APUSH Semester 1 Final Study MCQ's

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. In Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that (A) the Cherokees had to submit to Georgia state law (B) the Cherokees were not a foreign nation, but rather were wards (areas under the control) of the federal government (C) the Cherokees were a foreign nation and were not subject to the laws of Georgia (D) the federal government had the right to remove the Indians west of the Mississippi (E) Andrew Jackson had to follow the orders of the Supreme Court or would be impeached. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

. In its economic relationship with its North American colonies, Great Britain followed the principles of 18th-century mercantilism by (A) outlawing the African slave trade (B) limiting the colonies' trade with other nations (C) encouraging the development of manufacturing in the colonies (D) establishing laws against business monopolies (E) promoting free trade between all nations and colonies

. The Cherokee of Georgia were forced off their land because (A) they refused to assimilate to the "American" way of life (B) gold was discovered in their territory and Georgians demanded that the Indian Removal Act be enforced. (C) the Supreme Court refused to hear their cases. (D) the Seminole tribe, their traditional enemy, conquered their territory. (E) Georgie refused to obey President Jackson's request that they allow the Cherokee to keep their land. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

. The Grimke sisters (A) Like many women in the antislavery movement became involved in the movement for women's rights (B) Were South Carolinians who strongly supported slavery (C) Believed that women should be content with their "separate sphere." (D) Assisted Mother Ann Lee in establishing the Shaker movement. (E) Wanted to raise tariffs. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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. The Missouri Compromise contained all of the following provisions EXCEPT (A) Maine would enter the Union as a free state. (B) Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state (C) Slavery would be barred in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of a 36 degree, 30 line (D) Northerners promised to respect a new Fugitive Slave Act. (E) None of the above (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

. The Monroe Doctrine stated that the United States (A) Was not concerned with the type of government other countries might have (B) Was concerned only with the type of government that the countries of the Western Hemisphere might have. (C) Would not tolerate any new European colonization in the western hemisphere (D) Was prepared militarily to drive out by force any European power that did not give up its already established colonies in the Western Hemisphere. (E) Would continue to seek alliances with European countries. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

. The Oneida Community (the Shakers) in upstate New York, and New Harmony in Indiana were similar in that they (A) were religious communities inspired by the Second Great Awakening (B) demonstrated the attraction of communism to many Americans (C) failed because they practiced political and social equality within their own communities. (D) were stops along the Undergrond Railroad that aided fugitive slaves (E) were utopian communities designed to upgrade from the effects of a growing commercial society. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

. The data presented in the two tables shown above suggests that between 1816 and 1828 a shift of political positions on tariff policy occurred in (A) the South and Southwest only (B) the Middle States (C) New England (D) the West (E) New England and the South and Southwest (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

A divisive issue which contributed to the creation of the first American political party was A) ratification of the Constitution B) the right/power of the federal government to tax imports C) the status of slavery on the federal territories D) passage of a Bill of Rights E) Alexander Hamilton's financial program

A major factor that hurt the early development of the Jamestown colony prior to 1610 was (A) the obsessive search for gold by the first settlers. (B) the unwillingness of the local Indian tribes to assist the settlers. (C) fear of attack by Spanish forces (D) the settlers' preoccupation with planting tobacco (E) the failure of the Virginia Company to send supply ships

A major reason why Thomas Jefferson was interested in purchasing Louisiana from France was that he (A) wanted to establish a precedent for the expansion of presidential authority (B) wanted an area beyond the Mississippi River to which eastern Native Americans (Indians) could be moved (C) had learned from Lewis and Clark of the untapped mineral resources in western areas (D) hoped to cement a Franco-American alliance against the British (E) hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

A writ of assistance (A) helped colonial merchants cut through the red tape of imperial trade regulations. (B) allowed the British, on suspicion, to go through a colonial merchant's house in search of illegal goods. (C) required prosecutors to present evidence of probable cause for suspicion of smuggling. (D) required that specified colonial products be landed in Britain before being shipped to other countries. (E) stated that all colonies needed to establish a new judicial system.

During the seventeenth century, French settlements in North America were primarily (A) permanent fishing villages shipping fish to the Catholic countries of Europe (B) shipbuilding centers located near the sources of naval stores (C) commercial agricultural centers depending upon the exporting of wheat and corn (D) forts and trading stations serving the fur traders (E) set up to convert Native Americans to Christianity.

In general, most Europeans considered the Indians to be (A) descendants of one of the lost tribes of Israel (B) survivors of the ancient civilization of Atlantis (C) equals to the Europeans (D) savages who were inferior beings. (E) innocent "children" who should not be contaminated by European civilization.

A (I think)

All of the following contributed to the coming of the War of 1812 EXCEPT: (A) The Chesapeake-Leopard Incident (B) The concerns of Western Americans that the Indian raids they suffered were being carried out with British encouragement. (C) The armed confrontation between U.S. and British forces along the Maine-Canada border (D) The British impressments of American sailors from American ships on the high seas (E) "Warhawks" in Congress asking for James Madison to declare war. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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In general, most Europeans considered the Indians to be A. descendants of one of the lost tribes of Israel B. survivors of the ancient civilization of Atlantis C. equals to the Europeans D. savages who were inferior beings. E. innocent "children" who should not be contaminated by European civilization. (PERIOD 1 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND INITIAL CONTACT)

In his "Farewell Address" of 1796, George Washington warned against (A) deficit spending by the government (B) foreign alliances and treaties and the formation of political parties (C) excessive use of executive power (D) protests by Western farmers over excise taxes (E) government reliance on excise taxes

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In pursuing the purchase of the Louisiana territory, Jefferson violated this principle that he had rigidly insisted on earlier when creating the political party, the Democratic-Republicans: (A) Nullification (B) Rights of Native-Americans (C) "no manifest destiny" (D) Strict interpretation of the Constitution (E) Judicial Review (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

In the 1790's political conflict between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, Jefferson would have been more likely to A) Take a strict interpretation or be a strict constructionist of the Constitution B) Favor Britain over France in European Wars C) Favor the establishment of a National Bank D) Win the cooperation of presidents George Washington and John Adams E) Oppose the efforts of Citizen Genet in America

In the 1790s political conflict between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson would have been more likely to (A) take a strict interpretation or be a strict constructionist of the Constitution (B) favor Britain over France in European wars (C) favor the establishment of a national bank (D) win the cooperation of presidents George Washington and John Adams (E) oppose the efforts of Citizen Genet in America

I think D

All of the following statements are true of the proslavery argument EXCEPT for the statement that it A. Emphasized the economic profitability of slavery. B. Was discussed and protected by stories within the bible. C. Claimed that southern slaves were better cared for than northern factory workers. D. Pointed out that the great civilizations of the past such as ancient Greece and Rome depended on slave labor. E. Slavery was a positive good rather than a necessary evil.

Either B or E not sure

All of the following were consequences of the French and Indian War EXCEPT: (A) Britain was left with a very large war debt and was desperate to find a way to pay it down. (B) Coastal colonists became more aggressive about moving into the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. (C) France lost all of its possessions in North America but kept some sugar islands in the Caribbean. (D) The Iroquois and other tribes lost their ability to balance Britain and France against each other. (E) The coastal colonies were transformed into royal colonies with appointed governors.

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Andrew Jackson's election in 1828 is seen by many historians to represent (Hint: It's the idea behind Jacksonian Democracy) (A) the end of the Federalist party in America (B) the rise of individualism, the common man, and popular democracy (more people voting) in America (C) the first true consolidation of federal power over the states since the drafting of the Constitution. (D) the beginnings of a genuine American aristocracy in government (E) the low point of power for the executive branch of government in the 1800s (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The sharecropping system in the South during and after Reconstruction had the effect of A. Pushing tenant (renting) farmers and poor independent farmers into deep levels of debt to large landowners and merchants. B. Allowing many former slaves and poor white farmers, who could have never otherwise owned land, to buy their own farms C. Moving many former slaves and poor white tenant (renting) farmers into the middle class D. Changing the basic attitudes of Whites and Blacks who were now forced to work side by side farming the same land.

Andrew Jackson's remark, "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it" refers to the president's intention to (A) Destroy the National Bank despite the Supreme Court ruling upholding its constitutionality. (B) Use force, if necessary, to make South Carolina obey federal laws that it thought unconstitutional (C) Move the Cherokees west of the Mississippi River, regardless of Supreme Court rulings. (D) Disregard Chief Justice Marshall's ruling in Marbury v. Madison. (E) Not follow the Supreme Court's upholding of South Carolina's nullification of tariffs. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

In the Declaration of Independence, whom did the Americans indict for "repeated injuries and usurpations"? (A) Parliament, because of the oppressive legislation that it had passed over ten years. (B) King George III, because of the crown's apparent intention to establish absolute authority over the colonies (C) The colonists who continued to support the King, because they were helping the British army. (D) British merchants, because their drive for personal profits caused them to ignore the greater good of the empire (E) The king's prime ministers, because they had refused to compromise and had turned the king and Parliament against the colonies.

New York was an English colony because the (A) English conquered the area from the Dutch. (B) English settlers in the area gradually overwhelmed the French and Swedes. (C) Dutch and Swedes of the area petitioned the English to annex the colony. (D) England laid claim to the area by the right of colonization. (E) Treaty of Versailles gave the area to the English.

One mound-building culture, Cahokia, supported perhaps 40,000 people near what modern-day city? A. New York City B. Mexico City C. St. Louis D. Seattle E. Miami (PERIOD 1 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND INITIAL CONTACT)

One way that the leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony encouraged the younger generation to join the church was by writing (A) The Mayflower Compact (B) The Fundamental Orders (C) The Slave Codes of Virginia (D) The Halfway Covenant (E) The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649

Pidgin was the A. Language forced upon the slaves by their white masters B. Language of American-born slaves C. Area in Africa where most slaves originated. D. Secret handshakes and codes used in the Underground Railroad

Pilgrims came to America primarily in order to (A) practice their beliefs without fear of punishment (B) create a self-governing colony (C) settle in Massachusetts (D) convert the natives to Christianity (E) acquire land west of the Mississippi River

B (I think)

The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following?. (A) The granting of suffrage to non church members (B) The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans (C) The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church (D) The granting of full membership in the Congregational church to all New Englanders (E) The posting of banns by engaged couples

Not C

The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 provided for (A) the tolerance of most Christian churches. (B) an end to tax support for any church (C) a complete separation of church and state (D) the extension of the vote to Jews and non-Christians. (E) allowing for women priests in the Catholic church.

The Mayflower Compact is important to the concept of a democratic society because it represents (A) an effort by the colonists to use force to resist the King (B) a clear step toward self-government (C) an early attempt to establish universal suffrage (the right to vote) (D) an attempt by the colonists to establish freedom of religion (E) a creation of a government that would allow women to participate.

The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following? (A) Introduced a tax on tea. (B) Prohibited colonists from producing iron for the American market. (C) Forbade all colonial trade with the French West Indies. (D) Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle. (E) Announced the reorganization of the colonial office under Parliament, rather than directly under the King-in-Council

The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments called for (A) State tax support for public schools. (B) Equal rights for women. (C) Immediate abolition of slavery (D) Humane treatment of the mentally ill and establishment of insane asylums for their care. (E) Reforms of penitentiaries and asylums (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The Supreme Court's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland I. weakened the implied (elastic) powers of the Congress II. asserted the principle of strict and limited interpretation of the Constitution III. confirmed the Hamiltonian, or "loose" interpretation of the Constitution IV. established the constitutionality of Congresses ability to create a Bank of the United States (A) I only (B) I and III only (C) III and IV only (D) I, II, III, and IV (E) II only (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The War of 1812 had all of the following effects EXCEPT: (A) It led to an increased and more active American role in colonizing other parts of the world. (B) In strengthened American industrial and manufacturing production. (C) It restored a sense of pride in most Americans and led to a wave of nationalism throughout the country after the conclusion of the war. (D) It destroyed the power of the Indian tribes in the Northwest Territory. (E) It virtually destroyed the Federalist party as a credible opposition to the Republican party. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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The canal building period of the 1820s resulted primarily from (A) the need for a more effective public transportation system between major Northeastern cities and towns (B) speculators trying to find a quick and cheap method of moving European immigrants to unexplored frontiers in the West. (C) the need to move U.S. naval forces quickly from the Atlantic to the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River (D) a shortage of usable fresh water in the trans-Appalachian states (E) the need for an economical method of shipping farm goods from the Western states and territories directly to Eastern markets (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The cartoon above served as A) Ben Franklin's exhortation to the colonies to unite against British Authority B) Ben Franklin's exhortation to the colonies to unite against the French C) The Committee of Correspondence's warning of the impending attack against the colonies D) The Slogan of the Sons of Liberty after the Boston Tea Party E) Thomas Paine's warning against political repression

The conditions shown in the native drawing (Sick People) are a result of which of the following developments in the 16th century? (A) The development of the European belief that Native Americans were "uncivilized." (B) The unintended consequences of the Columbian Exchange. (C) The native willingness to be passive victims. (D) The lack of nutritious food.

The controversy over the tariff during the late 1820s and early 1830s demonstrated that (A) New Englanders were more radical than Southerners, as they had been since the days of the American Revolution (B) Andrew Jackson favored states' rights over federal supremacy (C) economic sectionalism was a serious threat to national unity. (D) the system of checks and balances was flawed. (E) the Southern states were gaining political and economic power. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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The creator of the image would most likely agree with which of the following statements? (A) Jackson's natural leadership skills made him an ideal president. (B) Jackson's political actions were unconstitutional. (C) Jackson would have accepted internal improvements if Congress had consulted him. (D) Jackson was celebrated by the people because his foreign policies benefited the nation. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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The direction of the population movement that took place between 1790 and 1840 was from (A) the North to the South (B) the Atlantic coast to the areas between the Appalachians and the Mississippi, especially along waterways. (C) New England to California (D) the Old Northwest back to New England (E) from the South to New Spain/Mexico (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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The doctrine of nullification put forth by John C. Calhoun in The South Carolina Exposition and Protest published anonymously in 1828, held that (A) if a state judged a federal law to violate the Constitution, the state could declare the law null and void within its borders. (B) federal laws could be nullified only by amending the Constitution (C) the Supreme Court had the sole power to nullify state and federal laws through the process of judicial review (D) state and federal laws could be nullified only by the legislative bodies passing them (E) the citizens of a state in a called convention could nullify state laws if these laws contradicted federal policies. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because (A) the House of Representatives decided the election (B) a Supreme Court decision was required to remove the Federalists from power (C) voter turnout increased dramatically (D) the party in power stepped down peacefully after losing the election (E) force was required to get John Adams to leave the White House (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of seventeenth-century Puritans toward religious liberty? (A) Having suffered persecution in England, they extended toleration to everyone. (B) They tolerated all Protestant sects, but not Catholics. (C) They tolerated Catholics, but not Quakers. (D) They tolerated no one who expressed religious views varied from their own views. (E) They had no coherent views on religious liberty.

Which of the following person's is associated with Public-School Reform in the early 1800's? (A) Horace Mann (B) Dorothea Dix (C) William Lloyd Garrison (D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton (E) Sojourner Truth (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Which of the following statements about war goals is correct? A. To win the war, the South had to conquer and hold Union territory. B. To win the war, the Union had merely to capture key cities along the Mississippi River. C. To win the war, the South had to invade Washington D.C. D. To win the war, the North had to force the South to surrender and force them back into the Union.

. By the terms of the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812 (A) The United States gained Florida and a large amount of territory in Canada. (B) The British agreed to stop impressments and other violations of U.S. neutral rights (C) Neither the U.S. nor Britain gained territory or made concessions (neither gained or lost anything) (D) The British agreed to evacuate New Orleans and compensate the U.S. for burning Washington D.C. (E) The United States gained all of what was the Oregon Territory. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

A divisive issue which contributed to the creation of the first American political party system was (A) ratification of the Constitution (B) the right/power of the federal government to tax imports (C) the status of slavery in the federal territories (D) passage of a Bill of Rights (E) Alexander Hamilton's financial program

. In 1798 President John Adams delivered the following message to Congress: "I will never send another minister to France without assurances that he will be received, respected, and honored as the representative of a great, free, powerful, and independent nation." What event inspired this comment? (A) The Citizen Genet Affair (B) The XYZ Affair (C) Jay's Treaty (D) The Hartford Convention (E) The Pinckney Treaty

"My purpose is not to persuade children from their parents; men from their wives; nor servants from their masters: only, such as with free consent may be spared: But that each [English] parish, or village, in city or country, that will but apparel their fatherless children, of thirteen or fourteen years of age, or young married people, that have small wealth to live on; here by their labor may live exceeding well: provided always that first there be sufficient power to command them, . . . and sufficient masters (as carpenters, masons, fishers, fowlers, gardeners, husbandmen, sawyers, smiths, spinsters, tailors, weavers, and such like) to take ten, twelve, or twenty, or as is their occasion, for apprentices. The masters by this may quickly grow rich; these [apprentices] may learn their trades themselves, to do the like; to a general and an incredible benefit for king, and country, master, and servant." John Smith, English adventurer, A Description of New England, 1616 42. Which of the following was a major contrast between the New England colonies and the colonies of France? (A) New England populations tended to be larger and more gender balanced. (B) The French settled more often in cities and towns. (C) The French had more conflicts with American Indians. (D) New England developed a less rigid racial hierarchy.

"The colonizers brought along plants and animals new to the Americas, some by design and others by accident. Determined to farm in a European manner, the colonists introduced their domesticated livestock—honeybees, pigs, horses, mules, sheep, and cattle—and their domesticated plants, including wheat, barley, rye, oats, grasses, and grapevines. But the colonists also inadvertently carried pathogens, weeds, and rats. . . . In sum, the remaking of the Americas was a team effort by a set of interdependent species led and partially managed (but never fully controlled) by European people." Alan Taylor, historian, American Colonies, 2001 The patterns described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments? (A) The spread of maize cultivation northward from present-day Mexico into the American Southwest (B) The population decline in Native American societies (C) The gradual shift of European economies from feudalism to capitalism (D) The emergence of racially mixed populations in the Americas

"The colonizers brought along plants and animals new to the Americas, some by design and others by accident. Determined to farm in a European manner, the colonists introduced their domesticated livestock—honeybees, pigs, horses, mules, sheep, and cattle—and their domesticated plants, including wheat, barley, rye, oats, grasses, and grapevines. But the colonists also inadvertently carried pathogens, weeds, and rats. . . . In sum, the remaking of the Americas was a team effort by a set of interdependent species led and partially managed (but never fully controlled) by European people." Alan Taylor, historian, American Colonies, 2001 The trends described by Taylor most directly illustrate which of the following major historical developments in the Atlantic world? (A) The growth of mercantile empires that stretched across the Atlantic (B) The increasing anglicization of the English colonies (C) The phenomenon known as the Columbian Exchange (D) The rise of the trans-Atlantic slave trade

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"The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. . . . Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy." — Alexander Hamilton, speech at the Constitutional Convention, 1787 In the decade following the ratification of the Constitution, divisions emerged between Hamilton's political party, the Federalists, and their rivals, the Democratic-Republicans, over all of the following issues EXCEPT the (A) relationship between national and state governments (B) relationship between religion and the federal government (C) federal government's degree of support for manufacturing and finance (D) United States policy toward the French Revolution

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"The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. . . . Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy." — Alexander Hamilton, speech at the Constitutional Convention, 1787 _____ Hamilton's views expressed in the excerpt most directly supported which of the following? (A) The process of electing members of the House of Representatives (B) The method of counting slaves for representation and taxation (C) The establishment of the Supreme Court (D) The addition of the Bill of Rights

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"There is another way in which the general opinion, that women are inferior to men, is manifested . . . I allude to the disproportionate value set on the time and labor of men and women. A man who is engaged in teaching, can always, I believe, command a higher price for tuition that a woman - even when he teaches the same branches, and is not in any respect superior to the woman. . . . I those employments which are peculiar to women, their time is estimated at only half the value of that of men. A woman who goes out to wash, works as hard in proportion as a wood sawyer, or a coal heaver, but she is not generally able to make more than half as much by a day's work. . . . All these things evince the low estimation in which woman is held." - Sarah Moore Grimke, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman, published in 1838. 48. Writings such as Grimke's above most sought to challenge which of the following social ideals of the nineteenth century? (A) Division of men and women into separate "spheres" of activity and influence. (B) The Second Great Awakening ideal of personal salvation (C) The romantic ideal of the Southern genteel lady (D) Usage of public schooling to indoctrinate students with common social values (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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"There is another way in which the general opinion, that women are inferior to men, is manifested . . . I allude to the disproportionate value set on the time and labor of men and women. A man who is engaged in teaching, can always, I believe, command a higher price for tuition that a woman - even when he teaches the same branches, and is not in any respect superior to the woman. . . . I those employments which are peculiar to women, their time is estimated at only half the value of that of men. A woman who goes out to wash, works as hard in proportion as a wood sawyer, or a coal heaver, but she is not generally able to make more than half as much by a day's work. . . . All these things evince the low estimation in which woman is held." - Sarah Moore Grimke, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman, published in 1838. Which of the following socioeconomic changes occurring in America by the early to mid-1800's most allowed individuals, particularly women, to participate in social reform efforts? (A) A greater social distinction between the upper and lower classes (B) A growing urban middle class (C) a lesser emphasis on the domestic role of women (D) a growing urban population (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted." — Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1965 . Which of the following provides the best evidence in support of the argument in the excerpt? A. Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction B. Political corruption in Southern state governments C. The emergence of the sharecropping system during Reconstruction D. Divisions within the women's movement over the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted." — Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1965 Which of the following contributed most directly to the end of Reconstruction? A. The political struggles to pass the Thirteenth Amendment B. The distribution of patronage jobs by Republican politicians C. The declining commitment to reform in the North D. The growing influence of the federal government over the states

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. Anasazi culture declined and fell because of A. intertribal warfare B. drought C. destruction by Europeans D. disease E. lack of animals to hunt (PERIOD 1 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND INITIAL CONTACT)

"Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others. . . . Here too is the design and end of government, Freedom and Security." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 "[G]overnments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The excerpts were written in response to the (A) British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies (B) British government's failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians (C) colonial governments' failures to implement mercantilist policies (D) colonial governments' attempts to extend political rights to new groups

"Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others. . . . Here too is the design and end of government, Freedom and Security." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 "[G]overnments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The ideas about government expressed by Paine and Jefferson are most consistent with which of the following? (A) The concept of hereditary rights and privileges (B) The belief in Manifest Destiny (C) The principle of religious freedom (D) The ideas of the Enlightenment

"Why will you take by force what you may obtain by love? Why will you destroy us who supply you with food? What can you get by war? ... We are unarmed, and willing to give you what you ask, if you come in a friendly manner ... I am not so simple as not to know it is better to eat good meat, sleep comfortably, live quietly with my women and children, laugh and be merry with the English, and being their friend, trade for their copper and hatchets, than to run away from them ... Take away your guns and swords, the cause of all our jealousy, or you may die in the same manner." A Speech by Powhatan, 1609 This excerpt shows that relationship between the English settlers of Jamestown and the Native Americans can best be described as (A) violent and impossible (B) strained but changeable (C) neutral and harmonious (D) friendly, open, and caring (E) violent in the past, but currently friendly

. As a result of the Hartford Convention following the War of 1812, (A) The Constitution was amended to limit the president to two terms in office. (B) the New England states declared secession from the United States. (C) Congress passed the War Powers Act, limiting future presidents from gaining too much power during wartime, as Madison had (D) the British finally acknowledged American Independence. (E) the Federalist party lost credibility and eventually died out (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

"for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world, wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake; wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants, and cause theire prayers to be turned into Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going... But if our heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey, but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our pleasures, and proffitts, and serve them, it is propounded unto us this day, wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it." -"City Upon a Hill," John Winthrop, 1630 The idea of this excerpt most strongly suggests which of the following about Puritan New England? (A) they developed close-knit communities based on a single religious belief (B) the increasingly insular and hostile Puritan culture (C) the dependence of Puritan life on slave labor (D) the tendency of Puritans to chastise and shun members who defy religious dogma

Not C

"for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world, wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake; wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants, and cause theire prayers to be turned into Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going... But if our heartes shall turne away soe that wee will not obey, but shall be seduced and worshipp other Gods our pleasures, and proffitts, and serve them, it is propounded unto us this day, wee shall surely perishe out of the good Land whether wee passe over this vast Sea to possesse it." -"City Upon a Hill," John Winthrop, 1630 Which of the following was the major difference between the New England colonies and the Spanish colonies in Southwest? (A) the New England colonies maintained relaxed religious codes barring interfaith marriage (B) the Spanish colonies intermingled with natives through marriage and conversion creating a new class (C) the New England colonies created a model community based upon religious tolerance (D) The Spanish colonies developed a strict class system in mission communities

#Stimulus The ability to use fishing as a means of subsistence (to survive) most directly contributed to (A) the ability to develop extensive markets for a thriving trade in fish (B) mostly mobile societies (C) The building of substantial permanent settlements (D) the building of extensive irrigation systems due to closeness to large bodies of water.

. Between 1800 and 1830, the United States did all of the following EXCEPT (A) Fight a war against Great Britain (B) Extend the right to vote to women and blacks (C) Double in territorial size (D) Warn European powers not to claim new colonies in the Americas. (E) Be able to move products and people faster with the use of canals and roads. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

. "New Light" preachers such as Jonathan Edwards appealed to congregants during the Great Awakening by (A) Encouraging people to act on their impulses (B) Delivering emotional sermons that centered around sin and salvation. (C) Disposing of the Bible as a source of inspiration. (D) Refusing to interfere with the daily lives of followers. (E) Stating that church and state should be combined and priests should make all colonial rules

. All of the following were main principles of the Navigation Acts EXCEPT: (A) Trade in the colonies was limited to only British or colonial merchants (B) It prohibited the colonies from importing slaves for use on their plantations. (C) All foreign goods bound for the colonies had to be shipped through England where they were taxed with British import duties (D) The colonists could not build or export products that directly competed with mass produced British export products (E) Provide a market for low priced consumer goods from Britain.

. The invention of the cotton gin was important because it (A) Reduced the need for large numbers of slaves to pick Southern cotton, providing abolitionists one more argument for the elimination of slavery. (B) Required skilled workers to operate it leading to the development of the South's most prominent educational and training institutions which provided workers with the necessary education and skills (C) Allowed cotton to be grown in areas that had previously been unsuitable for cotton production (D) Led to the development of the South's first large textile factories and the beginnings of a strong Southern manufacturing base (E) Allowed cotton to be picked and processed much more quickly, thus vastly increasing the profitability of cotton and the need for more slaves to pick it. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

. What was described as "a city upon a hill?" (A) London, England (B) Plymouth, England (C) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (D) The Massachusetts Bay colony (E) Cahokia

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. Which of the following best describes how the system represented in the above (Lowell Mills and Canals from 1823-1848) illustrations most directly affected women in the early 1800's? (A) Working-class women had the opportunity to advance more easily than men to the middle class. (B) The availability of industrial work for both sexes reshaped traditional gender roles at home. (C) Economic independence encouraged a mass women's movement to gain political rights. (D) Young women worked outside the home in larger numbers than ever before. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

. Which of the following best explains the most important effect tobacco cultivation had on the development of the Chesapeake Bay settlements during the seventeenth century? (A) The immediate commercial success of tobacco forced the settlers to defend against attacks by Spanish and French settlers, who wanted to take control of the tobacco trade. (B) Tobacco provided the settlers a lucrative crop to trade with nearby Native American tribes. (C) Dependence on tobacco as their only cash crop brought the settlements to financial ruin in the early 1600's (D) Because tobacco cultivation requires large tracts of fertile land, it led to the rapid expansion of settled areas in the region. (E) British customs houses established in the region to regulate tobacco trade led to widespread resentment of the British by the colonists.

. Which of the following most accurately describes the system of indentured service in the Chesapeake settlement during the seventeenth century? (A) Indentured servants were slaves for life; however, their children were born free and could own property (B) Most indentured servants were lured by the promise of freedom and property upon completion of their service. (C) Most indentured servants were convicted criminals sentenced to servitude in the New World. (D) The vast majority of indentured servants died in less than a year of arriving in the New World. (E) Indentured servants could never pay off their passage to the New World

. Which of the following statements about the white people of the pine barrens is INCORRECT? A. They generally squatted on their land rather than owning it. B. They made up about 10% of the southern whites. C. They usually worked for the planters as tenant farmers, sharecroppers, or overseers. D. They did subsistence farming. E. They lived in the pine barrens by choice

Abraham Lincoln took the Union into war against the Confederate States of America with the stated purpose of A. Protecting federal forts in Confederate territories. B. Freeing the slaves and abolishing slavery from American soil. C. Preserving the Union D. Protecting the Union from Southern attacks on Union territories in the border states remaining loyal to the Union.

A (I think)

According to Jay's Treaty (A) the British agreed finally to evacuate the Northwest posts (B) all prewar colonial debts were canceled (C) American rights to the Mississippi River were secured (D) British fur traders in the Northwest Territory region would have to move to Canada. (E) the British agreed not to take any more American sailors off merchant ships

According to the Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Radical Republicans Plan), all of the following conditions had to be met so that former Confederate states could be readmitted to the Union EXCEPT the A. drafting of new constitutions by southern states to be approved by Congress. B. ratification (passage) of the 14th Amendment by southern states. C. election of delegates to state constitutional conventions by southern black voters and whites not disqualified by the 14th Amendment. D. preparation of plans devised by southern state legislators to finance veterans' benefits for former Confederate soldiers.

American Indian societies most commonly reacted to the changes described in the excerpt by (A) embracing European religious and agricultural practices (B) adapting European material goods while attempting to preserve cultural autonomy (C) borrowing European political structures to organize their own societies (D) encouraging European colonists to accept American Indian cultural practices

As started by President Andrew Jackson, removing officeholders of the rival political party and replacing them with members of your own party is called the (A) Just deserts system (B) Rotating system (C) Spoils system (D) Rotten system (E) Cabinet rotation (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

At the Seneca Falls women's rights convention organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1848, the delegates (A) organized a political party to nominate candidates for government offices (B) unanimously endorsed the ratification of an amendment to the Constitution giving women the right to vote in national elections (C) declared that "all men and women are created equal" and that "the history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman . . . " (D) accepted the prevailing notion that women were endowed with weaker intellectual abilities than men (E) issued the pamphlet Treatise on Domestic Economy, instructing women on how to make their homes more efficient and more moral. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

At the end of the French and Indian War, most English colonists thought of themselves as (A) bold explorers (B) brave warriors (C) clever traders (D) independent Americans (E) loyal Englishmen

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Most of the destruction of the Indian populations in the Americas during the sixteenth century resulted from A. tribal warfare. B. European diseases C. famine D. enslavement by the Europeans. E. wars with the Europeans. (PERIOD 1 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND INITIAL CONTACT)

By 1860 what percentage of white southern families owned slaves? A. 25% B. 50% C. 60% D. 75% E. 100%

By the Compromise of 1877 the Democrats agreed to allow the Republican candidate to become president in exchange for A. a promise that they would be allowed to win the next two presidential elections. B. an end to Reconstruction C. large personal bribes to leading Democrats. D. a substantial lowering of protective tariffs

By the end of 1865, under President Johnson's reconstruction policies, A. most southern states had passed special industrial codes to help the freedmen become economically independent. B. former Confederate congressmen, state officials, and generals had been elected to serve in the U.S. Congress. C. the southern states had been divided into a series of military districts. D. the Radical Republicans accepted all of President Johnson's policies.

Not D

In founding the colony of Pennsylvania, William Penn's primary purpose was to (A) provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers (B) make a financial profit (C) provide a refuge for English debtors. (D) provide a refuge for persecuted Christians of all sects from all parts of Europe. (E) demonstrate the possibility and practicality of establishing truly friendly relations with the Indians.

Not C

Colonies such as the Carolinas were known as "restoration colonies" because (A) their creation was mainly due to the restoration of the Stuarts to the English throne. (B) they were created as places to send criminals to restore them to civilized behavior and give them a chance to lead decent, honest lives. (C) their creation was mainly due to the restoration of the power of English Parliament over the king. (D) their creation was an attempt to restore supremacy of the Anglican church in the colonies. (E) their creation was mainly due to an effort by the English government to restore a balance of power in the New World between the thriving English colonies in New England and the less successful English colonies in the South.

Music and dance enabled slaves to A. Demonstrate religious beliefs B. Lessen the tedium of work. C. Express the sorrows of slavery. D. All of the above.

George Washington responded to the Whiskey Rebellion in the western counties of Pennsylvania by (A) ignoring it until it died out (B) dispatching Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, to negotiate a reduced tax with the protesters. (C) calling a special session of Congress to deal with the problem (D) sending an army larger than any he had ever commanded in the Revolution to put down the revolt (E) requesting an advisory opinion from the Supreme Court on the constitutionality of the excise tax

Henry Clay's "American System" advocated all of the following EXCEPT (A) Federal funding for the building of roads (B) A national bank (C) High protective tariffs (D) Ending all alliances with foreign nations. (E) A focus on protecting the new industries in New England. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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How did Columbus react to the natives when he reached the Western Hemisphere? A. He thought they were descendants of earlier Viking explorers B. He thought they had a unique culture that should be preserved C. He thought they could be Christianized and become good servants. D. He was impressed by their use of tools and their use of the land E. All of the above (PERIOD 1 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND INITIAL CONTACT)

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How did the industrial developments represented in the above illustrations (Lowell Canals and Mills from 1823-1848) affect U.S. regionalism during the antebellum period? (A) It improved sectional tensions by contributing to the formation of a unified national economy. (B) It worsened sectional tensions by creating different regional economic preferences. (C) It improved sectional tensions by increasing interdependence between North and South. (D) It worsened sectional tensions by spurring Southern jealousy of Northern technological advances. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Identify the author of the following quotation and the colony which it refers: "for we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us; so that if we shall deal falsely with our god in this work we have undertaken and so cause Him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a byword through the world." (A) William Bradford and Plymouth (B) William Penn and Pennsylvania (C) John Smith and Virginia (D) John Winthrop and Massachusetts Bay (E) Lord Baltimore and Maryland

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In the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, Jefferson and Madison asserted that A) the states were creations of the federal government B) the federal judiciary was the sole arbiter of the constitutionality of federal and state laws C) The states, not the supreme court, were the final judges of the limits of federal power, and states could nullify federal laws if they believed the law was unconstitutional D) the "implied powers" of the Constitution gave the president the power to enforce the Alien and Sedition Acts E) a "Dual presidency" modeled on ancient Rome's consulship would serve to protect the states from the federal government

In the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison asserted that (A) the states were creations of the federal government (B) the federal judiciary was the sole arbiter of the constitutionality of federal and state laws (C) the states, not the Supreme Court, were the final judges of the limits of federal power, and states could nullify federal laws if they believed the law was unconstitutional. (D) the "implied powers" of the Constitution gave the president the power to enforce the Alien and Sedition Acts (E) a "dual presidency" modeled on ancient Rome's consulship would serve to protect the states from the federal government

A (I think)

In the decades preceding the Revolutionary War, all of the following were sources of tension between the colonists and the British EXCEPT (A) restrictions on the colonists' freedom of religion. (B) the mercantilist policies pursued by the government. (C) the lack of colonial representation in Parliament. (D) new taxes imposed on essential goods. (E) Britain's attempts to undermine the power of colonial legislatures.

In which way were Quakers similar to the Puritans? (A) They were tolerant of the Native-Americans. (B) Both men and women were treated as equals within their religious societies. (C) They both did not have a formal leader at religious services, allowing anyone who felt the Inner Light within them to speak. (D) They did not believe in taking up arms against others; they were pacifists. (E) They came to the New World seeking freedom from religious persecution in England.

Indentured servants were usually (A) slaves who had been emancipated (freed) by their masters (B) free Blacks forced to sell themselves into slavery by economic conditions (C) paroled prisoners bound to a lifetime of service in the colonies (D) persons who voluntarily bound themselves to labor for a set number of years in return for transportation to the colonies (E) the sons and daughters of slaves.

Not C

Jamestown was founded by (A) three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain (B) the Quakers (C) Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I (D) King James 1, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping (E) a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors

Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election primarily because A. there was overwhelming support throughout the country for the Republicans' antislavery platform. B. he was seen as a moderate, by both Northerners and Southerners, who could possibly negotiate a compromise between abolitionists and slaveholders. C. he gathered overwhelming support in the highly populated Northern states while his three opponents divided the anti-Lincoln vote in the West and South. D. he was able to discredit his chief opponent, Stephen Douglas, as a "closet abolitionist."

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation A. freed the slaves in the slave states that remained in the Union (border states) B. freed the slaves in western territories C. freed the slaves in areas in rebellion against the U.S. government D. freed all slaves in the Union and Confederacy

Most of the destruction of the Indian populations in the Americas during the sixteenth century resulted from (A) tribal warfare. (B) European diseases (C) famine (D) enslavement by the Europeans. (E) wars with the Europeans.

Printed in the Manchester Guardian (UK) January 1st, 1863 ADDRESS FROM WORKING MEN TO PRESIDENT LINCOLN - official letter sent to Lincoln As citizens of Manchester (England), assembled at the Free-Trade Hall, we beg to express our fraternal sentiments toward you and your country. We rejoice in your greatness as an outgrowth of England, whose blood and language you share, whose orderly and legal freedom you have applied to new circumstances, over a region immeasurably greater than our own. We honor your Free States, as a singularly happy abode for the working millions where industry is honored. One thing alone has, in the past, lessened our sympathy with your country and our confidence in it; we mean the ascendancy of politicians who not merely maintained Negro slavery, but desired to extend and root it more firmly. Since we have discerned, however, that the victory of the free north, in the war which has so sorely distressed us as well as afflicted you, will strike off the fetters of the slave, you have attracted our warm and earnest sympathy. We joyfully honor you, as the President, and the Congress with you, for many decisive steps toward practically exemplifying your belief in the words of your great founders: 'All men are created free and equal.' Which of the following best describes the South's strategy on which it depended to gain overseas support, in contrast to the above letter? A. The promise of the South to purchase British naval ships at a premium price. B. The social and aristocratic ties between the Southern elite and the British ruling class. C. The North's anger at the European governments' declaration of neutrality. D. The supplying of Southern cotton to the British and French textile industries.

The Fourteenth Amendment A. defines citizenship as those born in the U.S. and requires states to extend to all persons equal protection of the law. B. states that no one shall be denied the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. C. extends the suffrage to all citizens over twenty-one years of age. D. gives Congress the power to deny seats in the House to states that do not allow black men to vote.

The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to (A) encourage colonial manufactures (B) impose revenue taxes on the colonies (C) restrict emigration from England (D) ignore the colonies (E) grant increased colonial self-government

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Supreme Court decisions concerning Native Americans in 1831 and 1832 (A) reinforced the rights of states to remove Native Americans from disputed lands (B) denied them the right to sue in federal court but affirmed their rights to land that was traditionally theirs. (C) voided previous treaties between Native Americans and the United States on the grounds that the treaties were unfair. (D) granted the tribes official status as foreign nations (E) ruled that the federal government had a unilateral right to relocate Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The "corrupt bargain" of 1824 was (A) John Quincy Adams' offer of the vice-presidency to Andrew Jackson. (B) Martin van Buren's decision to oppose Andrew Jackson. (C) Henry Clay's concession to John C. Calhoun (D) John C. Calhoun's plan to impeach President Andrew Jackson. (E) Henry Clay's support of John Quincy Adams and his subsequent appointment as secretary of state. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The "headright" system adopted in the Virginia colony (A) determined the eligibility of a settler for voting and holding office. (B) toughened the laws applying to indentures servants (C) gave 50 acres of land to anyone who would transport himself and indentured servants to the colony. (D) encouraged the development of urban centers. (E) prohibited the settlement of single men and women in the colony.

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The American system of manufacturing which emerged in the early 1800s was successful because of its use of (A) slave labor (B) interchangeable parts to allow for mass production of high-quality items (C) handmade, individually crafted, high-quality items (D) the "putting out" system - distributing raw materials and collecting finished products for distribution (E) early electric power to provide cheap energy for new factories (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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The Battle of New Orleans was important because (A) The American victory convinced the British to begin peace negotiations (B) The American victory convinced the British to cede Florida to the U.S. (C) Andrew Jackson emerged as an American hero (D) The British victory at New Orleans convinced the U.S. to embark on a major ship construction program. (E) The British victory led to their overall victory in the war. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The Coercive Acts (A) restructured the Massachusetts government. (B) closed the Boston harbor. (C) permitted certain murders to be tried in England. (D) the governor could house troops in empty buildings (E) all of the above.

The English colony at Jamestown (A) was developed on a high plateau overlooking the James River (B) was settled mostly by farmers from rural areas of England (C) nearly collapsed because the colonists refused to cooperate, searched for gold instead of planting crops, and antagonized the Indians (D) survived the "starving time" by forging a temporary alliance with the Spanish (E) was abandoned.

The excerpt describes effects of the (A) Columbian Exchange (B) Great Awakening (C) Middle Passage (D) European Enlightenment

The first Great Awakening was (A) a religious revival that occurred throughout the American colonies (B) a slave rebellion in colonial South Carolina (C) an eighteenth-century religious movement among Native Americans (Indians) dedicated to reaffirming traditional values (D) an early colonial protest against English imperial policy (E) only took place in the Southern colonies

The first important cash crop in the American colonies was (A) cotton (B) corn (C) tea (D) tobacco (E) pineapples

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The first inhabitants of the Americas reached the Western Hemisphere by A. giant outrigger canoes from the western coast of Africa. B. swift sailing vessels crossing from northern Europe to Iceland to New England. C. migrating from Asia across the then existing Alaska-Siberia land bridge D. migrating in outrigger canoes from Polynesia to the Isthmus of Panama and Central America. E. crossing the Atlantic Ocean in large mast ships. (PERIOD 1 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND INITIAL CONTACT)

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Not A

The first religious development to have an impact throughout all of colonial America was (A) the establishment of religious toleration in Maryland. (B) the spread of Quaker ideas from Pennsylvania (C) the Halfway Covenant (D) the Crusades (E) the Great Awakening

A (I think)

The first textile workers in America were primarily (A) farmers' daughters from New England (B) freed slaves who moved North from the repressive labor markets in the South (C) German immigrants (D) ex-soldiers and war veterans who often could find work nowhere else (E) uneducated males from the working class who comprised America's first generation of "blue collar" workers (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The greatest significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison was that it (A) Claimed for the first time that the Supreme Court could issue directives to the president (B) Claimed for the first time that the Supreme Court could review and declare an act of Congress to be unconstitutional, called judicial review (C) Was openly defied by President Thomas Jefferson (D) Resulted in a major realignment of the first American party system (E) Claimed for the first time that the Supreme Court could settle disputes between states. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The immediate issue in dispute in Bacon's Rebellion was (A) the jailing of individuals or seizure of their property for failure to pay taxes during a time of economic hardship. (B) the under-representation of the backcountry in Virginia's legislature (C) the refusal of large planters to honor the terms of their contracts with former indentured servants. (D) the failure of Virginia's governor help in destroying Indians in the western frontier opening up new lands for former indentured servants and other settlers. (E) the colonial governor's manipulation of tobacco prices for the benefit of himself and a small group of his friends.

The most important result of President Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" was A. to transform the Civil War into a war against slavery. B. to free all slaves in border states such as Maryland. C. to increase Lincoln's support among northern Democrats D. to force the South to free its slaves.

The passage of the Townshend Acts angered the American colonists because these acts (A) nullified acts passed by colonial legislatures. (B) required Americans to quarter British soldiers. (C) limited the prices colonial merchants could charge for exports. (D) banned colonial trade with nations outside the British Empire. (E) placed taxes on goods sold in the colonies.

The pattern of political support shown on this map mostly reflects ongoing sectional divisions of the early - and mid- 1800s over which issue? A. The passage and application of fugitive slave laws B. The constitutionality of the doctrine of nullification C. Expansion of slavery into the new western territories D. The complete abolition of slavery in the United States.

The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to (A) raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America (B) reduce colonial consumption of foreign goods (C) fund the colonial postal system (D) impose a mercantilist system on the colonies (E) reduce the authority of the colonial legislatures

The purchase of the Louisiana territory I. Doubled the size of the United States II. Guaranteed Western farmers access to the Mississippi River as an avenue of trade III. Presented Jefferson with a constitutional dilemma since he was a "strict" interpreter of the constitution IV. Gave the United States control of the port of New Orleans (A) I and II only (B) I and III only (C) I, II, and III only (D) I, II, III, and IV (E) None of the above. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects? (A) It enabled England to deport most criminals. (B) It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America. (C) It delayed the establishment of slavery in the South until about 1750. (D) It instituted social equality. (E) It replaced the system of slavery throughout the colonies.

The term "Trail of Tears" refers to (A) the Mormon migration from Nauvoo, Illinois, to what is now Utah. (B) the forced migration of the Cherokee tribe from the Southern Appalachians and Georgia to what is now Oklahoma. (C) the westward migration along the Oregon Trail (D) the migration into Kentucky along the Wilderness Road (E) the migration of German settlers southward from Pennsylvania into the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The transportation revolution in the years after the War of 1812 contributed to the growth of all of the following EXCEPT: (A) Industry and manufacturing in the Deep South (B) Towns and cities in the North and West (C) New markets for northeastern manufacturers. (D) Commercial agriculture in the West. (E) Creating a faster transportation connection of the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The ultimate goal of Andrew Jackson's policy toward the Indians during his presidency was (A) To remove them to lands west of the Mississippi River (B) To advocate their complete assimilation into white society (C) To preserve their culture as a vital part of American civilization (D) To encourage the peaceful coexistence of Indians and whites in an atmosphere of trust. (E) To extend citizenship and voting rights to adult Indian male property owners. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

The unique achievement of congressional Reconstruction was that A. The Republicans were able to establish a permanent political base for the next 50 years in previously hostile territory. B. it was accomplished without the use of military force. C. the former ruling elite (rich plantation owners) transformed their attitudes about race relations. D. former slaves participated in writing new state constitutions and participating in new state governments.

To Andrew Jackson, the Bank of the United States was an abomination because (A) It refused to lend money for the purchase of slaves (B) It was controlled by "monied capitalists" and corporations, not the people (C) It dominated banking activity in the national capital (D) It was not powerful enough to influence the American economy. (E) It was unable to handle all of the money that was being distributed by the national government. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Washington responded to the Whiskey Rebellion in the western counties of Pennsylvania by A) Ignoring it until it died out B) Dispatching Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury, to negotiate reduced tax with the protesters C) Calling a special session of Congress to deal with the problem D) Sending an army larger than any he had ever commanded in the Revolution to put down the revolt E) Requesting an advisory opinion from the Supreme Court on the constitutionality of the excise tax

What abolitionist group attempted to transport former slaves to Africa to a country they called Liberia? (A) The American Colonization Society (B) The African-American Resettlement Society (C) The North America to Africa Colonization Organization (D) The Trans-Atlantic Resettlement Agency (E) The African Transport Association (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

What battle is considered the "turning point" of the Civil War as it was the last attempt by the Confederates to invade the North. A. Gettysburg B. Antietam C. Shiloh D. 1st Battle of Bull Run

What lesson did white southerners learn from the Nat Turner rebellion? A. That gradual emancipation (freedom) of slaves was inevitable. B. That slave insurrection and rebellion was an ever-present threat and thus they had to keep stronger controls on their slaves. C. That slaves should not be allowed to work in cities. D. That slaves should not be allowed to read the Bible. E. That laws to keep slaves down were strong enough.

What was the largest group of southern whites in the antebellum period? A. Planters/plantation owners B. Small slaveholders C. Non-slaveholding yeomen farmers D. People of the pine barrens E. Very large plantation owners, who owned 200+ slaves.

When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, "We are all republicans-we are all federalists," he meant that (A) Americans would never ally themselves with monarchical governments (B) federalists would be appointed to his cabinet (C) the two parties' platforms were identical (D) the principles of American government were above and more important than party politics (E) he admired Hamilton's policies (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Which Constitutional change was most necessary to permit the existence of the group shown above (Picture of First Colored Senators and Representatives)? A. The expansion of suffrage under the 19th and 26th Amendments B. The expiration of the Constitutional ban on discussion of the slave trade. C. The secure of freedom of speech and press under the Bill of Rights D. The affirming of African American citizenship under the 14th Amendment.

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Which of the following best describes the progression of the movement, of which events such as that shown in the above illustration (Methodist camp meeting in America, 1819) were a part and which can be understood as a turning point in U.S. history? (A) The emphasis on individual action led to the organization of many moral and social reform associations. (B) New religious proponents were the leading voices calling for further westward expansion to allow for missionary work. (C) Proponents of religious revivalism brought about a return to deeply conservative colonial-era values. (D) Leaders of community religious movements supported the growth of distinctive regional identities and heightened sectional tensions (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Which of the following best explains why Massachusetts Bay officials banished Anne Hutchinson? (A) She preached the doctrine of predestination. (B) She challenged gender roles and Puritan orthodoxy. (C) She was found guilty of practicing witchcraft. (D) She gave birth to a child out of wedlock. (E) She opened an unlicensed tavern.

Which of the following descriptions best fits the "carpetbaggers"? A. former Union soldiers who moved South and hoped to buy land, open factories, build railroads, or enjoy a warmer climate. B. predominantly poor and ignorant white southerners who sought to profit from Republican rule. C. uneducated freedmen who moved to northern cities for better economic opportunity, and who took with them only what they could fit in a traveling bag. D. free blacks from the North who moved South to find lost family members.

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Which of the following events could best be interpreted as reflecting the exercise of power depicted in the image? (A) The completion of the transcontinental railroad despite concerns about costs (B) American Indian removal despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia (C) The publication of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which explained nullification (D) The formation of the Whig Party (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Which of the following groups would have most closely shared the concerns of the individuals being victimized in the cartoon? (A) Portuguese (B) Spaniards (C) Africans (D) Europeans

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Which of the following is a correct statement about the Columbian Exchange? A. Pigs, cows and sheep were brought back from the America's to be domesticated in Europe. B. Disease in the New World affected the colonists greatly. C. Europeans brought back food from the New World, including potatoes and corn. D. Many Native Americans travelled to Europe to work on the large estates there. E. All of the above (PERIOD 1 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND INITIAL CONTACT)

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia? (A) It was the first case in which Europeans enslaved Blacks. (B) It fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia Company. (C) It first occurred after the invention of Eli Whitney's cotton gin, which greatly stimulated the demand for low-cost labor. (D) It spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as Blacks displaced White indentured servants in the tobacco fields. (E) It would start to decline after the introduction of tobacco to the colony

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Which of the following is a feature of the Anasazi culture? A. They built permanent villages containing distinctive round houses. B. They were able to be farmers by creating irrigation systems. C. They believed that the first human beings reached the earth from underground. D. They had spiritual areas called kivas E. all of the above (PERIOD 1 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND INITIAL CONTACT)

Which of the following is an accurate description of the typical slave diet? A. Slaves usually suffered from malnutrition. B. They often ate more meat and milk than whites. C. It included lots of energy foods, including grains. D. They ate much less calories than whites. E. They usually would only be fed once a week.

Which of the following is associated with reforming institutions that treated the mentally ill? (A) Dorothea Dix (B) The Grimke Sisters (C) Elizabeth Cady Stanton (D) Henry David Thoreau (E) William Lloyd Garrison (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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Which of the following is most directly an effect or outgrowth of the movement of which events like that depicted in the above illustration is a part (Methodist camp meeting in America, 1819)? (A) An increasing distinction between the spheres of home and work (B) Predominance of women in various moral and social reform efforts of the nineteenth century. (C) The transition from arranged marriages to marriages based on affection, because of ideal of individual free will. (D) A sudden hostility toward Catholicism in the early nineteenth century. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Which of the following is true of the slave system in seventeenth and eighteenth-century British North America? (A) The slave system was legal only in the southern colonies. (B) Indentured servants increasingly replaced slaves in the southern colonies. (C) Slave owners gained increased legal power over their slaves in the mid to late 1600's. (D) Most slaves worked on cotton plantations. (E) It was similar to the slave system practiced in Africa.

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Which of the following statements related to the Lowell System is NOT true? (A) In Lowell, farm girls were hired to work in the factories. (B) Lowell was a company town developed to provide housing, supervision of, and education for, its factory workers. (C) The Lowell System included some of the first fully integrated factories - they transformed raw materials into a finished product. (D) The Lowell System provided an easy way for women to become financially independent for the rest of their lives. (E) The Lowell System developed as a result of the United States' burgeoning textile industry. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

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Which of the following was an argument proffered by some Americans against removal of the tribes shown in the above map (Removal of Indian tribes to Oklahoma via Trail of Tears)? (A) Some of them had adopted white American ways. (B) Some of them had managed to retain their traditional ways. (C) By then, many of the American Indians of those tribal lands had attended American schools. (D) Many of the American Indians had already mixed with European settlers by then. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Which of the following was the most immediate result of the election outcome shown on this map? A. Congressional leaders called for constitutional amendments which would reestablish the Missouri Compromise line. B. Southern states began seceding from the union. C. A national draft law was passed by the North to help build up its military in preparation for the inevitable coming of war. D. Slaveholding states of the upper South, such as Maryland, began to free their slaves

Which statement best describes the work of plantation slaves? A. They usually were supervised in the field by the plantation owner/master. B. They worked long hours throughout the year and were subject to brutal discipline. C. Males and females were separated when they worked in the field. D. All plantation slaves were employed in unskilled field work

Why did many women join the temperance reform movement in the early 1800's? (A) They were often the ones to distill the whiskey in their homes, which was time consuming (B) They were concerned with the salvation of their husbands (C) Drunkenness by their husbands often led to domestic violence at home (D) Many Americans celebrated too much during the holidays and other celebrations (E) Most women at the time would never drink for any occasion. (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

Why was James Alban of Plover influential in recruiting men to join the war effort? A. He was Plover's mayor B. He published a strong anti-slavery newspaper in Plover. C. He provided financial assistance to families of men who joined the Union army D. He was a leader of the Plover Democratic Party.

William Lloyd Garrison in his publication The Liberator, was outspoken in calling for (A) The gradual and compensated emancipation of slaves (B) Colonization of slaves to some place outside the boundaries of the U.S. (C) Immediate and uncompensated emancipation (freedom) of slaves (D) The strict maintenance of the constitutional doctrine of states' rights (E) Repeal of the "Tariff of Abominations." (PERIOD 4 UNIT TEST)

_____ Europeans most typically explained the process described in the excerpt in which of the following ways? (A) Denying that such changes had taken place (B) Interpreting it as evidence of a need to protect the rights of artisans and farmers (C) Viewing it as proof of the higher level of civilization among Europeans (D) Asserting that all people were equal and deserving of the same rights

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