APUSH - Review Unit 7 (1890 - 1945) Early 20th Century
Why did Pres. Wilson create a 14 points plan?
(1918) Pres Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars.
At a meeting at Yalta in February 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed on what?
1.) Buffer Zone to protect Moscow (later regretted it because of the Iron Curtain) 2.) Borders 3.) Postwar settlements 4.) Created the United Nations
What were the points of Pres. Franklin Roosevelt's 1935 Second New Deal?
1.) Created Works Progress Admin (WPA) - generated more than 8 mil jobs 2.) Democratized Unions 3.) Broadened the powers of the National Labor Relations Board 4.) Punished Businesses with Anti-Unions Policies 5.) Created Social Security Admin - retirement 6.) Increased Taxes on the Wealthy 7.) Formed the New Deal Coalition
What were the points of Pres. Franklin Roosevelt's 1933 First New Deal?
1.) Emergency Banking Relief Bill 2.) FDIC insured bank deposits 3.) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)-paid farmers to cut their production 4.) Farm Credit Act - helped farmers save their farms 5.) National Industrial Recovery Act - dealt with overproduction 6.) Public Works Administration - built infrastructure ****was a success - wages rose & people could get jobs
What 2 things did Progressives advocate on the state level so voters would have more power?
1.) Gov. Robert La Follette from Wisconsin and the Ballot Initiative 2.) Referendum Initiative 2.) Recall Election
Why did the public not all like the New Deal?
1.) Increased Tax Rates 2.) Government Power over Business 3.) Relief programs removed incentive for poor to lift themselves out of poverty 4.) Increased Deficit Spending by government
The 3 Progressive US Presidents were....
1.) Teddy Roosevelt 2.) William Taft 3.) Woodrow Wilson
Explain the problems with Pres. Franklin Roosevelt's 2nd term....
1.) Tried to pack the courts by saying judges over 70 should retire 2.) 1937 - recession caused increased unemployment 3.) Agricultural Adjustment Act - eased up on the federal government contribution 4.) Fair Labor Standards Act - est. 40 hour work week ***took chances & continued to try things to help!
What were some groups that were active during this time period?
1.) W.E.B. Du Bois and the NAACP 2.) Margaret Sanger and the Feminist Movement
What things changed the culture in the 1920s?
1.) automobiles - (1929) 23 mil were registered in the US 2.) radios 3.) 15% females worked outside the home
Why was the Pure Food and Drug Act important?
1906 act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs
Why was the Cash and Carry Policy strategic?
1939 Law passed by Congress which allowed a nation at war to purchase goods and arms in US as long as they paid cash and carried merchandise on their own ships. This benefited the Allies, because Britain was a dominant naval power.
Explain the change in women's jobs during WWI....
20% of factory manufacturing jobs were held by women; many changed from domestic work to factory work.
How many terms did Pres. Franklin Roosevelt serve?
3 terms
Why were the Palmer Raids in 1920 used?
A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities.
Why was the Sick Chicken Case important to Pres. Roosevelt?
A US Supreme Court Case that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry as an unconstitutional executive use of Congress's power. It found the NRA (National Recovery Act) to be unconstitutional in this use of power.
Describe the Harlem Renaissance....
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art, music, and literature flourished; popularization of Jazz. Most popular musician was trumpeter Louis Armstrong.
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
A sentimental triumph of the 1920s peace movement, this 1928 pact linked 62 nations in the supposed "outlaw of war."
Why was the Panama Canal important?
A ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914); saved shipping time.
Explain WWII (when and who was involved)....
A war fought from 1939 - 1945 between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allies (France and Britain, and later the Soviet Union and US). Rosie the Riveter was popular; internment camps in US for Japanese and Germans.
MFN (Most Favored Nation)
A way for a country to give the lowest tariff rates it offers on all goods to another country.
Explain Welfare Capitalism....
An approach to labor relations in which companies meet some of their workers' needs without prompting by unions, thus preventing strikes and keeping productivity high.
Henry Ford perfected the....
Assembly line (this brought down the cost of automobiles so many families could afford them).
Explain the Teapot Dome Scandal....
Corruption by a Harding cabinet member, who took bribes to allow oil drilling on public lands.
Why was the Committee on Public Information formed?
Created in 1917 to influence U.S. public opinion regarding American participation in World War I.
Explain the Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)....
Established the Federal Trade Commission to monitor business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling.
Why was there a World War I (1914-1918) and why did the US get involved?
European conflict challenges U.S. policy of neutrality; Allied (led by British) victory intended to make the world safe for democracy; US was involved in 1917 because sinking of the Lusitania (British passenger ship) by German U-boats & Americans died and the Zimmerman Telegraph sent by Germany encouraging Mexico to go to war with US.
What 3 authors were considered the "Lost Generation"?
F Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway Eugene O'Neill
Explain the Good Neighbor Policy....
FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region
What were Pres. Wilson's New Freedom Policies?
Federal government needed to have greater control over business in order to protect freedom for workers and consumers. He believed all Trusts were Monopolies; restored competition thru greater government regulation of the economy and lowered the Tariff.
Explain Pres. Taft's Dollar Diplomacy....
Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Why did Pres. Wilson create the Federal Reserve System?
Gave the government greater control over the nation's finances.
What was important about Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes decision in the Schenck vs US in 1919?
Holmes stated that one's freedom of speech was not absolute & could be taken away if their actions posed a "clear and present danger" EX. yelling fire in a crowded movie theater
What victories did the working class win on the state level?
Hours in Work Day Minimum Wage Child Labor Laws Urban Housing Codes
Where did the First meeting of the Big 3 happen? What did they plan?
In 1943 at Tehran where they planned the Normandy invasion & agreed to divide Germany into occupation zones after the war ends.
Why was the US vs. Butler (1936) important to Pres. Roosevelt?
It was a US Supreme Court ruling that power to regulate the agriculture belong to the State - Not the federal government. It made the AAA unconstitutional.
Tennessee forbids teaching evolution
John Thomas Scopes taught it anyway and was prosecuted and found guilty.
What were Muckrakers?
Journalists who exposed the atrocities and unfairness of urbanization at this time. EX. Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair
How were public relations in the 1920s?
KKK grew to 5 mil members; anti-immigration groups grew as well; US started setting quotas on immigration to reduce "foreign influence on the US"
Explain the Meat Inspection Act (1906)....
Made it so that meat would be inspected by the government from coral to can. It began a quality rating system as well as increased the sanitation requirements for meat producers.
What were some popular groups during the Progressive Era?
National Municipal League, National Women's Suffrage Association, and American Bar Association - they saw greed & corruption and wanted to change it.
When was the National Park Service created?
On August 25, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed the act creating the National Park Service, a new federal bureau in the Department of the Interior responsible for protecting the 35 national parks and monuments then managed by the department and those yet to be established.
Explain the attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)....
On December 7th 1941, Japan attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor forcing the U.S. to enter the war.
Why were the Neutrality Acts important?
Originally designed to avoid American involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those countries taking part in the conflict; they were later modified in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and other Allied nations.
Where were the Progressives from?
People from the North and were middle class with clout.
The most prominent Progressive Leader was....
Pres. Teddy Roosevelt (he succeeded McKinley after he was assassinated.
Why was the 17th Amendment important?
Public directly elected Senators.
Explain Roosevelt's "Big Stick Policy"......
Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policeman
Elective Training & Service Act
Selective Service System (draft) and provided 10 mil soldiers for the war effort
Explain the Lodge Reservations....
Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge accepts Treaty of Versailles but wants to "republicanize" it by adding in a bunch of reservations, 14 to be exact, safeguarding US under Monroe Doctrine to protect US sovereignty
Why was the Tripartite Pact (1940) needed?
Signed between the Axis powers in 1940 (Italy, Germany and Japan) where they pledged to help the others in the event of an attack by the US
Why was the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) important?
Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by spelling out specific activities businesses could not do
Jazz Age/Roaring 20's
The 1920's decade known for new social boundaries and opulence, but also was an "age of contradictions" EX. Department Stores, Car Industry
Why did the Great Depression occur?
The Great Depression occurred due to three main reasons: falling demand, Federal Reserve Board, and financial crisis. Falling demand led to overproduction, which in turn caused factories to cut back on production, workers lost their jobs. When the Federal Reserve Board raised interest rates, people bought less and invested less. The stock market crashed due to this. The financial crisis of 1929 aggravated the downward cycle. Government regulation wasn't as it shown have been. Produce prices dropped 50%; creation of Shanty Towns "Hoovervilles".
Why did the US drop Atomic Bombs on Japan?
The United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; the led the Japanese to surrender and helped bring and end to WWII.
Why were the Labor Disputes Act of 1943 important?
The government exerted greater control of labor. This was passed in reaction to a disconcerting number of strikes in essential industries. It allowed government takeover of businesses deemed necessary to national security, which gave the government authority to settle labor disputes.
When was Prohibition?
The period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment.
What is Protectionism?
The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.
Why was the Treaty of Versailles important?
The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations to be paid by Germans and created the formation of the League of Nations.
Describe the US and Soviet Union relations during WWII and after...
They got along during WWII but were not friendly towards the end and after the war was over, they had their own interests and would not be close.
Why was the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (1934) important?
This act reversed traditional high-protective-tariff policies by allowing the president to negotiate lower tariffs with trade partners, without Senate approval. Its chief architect was Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who believed that tariff barriers choked off foreign trade.
Why was the Lease Act (1941) important?
This allowed Roosevelt to sell or lend war materials to certain nations (especially Britain since had no money to buy things).
Progressive Era
Time at the turn of the 20th century in which groups sought to reform America economically, socially, and politically.
Why was the FBI created?
To investigate cases of communism and the spread of communist ideas during the Russian Revolution.
Why was the League of Nations created?
To prevent another World War & maintain peace.
Why did the Espionage and Sedition Acts draw public resentment?
Two laws enacted to impose harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S participation in WW1. Public was upset because this went against their 1st Amendment right.
What happened in 1941 involving Japan?
US broke Japanese secret communication codes & knew they planning an attack.
Gangster Era (1920s)
refers to the Prohibition era
Spanish Flu Pandemic 1918-1919
the upwards of 40 million casualties created a keen sense of life's brevity in 20th Century youth
What were the characteristics of Flappers?
waistless dresses no corsets dresses above the knee wrists full of bracelets cut their hair short smoked & drank in public