten Americans."

Richard Nixon's landslide victory in the election of 1972 signaled a. the end of the New Deal programs. b. a major political realignment in the United States. c. the defeat of the civil rights movement. d. a shift away from the policies of the Cold War.

b. a major political realignment in the United States.

In his third-party presidential campaign in 1968, George Wallace a. concentrated only on rallying white southerners who were opposed to the civil rights movement. b. defined several hot-button issues that Republicans would exploit in future elections. c. proclaimed that "there is no substitute for victory" and promised to win the war in Vietnam. d. assumed a "plague on both your houses" stance by criticizing both pro- and antiwar protests.

b. defined several hot-button issues that Republicans would exploit in future elections.

The 1963 report of the President's Commission on the Status of Women a. criticized President Kennedy for having appointed so few women to leadership positions. b. documented discrimination against women in the workplace and in education. c. appealed for women's reproductive freedom, including freedom to choose an abortion. d. introduced the words feminism and sexism to the nation's vocabulary.

b. documented discrimination against women in the workplace and in education.

The four college students killed by National Guardsmen at Kent State University been protesting a. urban unrest and riots by African Americans. b. expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia. c. Vietnamization. d. the draft.

b. expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia.

The 1969 Stonewall riot in New York City was a spontaneous protest led by a. the homeless. b. gay people. c. Catholic immigrants. d. women liberationists.

b. gay people.

President Johnson shocked the American public on March 31, 1968, by announcing that a. he was sending 206,000 additional troops to Vietnam. b. he would not seek reelection. c. he had significantly increased the bombing of North Vietnam. d. there was no substitute for victory in Vietnam.

b. he would not seek reelection.

The Immigration Act of 1965 a. raised the quotas allocated to immigrant groups previously viewed as undesirable. b. replaced the national quotas system of the 1920s with nondiscriminatory numerical limits. c. allowed unrestricted immigration for everyone except Mexicans and Central Americans. d. allowed unrestricted immigration from all regions of the world.

b. replaced the national quotas system of the 1920s with nondiscriminatory numerical limits.

By the 1970s, schools in northern cities were more racially segregated than schools in the South because of a. busing. b. suburbanization. c. evangelical Christianity. d. northern liberalism.

b. suburbanization.

My Lai became a national issue in the United States in 1969 and was a. the site of an important battle in the Vietnam War. b. the site of the massacre of nearly 500 villagers by American soldiers. c. the ancient capital of Vietnam and a center of Buddhist antiwar protest. d. a town captured during the Tet offensive.

b. the site of the massacre of nearly 500 villagers by American soldiers.

What was the outcome of Operation Rolling Thunder in 1965? a. It broke the war open for the United States and its South Vietnamese allies. b. The operation severely limited the Vietcong's ability to wage war. c. It intensified North Vietnamese nationalism and hardened their will to fight. d. The plan allowed the United States to reduce the number of troops in Vietnam gradually.

c. It intensified North Vietnamese nationalism and hardened their will to fight.

Which of the following describes the 1968 Democratic Party National Convention? a. Martin Luther King was the meeting's keynote speaker. b. Robert Kennedy was assassinated there after receiving the nomination. c. It took place in Chicago alongside major antiwar protests. d. The party nominated Eugene McCarthy over Hubert Humphrey.

c. It took place in Chicago alongside major antiwar protests.

Which of the following describes the group known as the Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)? a. The YAF held hundreds of marches and strikes on college campuses. b. The group actively protested against the Vietnam War. c. It was the largest student group in the nation in the 1960s. d. The YAF idolized and imitated the black power movement.

c. It was the largest student group in the nation in the 1960s.

Which of the following contributed to the powerful mystique that followed the presidency of John F. Kennedy? a. Kennedy's propensity for adultery b. His wartime injuries c. Kennedy's 1963 assassination d. His bold push for civil rights

c. Kennedy's 1963 assassination

Which of the following describes the death rate of American soldiers in Vietnam by 1968? a. Almost one hundred Americans died per month. b. It had begun to decline due to a change in American tactics. c. The American death rate had reached several hundred per week. d. After a decrease, it began to grow again due to suicide.

c. The American death rate had reached several hundred per week.

Which of the following caused the death of Johnson's War on Poverty? a. Southern conservatives b. Black activism c. The Vietnam War d. The American Medical Association

c. The Vietnam War

Which of the following is true of Lyndon Johnson's administration? a. Despite his efforts, his controversial health-care plan did not pass through Congress. b. His wife Lady Bird influenced him as much as Eleanor Roosevelt had influenced FDR. c. The Vietnam War undermined his commitment to the War on Poverty and his presidency. d. His appointments showed his commitment to the importance of gender and ethnic diversity.

c. The Vietnam War undermined his commitment to the War on Poverty and his presidency.

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education case triggered a judicial revolution in which the Court began to focus on suits related to a. corporations' rights. b. property. c. civil liberties. d. states' rights.

c. civil liberties.

From 1969 to 1972, Richard Nixon's strategy to end the Vietnam War was to a. threaten war with China and North Korea in hopes they would cut off military aid to North Vietnam. b. wait until the 1972 election so he could make peace without being punished at the polls for the subsequent communist takeover of South Vietnam. c. reduce American troop involvement and turn over most of the ground fighting to the South Vietnamese army. d. work with the Soviet Union to settle the war on terms that would leave communists in power but not give the advantage to China.

c. reduce American troop involvement and turn over most of the ground fighting to the South Vietnamese army.

Young adults' revolt against authority and middle-class respectability in the 1960s was exemplified by a. the New Left. b. the Port Huron Statement. c. the counterculture. d. Young Americans for Freedom.

c. the counterculture.

The Free Speech Movement at Berkeley began in response to a. the University of California's emphasis on teaching the humanities from a leftist point of view. b. the efforts of the Students for a Democratic Society to organize among the university's students. c. the university ban on political activities by students on university property. d. police efforts to empty a vacant lot that had been turned into a "people's park."

c. the university ban on political activities by students on university property.

At the height of the Vietnam War, the United States stationed approximately how many troops in Vietnam? a. 50,000 b. 100,000 c. 250,000 d. 500,000

d. 500,000

In the 1968 election and during the Nixon administration, the expression "silent majority" was used to refer to a. Americans who secretly wished for withdrawal from Vietnam. b. those who were too apathetic to vote. c. southerners who supported the Vietnam War and white supremacy. d. Americans who were hardworking and avoided protest activities.

d. Americans who were hardworking and avoided protest activities.

Women's liberation activists modeled their ideas, goals, and tactics after the a. Black Power movement. b. National Organization for Women. c. gay liberation movement. d. New Deal Democrats.

a. Black Power movement.

Which of the following is paired correctly? a. Elementary and Secondary Education Act— federal funds for teacher training b. National Endowment for the Humanities—college scholarships c. Higher Education Act—end the quota system d. Medical Care Act—federally funded medical insurance for artists and scholars

a. Elementary and Secondary Education Act— federal funds for teacher training

Which of the following War on Poverty programs provided free nursery schools to prepare disadvantaged preschoolers for kindergarten? a. Head Start b. Community Action Program c. Upward Bound d. Job Corps

a. Head Start

Which of the following statements characterizes President Lyndon Johnson? a. In many ways, especially his personal history and political style, Lyndon Johnson was John F. Kennedy's opposite. b. Johnson was born into great wealth and had always believed he would one day become president. c. A hard-edged Texan, Johnson was a late and reluctant supporter of the civil rights movement. d. He was a young, dynamic politician who had a great ability to give inspirational speeches.

a. In many ways, especially his personal history and political style, Lyndon Johnson was John F. Kennedy's opposite.

Which of the following characterizes the 1968 Tet offensive? a. Many Americans changed their opinions of the war after the Tet offensive. b. It was a psychological victory for the United States. c. Saigon, the capitol of South Vietnam, briefly fell during the offensive. d. The American media refused to display the gruesome images from the Tet offensive.

a. Many Americans changed their opinions of the war after the Tet offensive.

Two of Nixon's greatest foreign policy successes were a. SALT I and restoring relations with Communist China. b. invading Cambodia and Vietnamization. c. détente and encouraging global human rights. d. the Tet offensive and the China policy.

a. SALT I and restoring relations with Communist China.

Which of the following describes Title IX? a. The legislation benefited women athletes. b. It was proposed by Phyllis Schlafly to limit equal pay legislation. c. The law came about as a result of Griswold v. Connecticut. d. It called for the government to buy the homes of Love Canal residents.

a. The legislation benefited women athletes.

Which of the following describes Johnson's War on Poverty? a. The program was Johnson's highest political priority, even more than civil rights advances. b. It permanently reestablished the old New Deal coalition first forged by FDR in the 1930s. c. The program was far more successful than even President Johnson could have expected. d. Unlike the New Deal, the program greatly altered the distribution of wealth in the United States.

a. The program was Johnson's highest political priority, even more than civil rights advances.