APUSH TRI 2 - Test Quiz Questions & Answears

Who established Hull House? Jane Addams Francis Willard Carrie Chapman Catt Susan B. Anthony Harriet Tubman

Jane Addams

Who was the first and only president of the Confederacy? William Seward Robert E. Lee Alexander Stevens Jefferson Davis Nathan Bedford Forrest

Jefferson Davis

How much did the United States increase its land size by during President James K. Polk's administration? 50 percent 20 percent 10 percent 30 percent 40 percent

50%

Approximately how many Americans died in the Civil War? 330,000 620,000 950,000 125,000 1.2 million

620,000

What did Coxey´s Army want? An expansion of the convict-lease system to cover most basic government services. A gold standard to stabilize the economy. Another increase in veterans' benefits. A chance to go to Cuba to join the Rough Riders. A $500 million public-works program funded with paper money.

A $500 million public-works program funded with paper money.

Huey Long proposed A 100% tax on all incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes over $5 million. Stimulating the economy by having the government an interstate highway system. Nationalizing banks and industry. Cutting taxes and federal spending to stimulate the economy. A national sales tax that would raise revenue to pay down the deficit.

A 100% tax on all incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes over $5 million.

The Ghost Dance was The term used by American soldiers to describe the methods by which Indians surrounded them in a battle. A performance by "Princess Wovoka" that became popular in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show. A traditional wedding dance in which Sioux women asked the ghosts of their ancestors to ensure fertility. A cycle of ritual songs and dance steps designed to bring about the destruction of European Americans and their removal from Indian lands. A "shaking" circle dance taught to Indians by Shakers in order to convert them to the Shaker religion.

A cycle of ritual songs and dance steps designed to bring about the destruction of European Americans and their removal from Indian lands.

President James K. Polk's objectives in Oregon included A division of the territory along the Columbia River. A division of the territory at the 49th parallel. A peaceful, joint Anglo-American occupation of the territory. Swapping British territory in Oregon for French territory in the Caribbean. War with Britain to acquire the territory to 54° 40'.

A division of the territory at the 49th parallel.

"Machine politics" was A form of urban politics influenced by the ideas of reformers. A form of urban politics where the boss of an unofficial political organization controlled a particular party or faction in office. A form of urban politics where local politicians, known as bosses, dominated urban areas. A derisive term given to voting machines when urban reformers first introduced them. A social theory in which all interest groups in society meshed together like the parts of a machine.

A form of urban politics where local politicians, known as bosses, dominated urban areas.

Frederick Jackson Turner was A painter of American western landscapes. The author of Roughing It, a mining novel. The author of Ramona, a tale of doomed love set on a California Spanish-Mexican ranch. A one-armed veteran of the Civil War who charted the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon. A historian who put forth the thesis that the frontier was the key to the American character.

A historian who put forth the thesis that the frontier was the key to the American character.

Jim Crow laws were Declared in the Danbury Hatters case to be unconstitutional. Pieces of legislation that set aside public monies to aid black Americans. A method of imposing strict segregation in things like streetcars, trains, schools, parks, public buildings, and cemeteries. Federal laws outlawing discrimination in public accommodations. Laws instituted by many northern municipalities in the early twentieth century in an effort to ensure honest and effective government.

A method of imposing strict segregation in things like streetcars, trains, schools, parks, public buildings, and cemeteries.

In the 1860 presidential election, the Republican party adopted an economic program that included all of the following features except A protective tariff. Free homesteads for settlers in the west. Providing land to immigrants who were not yet citizens. A national income tax. Federal aid for internal improvements

A national income tax.

Which one of the following was a result of the impeachment and trial of President Andrew Johnson? The president was convicted, dismissed from office, and replaced by Grant. A precedent was established against impeachment of president based on political grounds. Republican and Democrats in Congress at last found a cause around which they could all rally. None John won his battle against the Radicals in Congress.

A precedent was established against impeachment of president based on political grounds.

What did the civil-service reformers of the late 1870s and early 1880s want? Laws that would help to sustain the dignity of the federal civil service. Individual contributions to a political campaign capped at $500. A federal law that would appoint Roscoe Conkling director of government personnel. A government bureaucracy that would help free immigrants from poverty. A professional civil service based on merit and staffed by gentlemen.

A professional civil service based on merit and staffed by gentlemen.

Robert La Follette was The Republican nominee for president in 1916. The architect of Carnegie Hall. The chief justice of the Supreme Court who fought against most progressive legislation. The founder of the new version of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1910s. A progressive reformer who established policies that were labeled the "Wisconsin Idea".

A progressive reformer who established policies that were labeled the "Wisconsin Idea".

Which provision did the Lecompton constitution include? Slaves were property; therefore, the territory could not regulate them. Slavery was illegal in Kansas. Slaves residing in Kansas in 1857 could remain, but no more slaves would be allowed. A referendum would be held to decide whether to allow more slaves into the state. Slaves should be counted as 3/5 of a person for tax purposes.

A referendum would be held to decide whether to allow more slaves into the state.

The Gadsden Purchase was The symbolic first land sale in the new Kansas Territory. James Gadsden's purchase of supplies for an unofficial military expedition to Honduras. A small strip of land in southern Arizona and New Mexico purchased from Mexico for a railroad line. A plan to purchase Cuba from Spain for a maximum price of $25 million. The first slave whose freedom was purchased with money raised by John Brown.

A small strip of land in southern Arizona and New Mexico purchased from Mexico for a railroad line.

What is the stereotype of the Jazz Age "flapper"? The evangelical Christian woman who followed the teachings of Billy Sunday. The "spiritual sister" of the suffragist since both suffragists and flappers supported feminist political action. The product of publicists and advertising agencies. The key to the success of the Harlem Renaissance. A sophisticated, pleasure-mad young woman.

A sophisticated, pleasure-mad young woman.

How did the Union and Confederate governments compare in their handling of dissent? Because of the Confederacy's belief in states' rights, dissent was expected and encouraged. Because both governments originated from the same political tradition, they both viewed dissent the same way. Abraham Lincoln was far less hesitant about imposing martial law and suspending the fundamental right of habeas corpus than was Jefferson Davis. Compared with Jefferson Davis, Abraham Lincoln had greater faith in democracy and therefore thought that dissent was a beneficial part of the political process. The Confederate government was prepared to act swiftly and harshly to stamp out dissent, which it equated with treason.

Abraham Lincoln was far less hesitant about imposing martial law and suspending the fundamental right of habeas corpus than was Jefferson Davis.

What did President James K. Polk want from Mexico in 1845 and 1846? Acquisition from Mexico of California and New Mexico Mexican recognition of an independent Texas with a southern border at the Nueces River Access to the port of Matamoras A peaceful agreement similar to the Oregon compromise

Acquisition from Mexico of California and New Mexico

The Scottsboro Boys were Young CCC veterans who led the campaign for Roosevelt's reelection in 1936. Undocumented immigrants who the United States deported. African-American teenagers sentenced to death by an all-white jury on highly suspect rape charges. The leaders in the U.S. Steel strike. Amajor swing band of the 1930s.

African-American teenagers sentenced to death by an all-white jury on highly suspect rape charges.

How did the Russo-Japanese war come to an end? Theodore Roosevelt mediated the conflict and negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth between them. The two nations signed the Treaty of Paris. Japan forced Russia to surrender. Russia forced Japan to surrender. After fighting to a stalemate, they agreed to return to the same status as before the war.

After fighting to a stalemate, they agreed to return to the same status as before the war.

The Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association were formed mainly to assist rural young men and women who migrated to the city. prevent young people from attending performances of ragtime music. convert Indians. convert Jewish immigrants. help youngsters migrate west.

Assist rural young men and women who migrated to the city.

Which New Deal initiative paid farmers subsidies to take acreage out of production? Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 Farm Holiday movement McNary-Haugen bill Farm Credit Act Tennessee Valley Authority Act

Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933

Which sector of the economy did not prosper in the 1920s? The "service" sector Manufacturing New consumer goods Agriculture Financial services

Agriculture

The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to Ad former slaves and war refugees adjust to life after the Civil War. Re-enslave free blacks. Insure the election of former slaves to public office. Help former Southern soldiers rebuild their farms. Make Americans accept the Civil War's outcome.

Aid former slaves and war refugees adjust to life after the Civil War.

Which of the following was a new technique of warfare that was introduced in World War I? sea conflict tactical nuclear warfare air conflict use of the bayonet ground warfare

Air conflcit

The Civil War can be considered the first modern war for all of the following reasons except Airplanes significantly altered the experience of combat. There was an extensive reliance on the new communication technology of the telegraph. Tactics changed dramatically. The size of the armies on both sides was larger than ever. There was large-scale use of trench warfare by armies on both sides.

Airplanes significantly altered the experience of combat.

Who wrote The Influence of Sea Power on History? Teddy Roosevelt Oliver Perry Alfred Thayer Mahan William Simms William Farragut Incorrect

Alfred Thayer Mahan

How did the Confederacy provide for its ordnance needs during the Civil War? It used munitions captured on the battlefield. It imported munitions from Europe. All of these choices It bought munitions from private firms. It made munitions in government-owned factories.

All of these choices

Why did temperance advocates receive a boost from World War I? All of these choices They said that beer was a German plot to undermine America's moral fiber and fighting qualities. They said it was unpatriotic to use grain to manufacture liquor at a time when food had to be conserved. They pointed out that the biggest breweries¾like Pabst, Schlitz, and Anheuser-Busch¾had German names. Americans were able to view prohibition as a war measure.

All of these choices

Why did the typical volunteer join the army, either north or south? Expectations of military glory Local loyalties All of these choices Ideals of honor and valor The desire to archive "manhood"

All of these choices

Why was John Tyler's ascendancy to the presidency a disaster for the Whig party? All of these choices. He vetoed a bill to create a new national bank. He was a states' rights advocate. He was a former Democrat. He vetoed bills that would postpone reducing the tariff.

All of these choices

Which of the following was a provision of the Fugitive Slave Act? Alleged fugitive slaves would be returned to slavery if the claimant presented at least six witnesses. Only state law enforcement officials could pursue runaway slaves. Alleged fugitive slaves had to take the witness stand in their own defense. Slaves who had escaped prior to the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo were exempt from capture. Alleged fugitive slaves had no right to a jury trial.

Alleged fugitive slaves had no right to a jury trial.

At the First Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas), President Lincoln personally led the Union army into battle. Confederate forces defeated the Union army and advance unopposed to the outskirts of Washington, D.C. Amateur armies on both sides fought a bloody battle with confederate forces ultimately prevailing. The opposing forces engaged each other from long distances and caused few casualties. The two sides fought to a stalemate and withdrew after three days of fighting.

Amateur armies on both sides fought a bloody battle with confederate forces ultimately prevailing

Which of the following correctly pairs a group or individual with its or his objections to the 1916 nomination of Louis Brandeis to the Supreme Court? Woodrow Wilson: the seat should be filled by the new president. Republican congressional leaders: Brandeis was too conservative on hot-button social issues Industrial Workers of the World: Brandeis a Jew National American Woman Suffrage Association: the seat should be filled by a Latino woman. American Bar Association: Brandeis's innovative approach to the law

American Bar Association: Brandeis's innovative approach to the law

What were the two main woman's suffrage organizations in the late 19th century? American Woman Suffrage Association and the National Woman Suffrage Association Suffrage Now Club and the Rights for Women Club Women's Freedom Party and the Association for Woman's Suffrage Women's Voting Commission and the Vote for Women Committee American Women's Party and the National Woman's Party

American Woman Suffrage Association and the National Woman Suffrage Association

The Board of Indian Commissioners was An agency established by Congress to reform abuses on reservations. A council of representatives from all the tribes of the Plains Indians that established Indian self-government on reservations. An Indian social-welfare organization that encouraged Indians to produce traditional crafts for sale. Aboard of inquiry established to investigate the Battle of Little Bighorn. A militant Indian organization dedicated to preserving tribal customs.

An agency established by Congress to reform abuses on reservations.

The Whig party began to disintegrate and decline in the 1850s because they became too closely identified with the nation's radical abolitionist faction. supported unlimited immigration and lost popularity among urban workers. did not have a large enough free soil wing to attract Americans who wanted to move west. an internal, north-south split over the slavery issue. introduced a policy of low tariffs at a time when most Americans favored a high protective tariff.

An internal, north-south split over the slavery issue.

"Manifest Destiny" is the belief that the United States had A God-given right to exist as a nation. An obligation to spread American ideals across the continent. To be willing to serve as a mediator between warring countries. A destiny to conquer the world. An opportunity to replace greed with benevolence.

An obligation to spread American ideals across the continent

After the discovery of the Comstock Lode, Virginia City, Nevada, experienced A religious revival. An orgy of speculation and building. An increase in the police force. Looting by mobs and random terrorist activity by snipers. An exodus of the female population to Reno.

An orgy of speculation and building.

In 1928 many Americans feared that if Al Smith were elected, he would Enforce prohibition. Answer to the pope. Make Christianity America's official religion. Too much away to the socialists. Have a "kitchen cabinet" made up of women advisers.

Answer to the pope.

W. E. B. Du Bois was the author of The Souls of Black Folk. Up from Slavery. Following the Color Line. The Passing of the Great Race. How the Other Half Lives.

The Souls of Black Folk.

The work of which of the following individuals was not an example of "modernism" in architecture or painting during the late nineteenth century? Architect Richard Morris Hunt Architect Frank Lloyd Wright Painter Thomas Eakins Painter Winslow Homer

Architect Richard Morris Hunt

The cultural adaptation of Spanish-speaking Americans to Anglo society went relatively smoothly in California Texas Arizona and New Mexico Florida Vermont

Arizona and New Mexico

The "gentlemen's agreement" was an Understanding between Theodore Roosevelt and J. P. Morgan on the regulation of the trusts. Agreement between Woodrow Wilson and William Jennings Bryan over the formulation of foreign policy. Arrangement in which Japan agreed to end the emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States. Attempt on the part of Woodrow Wilson to teach Mexico to behave properly. Agreement between the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and Germany on the territorial integrity of China.

Arrangement in which Japan agreed to end the emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States.

While the Treaty of Versailles was opposed for many reasons, what was the most important criticism of it? Article 10 praised all economic systems including communism. Article 10 ordered all countries to renounce the use of submarines. Article 10 seemed to limit America's sovereignty and infringed on Congress's constitutional power to declare war. Article 10 claimed that all countries deserved some blame for World War I including the United States. Article 10 called for U.S. forces to intervene in the Russian Civil War.

Article 10 seemed to limit America's sovereignty and infringed on Congress's constitutional power to declare war.

Where did Andrew Carnegie learn many of the successful management methods he used in the steel? A a secretary for the Singer Sewing Machine Company. As a foreman in the meatpacking industry in Chicago. As a bookkeeper in the textile industry in his native Scotland. As an employee of the Pennsylvania Railroad. As a bartender at an Edinburgh pub.

As an employee of the Pennsylvania Railroad.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about unemployment during the New Deal? New Deal social and economic programs virtually eliminated unemployment for the first time in American history. It never fell below 75 percent. The jobless rate crept steadily upward from 1932 until 1945. As late as 1939 more than 17 percent of the labor force remained jobless. It never exceeded 7.5% even though politicians exaggerated the crisis for their own benefit.

As late as 1939 more than 17 percent of the labor force remained jobless.

What was the most important factor in Abraham Lincoln's 1864 reelection victory? He furloughed Union soldiers so that they could vote for him. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864. Lincoln's lenient plan for postwar reconstruction appealed to many. There was no organized political opposition to his re-election.

Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864.

What did mining, cattle ranching, and wheat farming have in common? They depended on massive government subsidies. Slow economic growth made them safe investments. The work itself was not hard. Boom and bust economic cycles affected them. Most people who tried their hand at them made money.

Boom and bust economic cycles affected them.

What did Marcus Garvey, founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, advocate? Blacks should return to Africa. Blacks should focus on the acquisition of practical skills while temporarily accepting second-class status. Blacks should exercise political power by voting. Blacks should integrate into white society. Blacks should return to the rural South because northern migration had led only to the ghetto.

Backs should return to Africa.

Congressman Preston Brooks Defeated Abraham Lincoln in the 1858 Illinois gubernatorial race. Argued that slavery should be limited to the south. Led religious opposition to slavery in the south. Murdered John Brown before Brown could be tried for his actions at Harpers Ferry. Beat Charles Sumner with a cane.

Beat Charles Sumner with a cane.

According to John Dewey, schools need to Guard against experimentalism. Serve as the handmaidens of industry by teaching subjects that were most needed by the business world. Become the engines of social change. Preserve the role of the teacher as the unquestioned authority. Teach self-reliance, hard work, and honesty.

Become the engines of social change.

During the Civil War, northern African American leaders such as Frederick Douglass worked as army recruiting agents because they believed that Black participation in the army would be a step toward black citizenship. It was the best way to prevent blacks from being drafted. Blacks would get to see their loved ones in the South only by fighting for the Union. By cooperating during the war they would be rewarded with greater civil rights after the war. Blacks were more resistant to the diseases that ravaged white soldiers in the garrisons.

Black participation in the army would be a step toward black citizenship.

Which of the following statements about the experiences of blacks during World War I is correct? There was a mass movement of blacks from northern cities to southern farms. Black soldiers found the French even more racist than American whites were. Blacks found it impossible to get jobs in northern industry. Black soldiers served in segregated units. Blacks followed the advice of Booker T. Washington to "put down their buckets where they were," and for that reason few moved north.

Black soldiers served in segregated units.

What did Frederick Taylor argue? Corporations should provide workers with better wages and working conditions in an effort to prevent government regulation or outside unionization. Corporations should narrow the scope of their business so that they could focus on the core areas they understood best. Businesses should combine several competing corporations into one larger holding company. Businesses should adopt progressive reforms in an effort to make business more humane. Business could increase efficiency by standardizing job routines and rewarding the fastest workers.

Business could increase efficiency by standardizing job routines and rewarding the fastest workers.

Which statement best describes the post-World War I American attitude toward businessmen? Americans considered corporate leaders to be "robber barons." Postwar America held businessmen in contempt as war profiteers. Business values saturated American culture. Most Americans blamed corporate America for the post-war depression. There was a growing hostility to the growth of the "military-industrial complex."

Business values saturated American culture.

During the 1920s, American foreign policy toward Europe was characterized by A desire to lead the League of Nations. By independent internationalism with an occasional willingness to enter into arms control treaties. A willingness to forgive the World War I debts owed to the U.S. government by former allies. A commitment to the World Court. Complete isolation from other countries.

By independent internationalism with an occasional willingness to enter into arms control treaties.

Who argued in The American Woman's Home that those of "good breeding" should avoid "reaching over another person's plate; ... using the table-cloth instead of napkins; ... and picking the teeth at the table"? Abigail Allen Susan B. Anthony Catharine Beecher Jane Addams Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Catharine Beecher

Why did women join the work force in growing numbers in the late nineteenth century? Trade unions won a series of court cases opening employment opportunities for women. Changes in agriculture brought young farm women into the industrial labor force, and immigrant daughters worked to supplement meager family incomes. Industrialists thought women would have a civilizing influence on the brutal factory conditions. The Civil War had created a shortage of male workers. The feminist movement encouraged farm girls and young immigrant women to work in order to become independent of their families.

Changes in agriculture brought young farm women into the industrial labor force, and immigrant daughters worked to supplement meager family incomes.

Which the immigrants in the West bore the brunt of labor hostility in the 1870s and 1880s? Irish Catholic immigrants Russian immigrants Chinese immigrants Jewish immigrants Mexican immigrants

Chinese immigrants

In the late nineteenth century, child labor was Uncommon because for the first time childhood was seen as a distinct stage of life reserved for innocence, play, education, and maternal love. Uncommon because children had to stay in school until age sixteen. Common in the economically-depressed south, but uncommon in the prosperous north. Uncommon because children were not strong enough to handle the large machines and fast pace of factory production. Common in the coal mines and cotton mills.

Common in the coal mines and cotton mills.

What happened at Fort Pillow, Tennessee in 1864? Ulysses S. Grant seized the fort and gained control of the Tennessee River. Robert E. Lee seized the fort and forced Union forces to evacuate Knoxville. Confederate forces captured and massacred black soldiers serving in the Union army. Union forces seized the fort and forced Southern forces to abandon Chattanooga. Union forces laid siege to the fort and forced the Confederate forces to surrender.

Confederate forces captured and massacred black soldiers serving in the Union army.

Originally developed by General Winfield Scott and later adopted by General Ulysses S. Grant, the Anaconda Strategy advocated The use of spies to infiltrate and disrupt Southern agriculture. Moving cautiously and only attacking when victory was certain. Constant pressure on Southern forces by controlling the Mississippi River and blockading the coast. Concentrating Union forces and making an all-out assault on Richmond. Cutting supplies to the South and waiting until the Confederacy starved or surrendered.

Constant pressure on Southern forces by controlling the Mississippi River and blockading the coast.

Which of the following characterized frontier communities? Communal households and a trend away from nuclear families and toward frontier polygamy. Widespread homosexuality because of a shortage of women on the frontier. Cooperation among neighbors as a form of insurance in a rugged environment. Deep suspicion of neighbors or any outsiders who were not kin. Matriarchal leadership, because the men tended to be away from home for months at a time.

Cooperation among neighbors as a form of insurance in a rugged environment.

Of the following nations/areas, which was the last to abolish slavery? Haiti British West Indies Cuba Martinique and Guadeloupe United States

Cuba

The Ostend Manifesto called for the United States to acquire Alaska. Mexico. Canada. Cuba. Haiti.

Cuba

Which of the following Nineteenth-Century Federal Indian Policy is correctly is paired with what it did? Dawes Severalty Act, 1887: Divided tribally held reservation lands into small allotments for families and individuals. Fort Laramie Treaty, 1868: Turned the Great Sioux Reserve into a city named Sioux City that would be open to settlement by all Americans Establishment of the Board of Indian Commissioners in 1869: Created a self-governing "board of directors" that would oversee Indian lands as though they were a private corporation. Bill for the Removal of Indians, 1830: Abolished the Indian Territory in Oklahoma. Curtis Act, 1898: The Cherokees were moved from Georgia to Oklahoma, and their lands were opened to settlers.

Dawes Severalty Act, 1887: Divided tribally held reservation lands into small allotments for families and individuals.

The 1924 National Origins Act was designed to Increase the number of immigrants coming from Asia. Increase the number of immigrants coming from Eastern Europe. Increase the number of immigrants coming from South America. Decrease the number of immigrants coming from England. Decrease the number of immigrants coming from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Decrease the number of immigrants coming from Southern and Eastern Europe.

The Roosevelt Corollary was significant to U.S. relations with countries in the Western Hemisphere during the 20th century because it established the precedent that the United States Would respect the rights of all countries. Had the right to intervene in Latin American countries. Would provide financial assistance to new countries. Had an obligation to fight communism anywhere it developed. Would give military aid to developing countries.

Had the right to intervene in Latin American countries.

In response to the sinking of the Lusitania, the United States Announced its intention to go to war to defend its rights as a neutral country. Agreed to stop trading with any belligerent. Declared war on Germany. Cautioned Americans against traveling on British or French vessels. Demanded that Germany cease unrestricted submarine warfare.

Demanded that Germany cease unrestricted submarine warfare.

General George Armstrong Custer's purpose in bringing his troops into the Black Hills of South Dakota was to Confirm rumors about the existence of gold. Negotiate a peace treaty with the Sioux at Little Bighorn. Find a location for a new fort. Drive the Indians out of the Black Hills. Christianize the Indians, using force if necessary.

Drive the Indians out of the Black Hills.

What environmental disaster struck the nation during the Depression? Potato famine Lower than normal temperatures on the Great Plains Global warming Dust Bowl Locust Infestation

Dust Bowl

The principle of popular sovereignty mean that States could determine whether they would permit the buying and selling of slaves. The United States would hold a referendum to determine if slavery should be allowed to spread beyond its current boundaries. The political party in power in any state could determine that state's slavery policies. American citizens could determine how they would manage their slaves without interference. Each territory would decide for itself whether to allow slavery or not.

Each territory would decide for itself whether to allow slavery or not.

What was the main reason most European immigrants came to the United States between 1815 and 1860? Religious freedom Political freedom European military upheavals Reform urges Economic advancement

Economic advancement

Which statement accurately describes travel to Oregon or California on the overland trails during the 1840s? By this period the route detoured around any formidable barriers. Emigrants cooperated closely with each other and traveled in huge wagon trains. Indian massacres wiped out a high percentage of all emigrants. The route was well mapped out and well surveyed. Emigrant families traveled alone in single wagons so that they would not be slowed by the needs of other families.

Emigrants cooperated closely with each other and traveled in huge wagon trains.

The Civilian Conservation Corps Put five million young men and women to work in camps across the country. Was the precursor to the National Guard. Employed jobless young men in rural projects such as reforestation, park maintenance, and erosion control. Was a conservative political youth club. Brought together business leaders to draft codes of fair competition.

Employed jobless young men in rural projects such as reforestation, park maintenance, and erosion control.

The Battle of Antietam in September 1862 Encouraged Great Britain and France to recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation. Was General Ambrose Burnside's most famous victory Revealed Robert E. Lee's genius in staging a battle. Encouraged Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Was a strategic victory for the South because General Grant called off his invasion of Richmond.

Encouraged Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Which of the candidates in the 1912 presidential election advocated the most far-reaching changes for American society? Theodore Roosevelt Eugene V. Debs Charles Evans Hughes William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Eugene V. Debs

Who led the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike? James Blaine James Weaver Terrence Powderly Eugene V. Debs Chester Arthur

Eugene V. Debs

Why did leisure-time activities become increasingly important to the working class during the late nineteenth century? Factory labor was growing more routine and impersonal, and social interactions at the workplace were increasingly inhibited. Working-class Americans viewed leisure activity as a method of rising to middle-class status. Leisure-time activities brought Americans of all ethnicities together and therefore contributed to a process of Americanization that most workers desired. American employers were increasingly emphasizing leisure and relaxation as a method of keeping their work force happy and healthy. Factory workers were working shorter days and weeks and had more time to play.

Factory labor was growing more routine and impersonal, and social interactions at the workplace were increasingly inhibited.

Which New Deal legislation banned child labor, established a minimum wage, and set maximum hours for the work week? National Industrial Recovery Act Hatch Act National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) Social Security Act Fair Labor Standards Act

Fair Labor Standards Act

Which of the following examples of New Deal legislation is correctly paired with what its purpose? Public Utilities Holding Company Act: Guaranteed unions' collective-bargaining rights and outlawed anti-union practices. National Housing Act: Halted sale of tribal lands and enabled tribes to regain unallocated lands. Federal Securities Exchange Act: Raised taxes on corporations and the wealthy. National Youth Administration: Launched a federal-state program of workers' pensions, unemployment insurance, and other welfare benefits. Fair Labor Standards Act: Banned child labor and set a national minimum wage.

Fair Labor Standards Act: Banned child labor and set a national minimum wage.

Why did young farm women lead the exodus from rural areas to cities? They were fleeing their strict upbringings for the freedom of the cities. Greater availability of beer in rural areas had led to more wife beating by husbands. They were seeking husbands. They were turning their backs on a way of life that demanded their labor for subsistence tasks. Farm work was increasingly becoming male work because of mechanization.

Farm work was increasingly becoming male work because of mechanization.

What did Southern Alliance leader Charles Macune argue? The federal government was to establish a series of branch banks to hold federal deposits and help to control the money supply. Late-nineteenth-century American capitalists attempted to corner all the silver that was held outside the federal treasury. Farmers should "raise less corn and more hell." The federal government should provide special agricultural loans from a fund created out of grain excise taxes. Farmers should be able to store crops in government warehouses and then borrow against those crops until prices rose.

Farmers should be able to store crops in government warehouses and then borrow against those crops until prices rose.

Why was there violent clashes between cattle ranchers and farmers during the late 19th century? Ranchers wanted to fence off the lands to keep their cattle from roaming too far from home, which conflicted with the need for farmers to expand their land in order to be profitable. Ranchers tended to be African American or Mexican-American, while farmers tended to be Irish or German immigrants. In general, farmers had been soldiers in the Union army, while cattle ranchers had served in the Confederate army, so they were fighting a continuation of the War Between the States. Farmers were using barbed wire to keep roving livestock out of their crops. Farmers paid high land taxes, while cattle ranchers paid only a small sales tax on each steer sold at market.

Farmers were using barbed wire to keep roving livestock out of their crops.

Which constitutional amendment was intended to provide for the protection of black voters? Thirteenth Amendment Fifteenth Amendment Sixteenth Amendment Twelfth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment

Fifteenth Amendment

What happened in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War? Civil war erupted between nationalist paramilitary groups and Spanish landowners. Filipino patriots petitioned the United States Congress for annexation and statehood. Filipino resistance fighters fought a protracted and bloody guerrilla war against United States rule. American agricultural producers, hoping to establish a tariff against Filipino products, engineered quick independence for the former Spanish colony. The United States imposed military rule and announced that self-government could not be granted until the Philippines had achieved economic self-sufficiency.

Filipino resistance fighters fought a protracted and bloody guerrilla war against United States rule.

The development of the rifle was important because it Eliminated the value of trenches in defensive action. Invalidated traditional military tactics. Permitted more effective use of the bayonet. Meant that cavalry could be more lethal. Forced generals to rely less on cavalry.

Forced generals to rely less on cavalry.

To protect their interests, in the 1880s Mexican-Americans in Arizona and New Mexico Formed a vigilante group called Las Gorras Blancas (the White Caps). Worked to convince the Mexican government to re-annex the American southwest. Hired mercenaries to patrol their land and expel any trespassers. Lobbied the government for more soldiers. Built forts that protected their land.

Formed a vigilante group called Las Gorras Blancas (the White Caps).

By the end of 1865, under President Johnson's reconstruction policies All southern states had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment and repudiated their Confederate debts. The southern states had been divided into a series of military districts. Former Confederate officials and generals had been elected to serve in Congress. Most southern states had passed special industrial codes to help the freedmen become economically independent. Southern states were moving toward rebellion and secession once again.

Former Confederate officials and generals had been elected to serve in Congress.

What was the main issue in the 1896 presidential election? Agrarian unrest Free silver Gridlock in Washington Imperialism Personal corruption

Free silver

Which of the following was not an opinion on slavery held by free soil supporters? Free-soilers believed that the presence of slavery impeded the progress of white civilization Free-soilers believed that wherever slavery appeared, labor loses its dignity. Free-soilers objected to slavery because of their racist hatred of blacks. Free-soilers believed that American slavery had natural geographic limits beyond which it would not spread. Free-soilers thought that slavery should be abolished simply because it was immoral.

Free-soilers believed that American slavery had natural geographic limits beyond which it would not spread.

The Emancipation Proclamation Freed slaves only in areas under Confederate control but not in areas that remained loyal. Freed the slaves and abolished slavery in all the states of the Union and the Confederacy. Was issued twenty-four hours after General Lee surrendered. Was formulated by the Radical Republicans and issued by Lincoln despite his strong personal objections. Convinced England and France to enter the war on behalf of the Union in order to win the crusade against slavery.

Freed slaves only in areas under Confederate control but not in areas that remained loyal.

Which organization did Congress create to provide relief, education, and employment for former slaves? Transition Group Ku Klux Klan Freedmen's Bureau Former Slaves Society Salvation Army

Freedmen's Bureau

Which of the following was not one of the advances in technology that enabled the Great Plains farmer to increase the land's yield tenfold? Improved grain binders Specially-designed wheat planters Gasoline-powered canal boats Improved threshers Efficient steel plows

Gasoline-powered canal boats.

Among the political changes that reformers wished to bring to state government during the early years of the twentieth century was Having candidates for public office be selected by the party leadership rather than through the more cumbersome and time-consuming process of having all party members vote. Simplifying the procedure for voting by giving voters preprinted ballots bearing the name of a specific candidate. Allowing two-term incumbents to move to a third term without an election. Ensuring the most qualified senators by shifting their election to the state legislatures. Giving voters the power to enact laws directly.

Giving voters the power to enact laws directly.

Which of the following did the Whig political program in 1840 include? Abolition of slavery Passage of an independent treasury act A low protective tariff Annexation of Texas Government-financed internal improvements

Government-financed internal improvements

Which of the following statements concerning the Battle of Shiloh is not correct? Confederate General Beauregard announced victory prematurely. It was the costly battle in American history to that point in time. Confederate forces withdrew after Union reinforcements arrived and launched a successful counterattack. Confederate armies staged a surprise attack on General Grant's army. Grant and Sherman won a great victory with relatively few casualties.

Grant and Sherman won a great victory with relatively few casualties.

Which of the following was ceded to the United States by Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War? Guam Hawaii all of these choices Cuba Samoa

Guam

What was the social philosophy of Herbert Hoover, as expounded in his book American Individualism? He supported direct government intervention in the economy. He saw unfettered competition as the life force of capitalism. Big business was the answer to America's problems. He argued in favor of higher wages and higher personal income taxes. He advocated a cooperative, socially responsible economic order shaped by the voluntary action of capitalist leaders.

He advocated a cooperative, socially responsible economic order shaped by the voluntary action of capitalist leaders.

What was President Wilson's first official response when war broke out in Europe in 1914? He announced a preparedness campaign in order to promote armaments and military training. He announced a blockade of Europe on behalf of the Allied Powers. He asked Congress to declare war on Germany to prevent a victory by a militaristic continental power. He announced a declaration of neutrality and called on the nation to be neutral in thought as well as action. He announced an embargo of all American products, so that the United States would not repeat the mistakes of the War of 1812.

He announced a declaration of neutrality and called on the nation to be neutral in thought as well as action.

President Andrew Johnson was impeached because He attempted to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act. He nominated several black men to his cabinet. He pardoned several Confederate generals including Robert E. Lee. He refused to dismiss his vice president after he joined the Ku Klux Klan. He accepted a bribe from the Credit Mobilier Corporation.

He attempted to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act.

What was James Buchanan's position on slavery? He believed it was wrong, but the federal government had no right to interfere with it. He believed it was less important than the preservation of the Union. He believed it was an issue the legislature not the courts had to settle. He believed it had to be abolished immediately. He believed it should be preserved in the current slave states but prohibited from the territories.

He believed it was wrong, but the federal government had no right to interfere with it.

Why did John C. Calhoun believe that the federal government had no power to prohibit slavery in the Mexican Cession? He argued that the resolution by Congressman David Wilmot had specifically settled the issue. He said that since slavery had been legal in the territory when it was Mexican, slavery should continue to be legal now. He believed that free states already had enough territory. He said that no federal rules or regulations had ever addressed the issue of slavery in American territories. He believed that slaves were property, and the Constitution protected the right to property.

He believed that slaves were property, and the Constitution protected the right to property.

How did Zachary Taylor dismay both southern Democrats and Whigs? He recommended that the federal government abolish slavery and compensate slave owners by paying them $4,000 per slave. He believed that states and territories should be able to decide for themselves whether to have slavery or not but questioned whether slavery would be viable in the Southwest. He argued that proponents and opponents of slavery should square in a series of duals. He stated that the military should patrol the Southwest and prevent any radical supporters or opponents of slavery from entering. He insisted that slavery be allowed, but that slave states should educate and train slaves for eventual freedom.

He believed that states and territories should be able to decide for themselves whether to have slavery or not but questioned whether slavery would be viable in the Southwest.

What did John Steinbeck describe in The Grapes of Wrath? He described the challenges of industrial labor in the 1930s. He described the horrors of working in the California vineyards. He described the desperate struggles of an uprooted dust-bowl family. He described the rise of the middle class despite the opposition of large corporations. He described the collapse of a capitalist society.

He described the desperate struggles of an uprooted dust-bowl family.

What happened to Roosevelt's "court-packing" plan? It turned out to be one of Roosevelt's greatest triumphs. The American people rejected it in a referendum. It was the issue that enabled the Republicans to retake control of the Senate in the 1938 election. He had to drop it but was nevertheless able to replace four members of the Supreme Court who died or retired. Congress, including New Deal supporters and many conservatives, approved of it because they felt it was time for a change.

He had to drop it but was nevertheless able to replace four members of the Supreme Court who died or retired.

In the 1920s, Babe Ruth was famous because He overcame cancer to lead the New York Giants to a Super Bowl victory. He was the first black football player to win the Heisman Trophy. He won the Master's, the U.S. Open, the PGA Championship, and the British Open all in the same year. He raised people's awareness of profession boxing. He hit 60 home runs in one year.

He hit 60 home runs in one year.

"Yellow dog" contracts were contracts In which employers agreed not to hire Chinese immigrants. That limited wages to no more than $2 a day. In which workers promised not to strike or join a union. That permitted only Asian immigrants to be hired. That guaranteed that only union members would be hired.

In which workers promised not to strike or join a union.

Who was Eugene V. Debs? He created the Congress of Industrial Organizations to challenge the American Federation of Labor. He commanded U.S. military forces during World War I. He directed the crusade against child labor during the Progressive era. He was a leading progressive from Wisconsin who later ran for the presidency. He led the Socialist Party in the early 20th century.

He led the Socialist Party in the early 20th century.

Which of the following was not one of Roosevelt's immediate responses to the banking crisis? He nationalized the banks. He proposed the Emergency Banking Act. He set up procedures for managing failed banks. He declared a "bank holiday," which closed banks for four days. He assured Americans over the radio that they could again entrust their money to banks.

He nationalized the banks.

Which of the following was one of the secrets of John D. Rockefeller's success? He was willing to develop equal cooperative relationships with his competitors. He did not waste a lot of money on advertising. He paid attention to the minutest details and understood the benefits of vertical integration. He pioneered a division of labor in which he concentrated on financial matters and delegated the technical operations of the industry to his managers. He concentrated on the "big picture" and did not get bogged down in details.

He paid attention to the minutest details and understood the benefits of vertical integration.

Which of the following steps did Herbert Hoover not take to revive the economy after the stock-market crash? He set up the Emergency Committee for Employment to coordinate the efforts of voluntary relief agencies. He advised municipal and state governments to create jobs through public-works projects. He persuaded Congress to pass the National Industrial Recovery Act, which embodied ideas of industrial self-regulation and business-government cooperation. He urged business leaders to maintain wages and employment. He persuaded Congress to establish the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to make loans to banks and other lending institutions.

He persuaded Congress to pass the National Industrial Recovery Act, which embodied ideas of industrial self-regulation and business-government cooperation.

Which statement best describes Franklin Roosevelt's position concerning the Depression in the 1932 presidential campaign? He promoted a policy of massive spending by the federal government. He clearly outlined specific programs that would end the depression. He promised to end the depression but offered only vague plans describing how he was going to do it. He called for the United States to abandon the gold standard. He claimed the depression was just an economic cycle and would eventually correct itself.

He promised to end the depression but offered only vague plans describing how he was going to do it.

Why did Abraham Lincoln win the 1860 presidential election? He won all of the southern vote. Since no candidate won a clear majority, the House of Representatives selected Lincoln. He obtained over half of the popular vote throughout the country. None of these choices He took advantage of the split in the Democratic Party and won a plurality of the vote.

He took advantage of the split in the Democratic Party and won a plurality of the vote.

What did "agribusinesses" need to be successful? 160-acre farms Minimal investments of capital Small government subsidies Heavy investments in equipment Minimal investments in labor

Heavy investments in equipment

In order to acquire the right for the United States to build a canal across Panama in 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt. Seized Panama Purchased the completed canal from a French company Signed a treaty with Columbia Helped facilitate a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia and then negotiated a treaty to a lease a strip of territory Pain Columbia $25 million for a ten-mile wide strip of land in its province of Panama.

Helped facilitate a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia and then negotiated a treaty to a lease a strip of territory

Which of the following men was not a railroad entrepreneur? James Hill Jay Gould Collis Huntington Henry Watterson

Henry Watterson

What might be considered Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring domestic legacy? Supporting the addition of the women's suffrage amendment to the Constitution. Increasing public interest in environmental conservation. Improving racial attitudes in Washington, D.C. Stopping the growth of large and monopolistic corporations. Cementing a firm relationship between capital and labor.

Increasing public interest in environmental conservation.

Which of the following statements about upward mobility in the late nineteenth century is the most accurate? Andrew Carnegie's rise from poverty to colossal wealth was typical of the opportunities open to immigrants in America. Skilled workers had few opportunities to rise to the top in small companies. Few industrial leaders came from the privileged classes because they were too soft to make it in the world of competitive capitalism. Immigrants who got ahead in the late nineteenth century were more likely to go from rags to respectability than from rags to riches. Middle class Americans tended to slide downward more often than rise upward in socio-economic rank.

Immigrants who got ahead in the late nineteenth century were more likely to go from rags to respectability than from rags to riches.

During the first two decades of the twentieth century, what was the greatest source of urban population growth? The exodus from rural and small-town America The increasing birthrate within the cities themselves Immigration Improvements in sanitation Medical advances that ended the major urban diseases

Immigration

What did the Know-Nothing Party argue? Free blacks should be offered equal opportunities as whites. Slavery should be extended to all territories. Immigration should be strictly limited. Free blacks and immigrants should be encouraged to settle in the North.

Immigration should be strictly limited.

Which of the following events happened in the three years immediately following the Civil War? Freedmen took revenge on their former owners and the rest of the southern white community. Radical Republicans ordered the execution of all Confederate officials holding a cabinet rank or higher. President Johnson exiled, imprisoned, or executed many former Confederate leaders. Demobilized Confederate soldiers continued armed resistance to federal occupation forces. Intense and unparalleled political conflicts dominated the national scene.

Intense and unparalleled political conflicts dominated the national scene.

What happened in the 1920s Teapot Dome Scandal? President Herbert Hoover was caught having an affair with one of the secretaries in the White House. President Calvin Coolidge used federal funds to buy his wife a fancy tea serving set. Interior Secretary Albert Fall received bribes to lease naval oil reserves to two private companies. Secretary of the Treasury William Clinton invested federal funds in the Whitewater land deal. Vice President Davis was accused of lying under oath about his investments in Mexico.

Interior Secretary Albert Fall received bribes to lease naval oil reserves to two private companies.

Samuel Morse revolutionized communication in the 19th century by Leading the consortium that developed the steam engine. Making the telephone practical. Introducing railroad mail deliver. Developing wireless communication technology. Inventing the telegraph.

Inventing the telegraph

Who were the muckrakers? Investigative journalists who wrote exposés on large corporations Philanthropists who pledged their money to eliminate corruption Government officials who supervised the elimination of brothels Politicians who were willing to do anything to get re-elected Interest group leaders who supported Progressive reforms

Investigative journalists who wrote exposés on large corporations

A potato blight brought about "The Great Famine," a period of starvation in France Germany Italy Ireland England

Ireland

In 1860 what groups accounted for three-fourths of all foreign-born Americans? Irish and Germans Germans and Dutch Irish and English Russians and Italians Swiss and Norwegians

Irish and Germans

Which statement accurately describes southern black education during Reconstruction? It focused exclusively on the elementary level. It made rapid strides toward integration. It was a national priority. It declined rapidly. It advanced but remained quite limited.

It advanced but remained quite limited.

Why was Vicksburg so important to the Confederacy? It was a key railroad junction between Chattanooga and Atlanta. It guarded the Union attack route into Tennessee. It allowed trade and communication between Confederate states on either side of the Mississippi River. It was a great supply base. It was located at the entrance to Mobile Bay.

It allowed trade and communication between Confederate states on either side of the Mississippi River.

What happened to mass culture (magazines, books, radio, and movies) in the 1920s? It became less important as Americans placed renewed emphasis on individualism. It was strongly influenced by the radical, bohemian art world. It was available only to the middle class, who could afford it. It retained regional favor in the South, New England, the Southwest, and other areas with strong cultural traditions. It became increasingly standardized as the same amusements were available in all parts of the country.

It became increasingly standardized as the same amusements were available in all parts of the country.

Which of the following was not one of the ways that the automobile affected American life? It increased mobility and headaches. It let more prosperous Americans move out to the suburbs. It broke down the isolation of rural life. It gave young people freedom from parental oversight. It created new stereotypes of feminine delicacy.

It created new stereotypes of feminine delicacy.

What did the Pendleton Act do? It gave Congress the power to investigate and oversee railroad activities. It required the use of silver as well as gold to back paper currency. It established a civil-service commission. It started the policy of having separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites. It raised tariff rates.

It established a civil-service commission.

What did the National Bank Act of 1863 do? It tied the value of Confederate currency to the price of cotton on the European market. It created a national bank in each Confederate state. It took the Union off the gold standard. It established criteria by which a bank could get a federal charter and issue national bank notes. It declared that it was a conflict of interest, and therefore illegal, for federally chartered banks to purchase federal war bonds.

It established criteria by which a bank could get a federal charter and issue national bank notes.

What was the main importance of the government's establishment of the Interstate Commerce Commission? It limited the ability of railroads to form monopolies. It created the foundation for the interstate highway system. It allowed the federal government to set maximum railroad rates. It ended the ability of states to regulate railroads within their boundaries. It established the principle of federal government regulation of interstate transportation.

It established the principle of federal government regulation of interstate transportation.

How did the settlement-house movement distinguish itself from other urban social-welfare organizations? It was not being concerned about the urban poor's propensity for drinking and gambling. It insisted that charity workers live in slum neighborhoods to better understand the living conditions of the poor. It tried to keep immigrants "settled" indoors until they could behave like Americans. It helped the urban poor purchase their own homes because of the belief that owning private property leads to the adoption of middle-class values. It helped poor immigrants settle on western homesteads to relieve urban overcrowding.

It insisted that charity workers live in slum neighborhoods to better understand the living conditions of the poor.

What is dry farming? It is farming in frontier areas where the sale of alcohol was prohibited. It is a method of drying up flood plains to reclaim land for agriculture. It is growing crops in desert-like conditions. It is plowing deeply and harrowing lightly to raise a covering of dirt that would retain moisture after a rainfall. It is specializing in "dry" grains such as corn, oats, and wheat, rather than more perishable produce such as fruit and vegetables.

It is plowing deeply and harrowing lightly to raise a covering of dirt that would retain moisture after a rainfall.

Which statement concerning Republican rule in the former Confederate states is true? It established high standards of ethical behavior. It was permanently established through the new state constitutions approved by Congress. It lasted a maximum of about eight years, but in most states much less. In most states lasted until the Democrats were able to recapture the White House in 1884. It revolutionized southern politics and destroyed the Democratic party.

It lasted a maximum of about eight years, but in most states much less.

Which of the following was not true of the National Industrial Recovery Act? It embodied ideas of industrial self-regulation and business-government cooperation and drew on the idea of trade associations which had been promoted by Herbert Hoover. It appropriated $3.3 billion for heavy-duty government public-works programs to provide jobs and stimulate the economy. Under it, major industries drafted codes of "fair competition," setting production limits, prescribing wages and working conditions, and forbidding price cutting. It was declared unconstitutional. It limited workers' collective bargaining rights.

It limited workers' collective bargaining rights.

Which of the following statements concerning the use of technology in industry in the second half of the nineteenth century is true? It made it possible for manufacturers to hire cheap unskilled or semiskilled labor. It allowed traditional craftsmen and artisans to maintain their dominance over production. It was primarily the hallmark of giant corporations. It made it possible for manufacturers to eliminate human labor power altogether. It required a better-educated work force.

It made it possible for manufacturers to hire cheap unskilled or semiskilled labor.

How did the clash between the Virginia and the Monitor in March 1862 revolutionize naval warfare? It revealed the value of armor-piercing shells. It signified the importance of rifling in barrels. It showed the value of wind-power over steam. It marked the first battle between ironclad ships. It indicated the limitations ship-to-ship communications.

It marked the first battle between ironclad ships.

What did the 1935 Social Security Act do? It guaranteed men the right to work It protected women's rights in the work place. It offered financial assistance for the elderly and the disabled. It established housing where the unemployed could stay for free and receive free meals. It provided workers a job if they were unemployed.

It offered financial assistance for the elderly and the disabled.

Which of the following did the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 not do? It set up a board to supervise shop elections. It outlawed closed shops. It outlawed spying on unions. It outlawed blacklisting labor "agitators. "It guaranteed collective bargaining.

It outlawed closed shops.

Which statement concerning the Wade-Davis bill is not true? It was pocket-vetoed by President Lincoln. It failed to provide for black suffrage. It was much stricter than Lincoln's 10 percent plan. It provided that each former Confederate state would be ruled by a military governor. It provided for almost immediate readmission to the Union.

It provided for almost immediate readmission to the Union.

What was the significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin? It contradicted prevailing stereotypes about blacks. It sold relatively few copies and was soon out of print. It pushed many waverers to an aggressive antislavery stance. It strengthened the southern defense of slavery by reinforcing stereotypes of blacks as docile and inferior. It challenged the common notion that slavery tore apart the black family.

It pushed many waverers to an aggressive antislavery stance.

In the 1892 election, what happened to the Populist party? It received over one million votes across the nation. It swept every state of the former Confederacy. It failed to elect its candidate for president, but received more votes than the Republican candidate. It became the first "third party" in American history to win the presidency. It won by a large margin in New England and the traditionally Republican farm regions of the Midwest.

It received over one million votes across the nation.

What was the result of the Haymarket Square bombing in 1886? It resulted in intensified animosity toward labor unions. It led to the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act. It resulted in the election of several German-born anarchists to the Illinois state legislature. It led to increased sympathy for workers and unions. It led to the arrest of the police who fired on the crowd.

It resulted in intensified animosity toward labor unions.

Which of the following statements accurately describe the automobile in the 1920s? It became common in most American socioeconomic groups, as cheap Japanese models flooded the market. It lost much of its potential market as people turned to the new forms of mass transit available. It saw a big increase in popularity, with the number of vehicle registrations jumping dramatically. It was produced mostly for the overseas market since Americans could not afford the high-priced American models. It was still just a plaything of the rich.

It saw a big increase in popularity, with the number of vehicle registrations jumping dramatically.

What was the Wilmot Proviso? It was a legislative amendment that said that the United States should acquire only Texas as a result of the Mexican American War. It was a plea to apply the terms of the Missouri Compromise to any territory acquired from Mexico. It was a stipulation that slavery be prohibited in any territory acquired in the negotiations with Mexico. It was a request to outlaw slavery in Texas if the United States won the Mexican-American War. It was a law that provided free Texas land to former slaves who were willing to relocate.

It was a stipulation that slavery be prohibited in any territory acquired in the negotiations with Mexico.

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the American Federation of Labor was the most successful union of the late 19th century? It limited its membership to skilled workers allowing the union more unity. It focused on practical tactics aimed at bread-and-butter issues. It had a strong leader in Samuel Gompers. It was a tightly organized federation that required all members to give up their autonomy and independence for the good of the whole. It clearly defined its objectives.

It was a tightly organized federation that required all members to give up their autonomy and independence for the good of the whole.

What was the importance of "culture" for American Victorians? It was an agency of social uplift that could help those Americans aspiring to middle-class status. It represented European life and was therefore considered un-American. It was a derogatory term generally used to describe the lower classes' cheap copies of famous paintings. It helped to separate the lower classes from the respectable middle classes. It was a code word for decadence, they be

It was an agency of social uplift that could help those Americans aspiring to middle-class status.

Which of the following is true concerning the use of electricity by the mid-1920s? It was becoming more common as 60 percent of new homes were wired for electricity. It was nearly universal in the United States. It was mainly used in factory production. It was mostly found on farms, where mechanization was needed first. Most Americans resisted "new-fangled" appliances.

It was becoming more common as 60 percent of new homes were wired for electricity.

Which of the following statements concerning the first transcontinental railroad is true? It was a patchwork of short state railroads, built with little thought to transcontinental connections. It was built primarily with forced labor of Sioux, Cheyenne, and Comanche prisoners of war and black slaves. It was chartered originally by the Confederacy in its hopes to take over the West and then continued by the Union after the South's defeat. It was financed entirely by private capital, with no government subsidy. It was completed in 1869 with the joining of the Union Pacific and Central tracks in Utah.

It was completed in 1869 with the joining of the Union Pacific and Central tracks in Utah.

Which of the following statements concerning conscription in the Civil War is true? It was instituted first by the Confederacy. It was already in place nationally when the Civil War began. It was unnecessary during the Civil War. It was possible in the Union but constitutionally prohibited in the Confederacy. It was used by both sides from the beginning of the war.

It was instituted first by the Confederacy.

Which of the following statements concerning the United States Steel Company is true? It was Andrew Carnegie's steel company in the 1870s and 1880s. It was created by J.P. Morgan to compete with Federal Steel. It was the steel company operated by the United States government when it nationalized the steel trust. It was the first company to issue stock to meet its huge capital needs. It was the first business capitalized at more than $1 billion.

It was the first business capitalized at more than $1 billion.

Which of the following descriptions best describes the American army when the United States entered World War I? It was staffed with recruits and draftees drawn only from young men with the highest IQs. It was woefully unprepared, with little combat experience and an aging officer corps. It was staffed mainly with green draftees. It was at its peak of fighting form after a year-long preparedness campaign. It was almost non-existent because of the pacifist tendencies of the Wilson Administration.

It was woefully unprepared, with little combat experience and an aging officer corps.

How did the Ballinger-Pinchot debate influence the relationship between Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft? It proved to Roosevelt that Taft was worthy to be his successor. It provided evidence of the growing divisions within the Republican Party. It widened the rift between Roosevelt and Taft. It revealed that making jokes about Taft's weight would lead to tensions between the two men. It showed that even out of office Roosevelt had more power than Taft.

It widened the rift between Roosevelt and Taft.

Who won the 1856 presidential election? Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore Winfield Scott

James Buchanan

Who founded Standard Oil? Andrew Mellon Jay Gould John D. Rockefeller Leland Stanford J.P. Morgan

John D. Rockefeller

Who led the American forces that helped seize California from Mexico? John Sloat John O'Sullivan John Slidell John Frémont John Sutter

John Frémont

Whose campaign to protect the wilderness led to the establishment of Yosemite National Park and the founding of the Sierra Club? John Wesley Powell Owen Wister John Muir Joseph G. McCoy Hamlin Garland

John Muir

Which had territory had two competing governments in the 1850s? Michigan California Nebraska Texas Kansas

Kansas

What was the final blow to the Whig party? Lecompton Constitution Kansas-Nebraska Act Fugitive Slave Act Compromise of 1850 Ostend Manifesto

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Which statement accurately describes why that state refused to join the Confederacy? Maryland's popular politician, Hannibal Hamlin, had just been elected vice president. Missouri's citizens were united in their loyalty to the Union and in their belief that an independent slave confederacy could not survive. Virginia's nonslaveholding eastern part of the state refused to secede with the western part¾which named itself West Virginia when it joined the Confederacy. Kentucky had a Unionist legislature whose resolve was strengthened by the presence of Grant's troops across the river in Illinois. Delaware was mainly a nonslaveholding state that had no desire to be part of a slave Confederacy.

Kentucky had a Unionist legislature whose resolve was strengthened by the presence of Grant's troops across the river in Illinois.

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic Began as an avian flu in Asia. Originated in China. Struck infants and the elderly particularly hard. Killed as many as 50 to 100 million people worldwide. Was kept out of the U.S. by stringent government health regulations.

Killed as many as 50 to 100 million people

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that Labor unions were not illegal combinations or monopolies. Segregated schools for blacks in Massachusetts did not violate the U.S. Constitution. Political refugees had no right to vote in state elections. Massachusetts tax money could not be used to support an unjust war against Mexico. Slavery was unconstitutional in Massachusetts.

Labor unions were not illegal combinations or monopolies.

Which of the following issues did not impede the growth of unions in the late 19th century? Limited financial resources Divisions over tactics Ethnic and religious diversity of the working class Divisions between skilled craftsmen and common laborers Lack of interest on the part of workers because their real wages were rising and conditions were improving

Lack of interest on the part of workers because their real wages were rising and conditions were improving

"Black codes" were Federal laws that clearly presented the rights that former slaves had. Guidelines that southern judges followed in making decisions involving black. Agreements in northern states to keep blacks from moving into certain neighborhoods. Laws passed by southern state legislatures to restrict the freedoms of blacks. Unwritten laws in the South that allowed blacks to only work in agriculture.

Laws passed by southern state legislatures to restrict the freedoms of blacks.

Why did the states of the Upper South join the Confederacy? Lincoln called for volunteers to suppress the rebellion in the Lower South. The Crittenden compromise was rejected. Richmond was designated the capital of the Confederacy. Northern troops were defeated at the first battle of Manassas. Lincoln announced his intention of appointing William Seward as secretary of state.

Lincoln called for volunteers to suppress the rebellion in the Lower South.

Along the overland trail, how did the duties of men and women compare? Most women packed and unpacked the wagons in addition to performing their traditional duties. Women drove the wagons, and men packed and unpacked them. Men milked the cows, and women helped in standing guard against Indian raids. Men and Women shared all duties equally. All of these choices.

Most women packed and unpacked the wagons in addition to performing their traditional duties.

Initially, what method did both the North and the South use to raise their armies? Local rallies to sign up volunteers Calling up state militias Raising the pay of officers National conscription None of these choices

Local rallies to sign up volunteers

In the United States v. Knight Company, the Supreme Court diminished the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by ruling that Manufacturing was not interstate commerce. The Granger Laws were unconstitutional because states could not regulate interstate commerce. Employers could force employees to sign and abide by "yellow dog contracts." Holding companies, which simply owned a controlling share of the stock of other firms, were not subject to antitrust laws. All trusts and monopolies in interstate commerce were illegal and could be broken up by the federal government.

Manufacturing was not interstate commerce.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the differences between single working-class women and married working-class women in the nineteenth century? Married women had the assistance of their husbands at home and in the factory, while single women accepted an ideology of domesticity based on the idea of separate spheres. Married women worked in cigar factories, whereas single women did needlework at home. Married women commonly hired maids and cooks to ease the burden of their work at home, whereas single women usually did most of the work themselves. Married women were able to work in factories because of the large number of unmarried women available to provide childcare. Married women commonly worked under sweatshop conditions within the tenements, whereas single women often viewed outside work as an opportunity.

Married women commonly worked under sweatshop conditions within the tenements, whereas single women often viewed outside work as an opportunity.

In the latter half of the nineteenth century, where did the federal government attempt to confine all Plains Indian tribes? Nebraska and Kansas Texas and Arizona Oklahoma and South Dakota California and Oregon Utah and Montana

Oklahoma and South Dakota

In the 1840s, which of the following groups was not likely to support territorial expansion? Members of the Whig party Southern slaveholders Poor urban laborers Irish immigrants Land speculators

Members of the Whig party

Although Wild West Shows celebrated cowboys as quintessentially American, in truth they shared much in common with the Sheepherders of the English Lake District; Barbary pirates of the early 19th century; Crusaders of Medieval Europe; Puritans of Colonial Massachusetts. Mexican vaqueros and Argentinean gauchos;

Mexican vaqueros and Argentinean gauchos.

In the United States, which of the following was not a reason for opposition to the Mexican-American War? The president was precipitating the nation into a fathomless abyss of crime and calamity. The war was being fought over territory that the United States had never claimed. The president had undercut congressional authority by announcing that the war already existed. Mexico's army was four times the size of American forces and would therefore be unbeatable. A mere border incident was being used as an excuse to provoke a war to acquire more slave territory.

Mexico's army was four times the size of American forces and would therefore be unbeatable.

Many northern states passed personal-liberty laws in order to minimize the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law. weaken the position of free blacks in their states. protect the rights of white men against the attacks of abolitionists and women. make sure that the Bill of Rights was respected. weaken the abolitionist movement by offering some personal liberties to blacks but not true equality.

Minimize the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law.

The Morrill Land Grant Act provided Union widows 50 acres of land and a mule. Free land to Union veterans after the war. Money to states to establish universities that emphasized agriculture and mechanical arts. 160 acres free to settlers who lived on the land for five years. Land to former slaves along the coast of South Carolina

Money to states to establish universities that emphasized agriculture and mechanical arts.

Why did the federal government during the late nineteenth century tend to ignore the social consequences of industrialization? Most American leaders, regardless of party, believed in the laissez-faire doctrine and did not support a large governmental role in the economy. Congressmen believed only the president had the constitutional authority to regulate societal issues. Most leaders believed in communism's focus on individual decision making and not government directed policy. Local party bosses refused federal government assistance. Americans believed that volunteer Christian organizations should take care of societal problems.

Most American leaders, regardless of party, believed in the laissez-faire doctrine and did not support a large governmental role in the economy.

How did the Civil War affect ordinary workers in the North? Because of general prosperity, a smaller proportion of women had to work outside the home. Most suffered from higher prices, increased taxes, and lagging wages. Setbacks in the clothing industry caused large numbers of garment workers and seamstresses to lose their jobs. Because of the wartime emergency, national unions were able to win sizable wage increases for many workers. Income for ordinary workers in defense plants soared.

Most suffered from higher prices, increased taxes, and lagging wages.

Which of the following statements best describes cowboys? Most were in their teens and twenties and worked for a year or two before pursuing different livelihoods. Cowboys were almost always white, because there was a deep prejudice against blacks and Mexicans among cattlemen. Cowboys were usually the owner-operators of cattle ranches. Cowboys were usually ne'er-do-well drifters. Cowboys were well paid and generally enjoying comfortable working conditions.

Most were in their teens and twenties and worked for a year or two before pursuing different livelihoods.

Which of the following was not an approach that Franklin Roosevelt used during the early years of his administration to fight the depression? Short-term emergency relief for the jobless, provided directly by the federal government if necessary. Public works projects to provide jobs and stimulate the economy. Nationalization of the railroads and steel industry. Business-government cooperation and pump-priming federal spending. Subsidized crop reduction.

Nationalization of the railroads and steel industry.

Which Union city experience a violent draft riot in 1863? New York City Chicago Boston Philadelphia Washington, D.C.

New York City

Which of the following is not evidence that public education in the late-nineteenth-century United States had become entangled in ethnic and class differences? The efforts to wrest control of schools from neighborhood leaders. New educational theories that stressed decentralized administration, repealed compulsory attendance, and de-emphasized white European conventions such as punctuality. The proliferation of private and parochial schools. The debates over classroom decorum. The controversy over compulsory education.

New educational theories that stressed decentralized administration, repealed compulsory attendance, and de-emphasized white European conventions such as punctuality.

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that Prohibition failed? The Volstead Act was underfunded. It proved impossible to enforce rules of behavior with which a significant portion of the population disagreed. Organized crime provided a ready supply of liquor. Prohibition laws were weakly enforced. New pharmaceutical discoveries cured the problem of alcohol abuse in a simpler way.

New pharmaceutical discoveries cured the problem of alcohol abuse in a simpler way.

The Teller Amendment asserted that the United States had The right to intervene in Cuban affairs to ensure Cuban stability. A responsibility to end the insurrection in the Philippines. The right to arbitrate the Venezuelan boundary dispute. No interest in sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control of Cuba. As much right as any European nation to trade with China.

No interest in sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control of Cuba.

Which of the following was not one of the reasons why both the North and the South were unprepared for war? The Union had only a small army, and one third of its officers had joined the Confederacy. The South had poor railroads and virtually no navy. Neither the North nor the South had the necessary tax structure to finance the war. No one in either section had expected hostilities. Northerners were uncertain about Lincoln's ability to lead the nation.

No one in either section had expected hostilities.

Which of the following magazines was viewed in the late nineteenth century as an important highbrow periodical? Cosmopolitan Ladies' Home Journal McClure's The Police Gazette North American Review

North American Review

Who was exempted from conscription during the Civil War? Southerners who could not afford the $300 conscription fee Southerners who sent their slaves to fight as substitutes Northerners who objected to war on moral ground Northerners who paid the government $300 All white southerners

Northerners who paid the government $300

The Salvation Army was Organized along pseudo-military lines to provide food, shelter, and temporary employment for families. Organized by urban immigrants to police their own ghettos. A social-welfare organization based on new ideas of gently persuading the urban poor to adopt middle-class values. Formed to employ military tactics to force poor immigrants out of respectable middle class neighborhoods. A branch of the military formed to clean up the slums.

Organized along pseudo-military lines to provide food, shelter, and temporary employment for families.

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act Defined clearly defined controversial terns like "trust" and "restraint of trade" for the first time. Was interpreted by the Supreme Court in ways sympathetic to labor unions. Fined violators up to $5 million. Called for up to 10 years in jail for individuals creating monopolies. Outlawed trusts and other monopolies that fixed prices in restraint of trade.

Outlawed trusts and other monopolies that fixed prices in restraint of trade.

What triggered the depression in the mid-1870s? 1875 Stock Market Crash 1874 Gold Boom 1876 presidential election Railroad Strike of 1877 Panic of 1873

Panic of 1873

The object of William Howard Taft's "Dollar Diplomacy" was to Encourage countries to invest in the U.S. stock market. Persuade European governments to cooperate in making financial decisions. Bribe Chinese officials to obtain concessions for American businessmen. Advance American commercial interests abroad. Use federal funds to buy access into South American countries.

Persuade European governments to cooperate in making financial decisions.

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act Was vague about the specific illegal practices that constituted "restraint of trade." Placed more restrictions on business activities that could lead to the formation of a monopoly. Protected archaeological sites in the Southwest. Weakened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Prohibited companies having more than 500 employees.

Placed more restrictions on business activities that could lead to the formation of a monopoly.

What was one reason that "dark horse" James K. Polk won the presidency in 1844? The Whig party appeared to be the party of immigration and alcohol. His running mate was a leading temperance crusader. He received an overwhelming popular vote. Polk came out strongly against a protective tariff. Polk convinced many northerners that the annexation of Texas would be in their best interest.

Polk convinced many northerners that the annexation of Texas would be in their best interest.

John Muir is best known for his work in Preserving America's wilderness areas. Fighting the railroads for greater passenger safety. Protecting the purity of American food. Ending child labor in factories. Lobbying for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.

Preserving America's wilderness areas.

Which of the following was one of the reasons why some antislavery northerners believed there was a southern conspiracy to extend slavery into the Southwest? Slaveholder Andrew Jackson had accepted southern participation in the Battle of the Alamo. Texas was being settled by German, pro-slavery immigrants. Abolitionists had uncovered a plot by southerners to invade Mexico and reinstitute slavery. President Tyler, a states' rights Democrat from Virginia, maneuvered to arrange the annexation of Texas. There was southern talk of creating an independent nation out of the Texas Territory.

President Tyler, a states' rights Democrat from Virginia, maneuvered to arrange the annexation of Texas.

The Ku Klux Klan was established after the Civil War to Terrorize blacks into submissive behavior and intimidate black voters. Protect the rights of small farmers from Northern land speculators. Frighten whites into electing former slaves to public office. Pressure the North to end the military occupation of the South.

Pressure the North to end the military occupation of the South

Of all the methods the northern and southern governments used to finance the war, which was the most effective in raising revenue? Income taxes Property taxes Sales taxes Government war bonds Printing paper money

Printing paper money

Horatio Alger influenced American society by Propagating the "rags to riches" idea. Leading a movement to expand public education to include all children in the United States. Convincing many Americans that the Anglo-Saxon race was superior to all others. Organizing workers into the National Labor Union. Describing the perilous conditions in factories and lobbied Congress to regulate them.

Propagating the "rags to riches" idea.

What did Adam Smith argue The Wealth of Nations? Self-interest acted as an "invisible hand" in the marketplace, automatically regulating the supply of and demand for services. A single tax would solve the nation's uneven distribution of wealth. Mechanization would become the "invisible hand" and automation would eliminate human labor. Wealth should be distributed evenly throughout society. Inexorable natural laws controlled the social order.

Self-interest acted as an "invisible hand" in the marketplace, automatically regulating the supply of and demand for services.

The Zimmermann telegram Contained proof that the Germans were committing such atrocities as bayoneting babies. Pledged that Germany would not sink any more merchant ships without giving warning and saving civilians. Proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico in a war against the United States after which, Mexico would receive New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. Demonstrated that Austria-Hungary had turned its back on Germany in order to save Italy. Revealed Germany's designs to conquer and colonize much of Central and South America.

Proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico in a war against the United States after which, Mexico would receive New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona.

The Lecompton Constitution Repealed the Missouri Compromise and officially adopted the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Protected the property rights of Kansas slaveholders and provided for a referendum on the admission of more slaves. Outlawed slavery in Kansas and petitioned Congress for statehood. Rejected the Kansas-Nebraska Act and proclaimed the Dred Scott decision to be the state's new guideline on slavery. Was adopted by a convention that was boycotted by proslavery forces who believed it would be rigged by free-soilers.

Protected the property rights of Kansas slaveholders and provided for a referendum on the admission of more slaves.

The Battle of the Alamo Represented the last time that Mexico aggressively attacked the United States. Provided a rallying point for Texans in their struggles against Mexico. Was a decisive victory by Texas against the Mexican army. Enabled Mexico to stop the attempt by Texas to become independent. Forced Mexico to grant Texas its independence.

Provided a rallying point for Texans in their struggles against Mexico.

Amusement parks were important to the urban poor because they Enabled female workers to escape from the control of their husbands. Provided construction and maintenance jobs for unemployed workers. Showed the opportunities provided when you worked hard. Provided an opportunity for a brief escape from life in the tenements. Allowed the urban poor to be treated on the same terms as other economic classes.

Provided an opportunity for a brief escape from life in the tenements.

In the 1820s, Mexico attempted to attract American settlers to Texas by Forcing Native Americans to leave Texas for New Mexico. Providing generous land grants to recruiting agents. Introducing a viable economic commodity in long horn cattle. Offering any settler $1,000 and 200 acres of land. Promising to make Texas a Protestant state.

Providing generous land grants to recruiting agents.

How were blacks treated in the North during the late nineteenth century? Public opinion sanctioned widespread de facto discrimination. The influence of northern labor unions kept northern society racially integrated and equal. Most Democratic politicians in northern cities used their political machines to make white supremacy the official policy. The abolitionist legacy was still strong in the North and so most northerners continued to strive for an egalitarian society. As a result of race riots and hard economic times, blacks were pressured to move to southern cities.

Public opinion sanctioned widespread de facto discrimination.

Before his assault on Harpers Ferry in 1859, John Brown had gained notoriety by Challenging Stephen Douglas to a debate. Massacring five pro-slavery settlers in Kansas. Publishing a anti-slavery journal that savagely attacked the South. Conspiring with Denmark Vesey to start a slave rebellion in South Carolina. Kidnapping slaveholders in the South and publicly executed them.

Publishing a anti-slavery journal that savagely attacked the South

In late-nineteenth-century cases dealing with the rights of blacks, what did the Supreme Court decide? Racism in government programs was constitutional but not in private businesses. The civil-rights clauses of the Fifteenth Amendment were unconstitutional. Poll taxes and literacy tests were illegal. The Fourteenth Amendment protected citizens from private acts of discrimination but not from governmental acts. Racial segregation was constitutional as long as each race had equal facilities.

Racial segregation was constitutional as long as each race had equal facilities.

Helen Hunt Jackson Wrote the first stories of the glories of military service in the West. Rebuked the government for constantly breaking the treaties with the Indians. Lobbied Congress to establish schools for Indians. Was the first dime novelists. Taught settlers how to burn bison dung.

Rebuked the government for constantly breaking the treaties with the Indians.

Which of the following agencies was created during the Hoover administration to help failing financial institutions and continued to be active through the New Deal years? Reconstruction Finance Corporation National Recovery Administration Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Tennessee Valley Authority Federal Emergency Relief Administration

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

In the 1920s, housework Became simpler because air conditioning and electric heat made homes cleaner. Reduced in terms of hours and sheer physical effort thanks to electrification, store-bought clothing, and purchased food. "Socialized" through cooperative apartments, commercial laundries, and other collective forms of housework. Made easier for middle-class housewives because they were able to hire immigrant women and farm girls for household help. Increased because industrialization and crowded urban conditions made homes dirtier.

Reduced in terms of hours and sheer physical effort thanks to electrification, store-bought clothing, and purchased food.

Under the sharecropping system, poor farmers would Do handiwork on large farms in exchange food. Work as wage laborers on the farms of large landowners. Pool their land and shared in whatever crops they produced. Receive a share of the crop from a large farm in an early version of a welfare system. Rent land from large landowners in exchange for half the crop produced on the land.

Rent land from large landowners in exchange for half the crop produced on the land.

What did Ulysses S. Grant's election in 1868 suggest? Sound money was the first priority for most voters. Reconstruction was not popular anywhere in the country. Americans were wary of military men in politics. American voters were tired of corruption in government. Republicans needed the newly enfranchised southern freedmen to ensure national victories.

Republicans needed the newly enfranchised southern freedmen to ensure national victories.

During the last years of the nineteenth century, the United States responded to events in China by Sending an American gunboat to force the Manchu dynasty to capitulate. Demanding that an arbitration commission be established. Sending covert aid to the Harmonious Righteous Fists in an effort to overthrow the anti-Western Manchu empress. Requesting equal trading privileges and the opening of trading ports in China. Bombing the capital until Chinese terrorists surrendered.

Requesting equal trading privileges and the opening of trading ports in China.

According to the doctrine of "popular sovereignty, or "squatter sovereignty," territories should have the right to expand their territory. the United States should rule Mexico directly. territories should extend the right to vote to all male settlers in the Far West. native Indian peoples had a right to hold on to the lands they were already cultivating. residents of a territory should be allowed to decide whether or not to permit slavery.

Residents of a territory should be allowed to decide whether or not to permit slavery.

Which of the following was not one of the ways that Andrew Carnegie revolutionized the steel industry? Utilizing vertical integration to minimize costs and maximize profits. standardizing workplace procedures to achieve greater efficiency. Restructuring the criteria for wages so that his workers could have the highest wage scales in the country. Incorporating the Bessemer process in his steel manufacturing factories. Applying rigorous cost accounting.

Restructuring the criteria for wages so that his workers could have the highest wage scales in the country.

Who led the Texas army that defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto? Jim Bowie Henry Dallas Davey Crockett Stephen F. Austin Sam Houston

Sam Houston

Which of the following is not associated with "Grantism"? Whiskey ring Fraud, bribery, and political corruption Crédit Mobilier Jay Gould Seward's Ice Box

Seward's Ice Box

During the 1880s and 1890s, which new obligation was added to the traditional middle-class woman's role as director of the household? She had to foster a home environment which would encourage her husband to share both his breadwinning duties and her homemaking duties. She had to cultivate her special maternal gifts, especially her sensitivity toward children and her aptitude for religion. She had to foster an artistic environment that would nurture her family's cultural improvement. She had to seek outlets for her creative energies outside the home. She had to be the moral beacon shining light across a sea of male decadence

She had to foster an artistic environment that would nurture her family's cultural improvement.

Why was Dorothea Dix significant during the Civil War? She headed the Union's nursing corps. She was one of President Lincoln's principal advisers. She became the first woman general in the army. She served as a Union spy in the Confederate government. None of these choices

She headed the Union's nursing corps.

What did Eleanor Roosevelt see as her primary role as First Lady? She wanted to be a gracious hostess for the many dignitaries who visited the White House. She wanted to promote an appreciation of the arts. She wanted to personally draft legislation and forge foreign policy. She wanted to support her husband and be a light presence at social functions. She wanted to serve as an observer for her husband and promote social reform.

She wanted to serve as an observer for her husband and promote social reform.

What tied the United States to the Allies even before it entered war in 1917? A pledge to support only democracies in wartime. An agreement with the British exchanging bases for destroyers. An alliance with the French guaranteeing French colonial possessions. Significant economic and cultural ties. Membership in the League of Nations.

Significant economic and cultural ties.

Where was the American Federation of Labor's main source of strength? Skilled trades Immigrant blue collar workers Factories and mills Urban white-collar workers Farm workers

Skilled trades

Which of the following is a valid conclusion to draw about the ways in which immigrants adjusted to urban life in their new society? Immigrants were ashamed of their native culture. Immigrants came to the United States to try to become like Americans. Immigrants had little desire to become Americanized. The dominant American culture made assimilation impossible. Skilled workers and immigrants familiar with Anglo-American customs had relatively few problems adjusting, but for others, adjusting was difficult.

Skilled workers and immigrants familiar with Anglo-American customs had relatively few problems adjusting, but for others, adjusting was difficult.

Which piece of New Deal legislation established the principle of federal responsibility for social welfare and created the basic framework for the welfare system? Social Security Act Revenue Act of 1935 Federal Securities Act Hatch Act Wagner Act

Social Security Act

The South had an advantage over the North in terms of Corn production Farm acreage Firearm production Population Soldier morale

Soldier morale

Why did the battle over black suffrage ultimately divide the women's rights movement? The leaders of the women's rights movement were racists who believed that black suffrage was a mistake. Some advocates of women's rights refused to support black suffrage without similar guarantees of woman suffrage. Half of the movement advocated focusing on the rights of black women, while the other half emphasized that first priority should be on the rights of black men. The women's rights movement had always avoided the debate over slavery, and many now feared being drawn into the new debate over black rights. A large part of the women's rights movement did not believe that a constitutional amendment was necessary in order to gain the vote.

Some advocates of women's rights refused to support black suffrage without similar guarantees of woman suffrage.

Where was the Democratic party strongest in the late 19th century? New England South Great Plains Upper Midwest West Coast

South

Who were the "new immigrants" who poured into the United States between 1890 and 1920? Irish Scandinavians and Germans Southern and eastern Europeans Chinese and Koreans English, Scottish, and Welsh

Southern and eastern Europeans

Which of the following did not happen to southern agriculture during the Civil War? Wheat and corn production declined. Southern farmwives took control of their farms and encouraged their husbands to stay in the army. Planters continued to plant cotton rather than grow food. Cotton production declined. There was a serious shortage of agricultural workers.

Southern farmwives took control of their farms and encouraged their husbands to stay in the army.

Which of the following was not one of the reasons why only a small proportion of blacks were able to own farms by the end of Reconstruction? Southern industrialists needed laborers to work in their new urban factories. Southern planters needed a source of cheap labor to work on their plantations. White southerners did not want to sell their land to blacks. Most blacks lacked the capital to buy the land and equipment. Neither Congress nor the states imposed large-scale land reform.

Southern industrialists needed laborers to work in their new urban factories.

Which of the following was not a feature of Lincoln's "10 percent plan"? State governments could be formed when at least 10 percent of those who had voted in 1860 had sworn allegiance to the Union and accepted emancipation. Freedmen were excluded from participation because they had not been voters in 1860. Confederate officials needed presidential pardons before they could participate in the new governments. Confederate army and naval officers needed presidential pardons before they could participate in the new governments. Southern plantations were to be confiscated and divided among the blacks who had formerly worked there as slaves.

Southern plantations were to be confiscated and divided among the blacks who had formerly worked there as slaves.

According to the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which of the following conditions was the only one that did not have to be met before former Confederate states could be readmitted to the Union? Southern states had to devise plans to finance veterans' benefits for former Confederate soldiers. The Fourteenth Amendment had to be incorporated into the federal Constitution. Southern states had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. Southern states had to draft new constitutions with the approval by Congress that granted black suffrage. Southern black voters and whites who were not disqualified by the Fourteenth Amendment had to be allowed to elect delegates to state constitutional conventions.

Southern states had to devise plans to finance veterans' benefits for former Confederate soldiers.

What major change took place during the late nineteenth century in the teaching of medicine, architecture, engineering, and law? College faculties were purged of anyone who was not a native-born American. Colleges refused to train these professionals because the American public had demonstrated strong prejudice against them. Admissions standards dropped as the professions tried to compete with the higher-paying business world. State boards of education agreed that training for such professions would best be accomplished at European universities. Standards were raised and practice was professionalized.

Standards were raised and practice was professionalized.

As a result of the 1858 Illinois senatorial election, Stephen Douglas became the leader of the new Republican party. Abraham Lincoln became the new Republican senator from Illinois. the Democratic party was able to solidify its dominance of national politics. Abraham Lincoln's political career went into temporary eclipse. Stephen Douglas lost crucial political support in the southern states.

Stephen Douglas lost crucial political support in the southern states.

How did industrialization affect skilled craftsmen? Skilled craftsmen were needed to operate machinery. Industrialization allowed skilled craftsman to flourish as many people came to realize the value of products produced by hand. Subdividing the manufacture of a product into smaller jobs meant that an individual no longer manufactured an entire product. Skilled craftsmen were transformed into "aristocrats" in the world of labor. The tension of assembly-line work caused formerly sober, disciplined craftsmen to drink on the job.

Subdividing the manufacture of a product into smaller jobs meant that an individual no longer manufactured an entire product.

Why did the number of professional organizations, and their membership, increase markedly during the first two decades of the twentieth century? The middle class viewed such organizations as the best way to impress the old aristocratic families. Such organizations helped to provide the middle class with an entrée into local political organizations. Until the twentieth century, professional organizations were looked upon as badges of shame or poverty. Many professions were on the decline and formed organizations to protect themselves. Such organizations provided a sense of professional identity for the white-collar middle class.

Such organizations provided a sense of professional identity for the white-collar middle class.

In what type of building did most urban poor people live in the late 19th century? Tenements Town homes Skyscrapers Single family housing Sod houses

Tenements

Which of the following individuals was considered a Radical Republican? Susan B. Anthony Horatio Seymour Andrew Johnson Thaddeus Stevens Lorenzo Thomas

Thaddeus Stevens

What did Booker T. Washington argue? That black Americans should leave the United States and return to Africa. None of these choices That black Americans should align themselves with the Democratic Party. That black Americans should acquire useful skills and patiently accept their lot until racism faded. That black Americans should launch a rebellion against white oppression.

That black Americans should acquire useful skills and patiently accept their lot until racism faded.

Which of the following is not one of the reasons why the Confederacy expected assistance, or at least diplomatic recognition, from France or Great Britain? A permanent division of the United States would benefit European colonial designs in the Western Hemisphere. There was considerable diplomatic friction between Great Britain and the Union. Britain depended on the South for four-fifths of its cotton. The French and British upper classes were thought to be sympathetic to the South. The British Prime Minister had secretly promised aid and recognition to Jefferson Davis in 1860.

The British Prime Minister had secretly promised aid and recognition to Jefferson Davis in 1860.

Why did Cotton Diplomacy fail? None of these choices Union forces destroyed most of the South's cotton fields in 1861 and 1862. Northern border states were able to supply Great Britain with all the cotton it needed. The Confederacy overestimated Britain's dependence on southern cotton. All of these choices

The Confederacy overestimated Britain's dependence on southern cotton.

What does the "monetarist" theory argue was the cause of the stock-market crash? The capitalist system's inherent greed for money The Federal Reserve System's tight monetary policies. Herbert Hoover's insensitivity. The depressed agricultural sector's dragging impact. Trade unions' high wage demands

The Federal Reserve System's tight monetary policies.

In the Slaughterhouse cases of 1873 the Supreme Court proclaimed that Congressional Reconstruction governments were unconstitutional because they had been forced upon the south. The Fourteenth Amendment only protected the basic rights of national citizenship, not rights that fell to citizens by virtue of their state citizenship. Congress had the power to ensure each state a republican form of government. The Fifteenth Amendment did not confer the right of suffrage upon anyone. Where civil courts were functioning, civilians could not be tried by military courts or commissions.

The Fourteenth Amendment only protected the basic rights of national citizenship, not rights that fell to citizens by virtue of their state citizenship.

Which of the following statements concerning the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s is not true? It promised to restore the nation's lost racial, ethnic, religious, and moral purity. The Klan targeted blacks, Catholics, or Jews, depending on the region. The Klan dropped the elaborate rituals, titles, and costumes of the Reconstruction era in order to attract a mass membership. Estimates of Klan membership in the 1920s range as high as 5 million Americans. The Klan was made up of ordinary Americans.

The Klan dropped the elaborate rituals, titles, and costumes of the Reconstruction era in order to attract a mass membership.

Which of the following Reconstruction laws is correctly paired with one of its provisions? The Supplementary Freedman's Bureau Act prohibited the president from removing federal officials without consent of the Senate. The Reconstruction Act of 1867: invalidated state governments formed under Lincoln and Johnson. Amnesty Act: proclaimed that only Confederate soldiers at or below the rank of private would be entitled to military pensions. Army Appropriations Act: declared that the U.S. Army would be a fully integrated force. The Civil Rights Act of 1866: required military commanders to initiate voter enrollment

The Reconstruction Act of 1867: invalidated state governments formed under Lincoln and Johnson.

In his 1860 address at Cooper Union, Abraham Lincoln proclaimed that the South would be satisfied only if they were convinced that The federal government had the power to restrict slavery in the territories The tariff that Republicans favored would not apply to the importation of new slaves; A Republican administration would support filibustering expeditions to Cuba; The Republicans agreed that slavery was morally and legally right; The Fugitive Slave Act was wrong.

The Republicans agreed that slavery was morally and legally right.

What advantage did the South have over the North at the beginning of the Civil War? The South possessed a larger population. The South had more railroads. The South had better military leaders. The South was politically united. The South had a majority of the country's armaments factories.

The South had better military leaders.

What happened in Exparte Merryman? President Lincoln was indicted for violating the Tenure of Office Act. The Supreme Court ruled that civilians could not be tried by military tribunals when the civil courts were open. President Lincoln agreed to abide by Supreme Court decisions on questions of presidential power. The Supreme Court ruled that President Lincoln had exceeded his authority in suspending habeas corpus in Maryland. The Supreme Court ruled that in wartime the president had the authority to banish anyone making treasonable statements.

The Supreme Court ruled that President Lincoln had exceeded his authority in suspending habeas corpus in Maryland.

How did the Trent affair almost trigger a war between the United States and Great Britain? A Union diplomat insulted the British monarch. None of these choices British shipyards built the Trent to serve in the Confederate navy as a commerce raider. American frontiersmen crossed the Canadian border and attacked some settlers. The Union navy seized a ship carrying Confederate diplomats going to Great Britain and France.

The Union navy seized a ship carrying Confederate diplomats going to Great Britain and France.

In the Mexican-American War, why was the United States victorious in virtually all its encounters with Mexican forces? Santa Anna refused to risk his troops in a direct fight. President Polk reassigned half of Winfield Scott's forces to General Taylor. The United States possessed superior artillery and supplies. the American army outnumbered the Mexicans at virtually every battle. American generals employed the new military doctrine of "the static army" and remained in one location, forcing the Mexicans to travel hundreds of miles to encounter them.

The United States possessed superior artillery and supplies.

Which statement concerning the presidential election of 1852 is true? Franklin Pierce refused to run for reelection. The Whig party lost much support in the South and began to break up. Franklin Pierce won a close victory. Whig candidate Winfield Scott won by vigorously endorsing the Compromise of 1850. The Republican party made its first major electoral gains.

The Whig party lost much support in the South and began to break up.

Which of the following provisions was not part of Henry Clay's "Omnibus Bill"? The federal assumption of the Texas debt. The abolition of slavery in states west of the Mississippi. The admission of California as a free state. The abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia. A new fugitive slave law.

The abolition of slavery in states west of the Mississippi.

In the course of his campaign against Stephen Douglas in 1858, Abraham Lincoln declared all of the following except Social and political equality between blacks and whites was not desirable. The Dred Scott decision rendered popular sovereignty "as thin as soup boiled from the shadow of a pigeon that had starved to death." This nation cannot exist permanently half slave and half free. The best way to preserve the Union was to ensure that slavery was legal in all states, North and South. Congress had no constitutional authority to abolish slavery in the South.

The best way to preserve the Union was to ensure that slavery was legal in all states, North and South.

Great Britain and the United States almost went to a war between in the 1840s because of a dispute over Trade along the St. Lawrence Waterway. Which country had the rightful claim to gold in Alaska. Whether Great Britain should help Mexico grow cotton. The border between the Oregon territory and British Columbia. Fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland.

The border between the Oregon territory and British Columbia.

Which of the following is not true about the American economy during World War I? Prices and wages rose. Cigarette consumption more than tripled. Factory production increased by one-third. Agricultural prices more than doubled The civilian work force contracted as Americans joined the armed forces.

The civilian work force contracted as Americans joined the armed forces.

Which of the following was not a reason the days of the open range and great cattle drives came to an end after the mid-1880s? Cattle prices declined. The ranges were overgrazed and too crowded. Severe winters and dry summers in 1885 and 1886 caused severe hardships. The demand for beef declined as more people turned to cheaper food. The expansion of the railroads throughout the West cut across grazing areas.

The demand for beef declined as more people turned to cheaper food.

In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that The government could curtail free speech when exercise of it presented a "clear and present danger" to the country. The U.S. Railroad Administration had acted unconstitutionally in taking over privately owned rail lines. The conviction of Ethel Rosenberg on espionage charges had been unconstitutional. Segregated facilities for whites and blacks were acceptable as long as the accommodations were equal. The federal government did not have the right to propagandize American citizens.

The government could curtail free speech when exercise of it presented a "clear and present danger" to the country.

What feature of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 established the basic framework of federal agricultural policy for decades to come? Farm workers were now covered by collective bargaining and minimum wage laws. In order to boost agricultural production the government made loans to farmers to invest in more land, machinery, and labor. The government encouraged the survival of the family farm by withholding aid to agribusiness. The government provided subsidies to producers of major farm commodities in return for cutting production. In years of big harvests and low prices, the government would make loans to farmers and store their surplus crops in government warehouses.

The government provided subsidies to producers of major farm commodities in return for cutting production.

What did the Triangle Shirtwaist fire illustrate about the problems in American society? The effectiveness of state regulation of factories. That industrialists cared about the best interest of their workers. That most Americans cared very little for black workers. The heavy toll that industrialization had taken on American life. Just how little Woodrow Wilson understood about fire safety.

The heavy toll that industrialization had taken on American life.

Which of the following is not a reason why the Know-Nothing party declined rapidly? The party's difficulty reconciling its antislavery attitudes with its anti-Catholic impulses. The party proved vulnerable to the challenge posed by the emerging Republican party. The party's radical policy of open membership and public meetings. The party's split into northern and southern. The party's acceptance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

The party's radical policy of open membership and public meetings.

Which of the following was not one of the effects of emancipation on the black family in the years after the Civil War? Black men often asserted themselves as heads of households. Black women withdrew from the work force to care for homes and family. Many blacks legalized marriages that had been formed under slavery. The majority became single-parent families as men left their wives and set out to seek their fortunes. Many blacks migrated from the countryside to towns and cities.

The majority became single-parent families as men left their wives and set out to seek their fortunes.

In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed the corruption in The oil refining industry. The meatpacking industry. The Bureau of Indian Affairs. The railroads industry. The steel industry.

The meatpacking industry.

What was the result of the "sexual revolution" of the 1920s? It produced a surge in pornographic lyrics in popular music. It led to a significant increase in the divorce rate. The new custom of casual dating developed. There was a significant increase in premarital sex. It eradicated the "double standard" of sexual behavior for men and women.

The new custom of casual dating developed.

The "Conscience Whigs" were Southern antislavery Democrats who were looking for an alternative political party. Northern politicians who believed that the best way to eliminate slavery was to curb expansionist sentiment among southerners. The southern, proslavery wing of the party, led by John Bell. Members of the Whig party who were convinced that their party had an obligation to adhere to the terms of the Compromise of 1850. The northern, antislavery wing of the party, led by Senator William Seward of New York.

The northern, antislavery wing of the party, led by Senator William Seward of New York.

Why was the Union more politically cohesive than the Confederacy? Jefferson Davis encouraged dissent as a way of sharpening Confederate resolve. The South had no tradition of vigorous politics or strong political leadership. The presence of a vocal and politically powerful opposition in the North forced the Republicans to unite behind their leader. The multiplicity of political parties in the South made Confederate party politics vicious and divisive. There was little political dissent in the North because northerners were united in a crusade against slavery.

The presence of a vocal and politically powerful opposition in the North forced the Republicans to unite behind their leader.

What did the Sacco-Vanzetti case reveal? The need for immigration restrictions. The strong ethnic prejudices in the United States. The growing division over the use of the death penalty. The corruption in Boston's "Little Italy." The growing ties between immigrants and blacks.

The strong ethnic prejudices in the United States.

In the early 1920s religious fundamentalists focused especially on which of the following issues? Eradicating slum conditions in cities Restricting the immigration of Catholics and Jews The theory of evolution The sexual revolution Equal rights for women

The theory of evolution

What was the main issue in the 1916 presidential elections? Progressive reform. The war in Europe. Corruption in the executive branch. The marital infidelity of Charles Evans Hughes. Philippine independence.

The war in Europe

What was happened as a result of the 1906 "Brownsville Incident"? As part of the segregation that was introduced into Washington, D.C., during the Wilson administration, the Federal Government built a new community reserved for African Americans, just 5 miles from the Lincoln Memorial. African Americans in Brownsville, Texas, rioted when three white soldiers killed a group of black men who were relaxing at a local tavern. Theodore Roosevelt approved the dishonorable discharge of a regiment of black soldiers in Brownsville, Texas, because some members of the unit, goaded by racist taunts, had killed a local civilian. When a large freighter sprang a leak in New York Harbor, discharging millions of gallons of brown waste water into the bay, Gifford Pinchot and John Muir joined forces to save the wildlife of the region from extinction. When Theodore Roosevelt dined with Booker T. Washington at the White House, white Southern Democrats plastered the building with posters that called the structure "The New Brownsville of America."

Theodore Roosevelt approved the dishonorable discharge of a regiment of black soldiers in Brownsville, Texas, because some members of the unit, goaded by racist taunts, had killed a local civilian.

The Great White Fleet was a squadron of battleships sent around the world in 1907-1909 by Grover Cleveland. Woodrow Wilson. William McKinley. Theodore Roosevelt. William Howard Taft.

Theodore Roosevelt.

Which statement is an element of the compromise proposed by John Crittenden? Southerners would have to accept the personal economic loss if one of their slaves ran away. The principle of popular sovereignty should be applied to states' personal-liberty laws. The Missouri Compromise should be repealed. There should be another constitutional amendment declaring the Kansas-Nebraska Act as the guide for future slavery extension. There should be a constitutional amendment to prohibit federal interference with southern slavery.

There should be a constitutional amendment to prohibit federal interference with southern slavery.

Which of the following statements does not apply to the schools that white reformers and the federal government established for Indians in the late 19th century? The schools attempted to get Indians to abandon their traditional cultures. The schools focused primarily on vocational training. There were large federal tuition grants to enable Indians to attend Eastern Ivy League colleges. They included boarding schools modeled after those established for emancipated slaves. The schools did not completely stamp out Indian identity.

There were large federal tuition grants to enable Indians to attend Eastern Ivy League colleges.

What role did blacks have in the southern governments established under congressional Reconstruction? Blacks rarely filled any important positions in state government. Blacks held most of the political offices. Blacks dominated the ranks of the opposition Democratic party. Blacks formed a majority in most of the state legislatures. There were no black governors and only two black senators.

There were no black governors and only two black senators.

After the 1860 presidential election, why did Republicans reject any further compromise on the slavery issue? They believed that the nation was better off split in half because it obviously could not exist half slave and half free. They believed that moderate southerners would soon regain control, and that compromise on matters of basic principle was tantamount to surrender. They believed that war was the only method left to settle the issue. They believed that the issue had already been settled by the election of 1860. All of these choices

They believed that moderate southerners would soon regain control, and that compromise on matters of basic principle was tantamount to surrender.

Which of the following is not true about Radical Republicans such as Thaddeus Stevens? They favored black suffrage and federal support for public schools. They hoped to crush the planter aristocracy. They believed that the federal government should confiscate Confederate property. They believed that through intermarriage a true biracial society could be established in the South. They wanted to a period of extended military occupation in the south.

They believed that through intermarriage a true biracial society could be established in the South.

Which of the following was not an accomplishment of the new governments established under congressional Reconstruction? They confiscated land and redistributed it more equitable. They expanded state bureaucracies and increased salaries for state employees. They instituted ambitious programs of public works. They created public school systems. They increased state debts and taxes.

They confiscated land and redistributed it more equitable.

What did the Indians whom white emigrants encountered along the overland trail commonly do? They demanded alcohol before letting the emigrant's pass. They forced the emigrants into slavery. They cooperated with the emigrants. They attacked the emigrants. They stole from emigrant wagon trains.

They cooperated with the emigrants.

What did the work of Frances Willard of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union show about many women in the late nineteenth century? They could use a fad such as bicycling without corsets as the symbol of liberation from patriarchy. They could rebel against the fundamental assumptions of middle-class family structure and the woman's role within the family itself. They could undercut the very club movement that they professed to favor. They could challenge the cult of domesticity and expand women's sphere while at the same time remaining committed to women's nurturing and supportive role within the family. All of these choices

They could challenge the cult of domesticity and expand women's sphere while at the same time remaining committed to women's nurturing and supportive role within the family.

Besides providing some soldiers, what was the primary benefit of Union and Confederate conscription laws? They limited the number of men who could protest the harsh conditions caused by the war. They provided a pool of workers who were not qualified to be soldiers. They forced both sides to develop an accurate census. They encouraged men to volunteer for military service. They established the foundation for a larger military after the war.

They encouraged men to volunteer for military service.

Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of western state governments regarding woman suffrage? It was not a major concern, because there were few women in most western states. They believed that the West was a place where "men were men and women were women," and only men should vote. They refused to grant women suffrage because they feared women would vote for prohibition, put an end to gambling and brothels, and in general "clean up government." They preferred to wait and see how the "experiment" of woman suffrage would work out in the more progressive eastern states. They generally supported woman suffrage, sometimes hoping that it would attract women, families, and economic growth.

They generally supported woman suffrage, sometimes hoping that it would attract women, families, and economic growth.

Which of the following statements accurately describes most Great Plains Indians in the mid-nineteenth century? They hunted the migratory buffalo herds and utilized the all of the animal's body. They lived in cities with populations of 50,000 to 75,000. They adjusted quickly to reservation life because they were used to living in tribal communities. They lived in permanent villages and did some farming. They lived in nuclear family units and seldom saw others beyond their immediate relatives.

They hunted the migratory buffalo herds and utilized the all of the animal's body.

What did the writings of Thorstein Veblen, William James, and Herbert Croly have in common? They implicitly supported the need for far-reaching reforms of American society. They were the most prominent examples of the intellectual assault on progressivism that began around 1920. They were misread by progressives to mean that socialism was the nation's only hope of social reform. They formed the intellectual and ideological foundations of Social Darwinism. They provided the intellectual and legal arguments used to support Jim Crow laws.

They implicitly supported the need for far-reaching reforms of American society.

Which of the following was not one of the ways in which opponents of Reconstruction challenge it? They launched publicity campaigns to demean the new state constitutions. They used vigilante efforts to reduce black votes. They locked the doors to legislature buildings and met secretly in other facilities. They supported dissident Republican factions. They challenged the eligibility of black legislators and expelled them from office.

They locked the doors to legislature buildings and met secretly in other facilities.

How were the new research universities of the late 19th century different from earlier colleges? They made conscientious efforts to have both male and female students. They included health-related courses like physical education and sex education. They offered courses in a wide variety of subject areas, established professional schools, and encouraged faculty members to pursue basic research. They stressed the importance of teaching the classical subjects like Latin and Greek. They focused on teaching science and math.

They offered courses in a wide variety of subject areas, established professional schools, and encouraged faculty members to pursue basic research.

In the 1850s, what did filibusters like William Walker do? They led bands of proslavery "ruffians" into Kansas to vote illegally for a proslavery state legislature. They spoke on behalf of the Ostend Manifesto. They conducted raids across the border between Canada and Oregon, in an attempt to retake "lost" territory. They talked unceasingly in Congress to prevent the passage of any antislavery legislation. They organized unofficial military expeditions to Cuba and Central America.

They organized unofficial military expeditions to Cuba and Central America.

Which of the following functions was not typically performed by political bosses and precinct captains? They served as informal welfare agents for the needy. They ran settlement houses. They delivered votes at election time. They dispensed patronage jobs, contracts, and other political favors. They protected the troubled in the neighborhood.

They ran settlement houses.

What did Booker T. Washington believe was the best way for blacks to improve their status in the United States? They should migrate to the cities and open shops and other small businesses. They should struggle militantly against all forms of racial discrimination in order to gain educational opportunity. They should accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement while at the same time working hard and proving their economic value to society. They should leave the United States and return to their African origins. They should form a nationwide council to work for federal laws against lynching.

They should accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement while at the same time working hard and proving their economic value to society.

By the 1880s, what had happened to most southern farmers? They specialized in growing cash crops such as cotton and tobacco and therefore were particularly vulnerable to the fluctuations of commercial agriculture. They had left the land to become industrial workers because western competition drove southern farms out of business. They had sold their land to northern speculators. They were the wealthiest, most stable members of southern society. They were self-sufficient because they reverted to subsistence farming.

They specialized in growing cash crops such as cotton and tobacco and therefore were particularly vulnerable to the fluctuations of commercial agriculture.

What was the initial reaction of most Americans to the outbreak of World War I in Europe? They gleefully saw the war as a golden opportunity for American business to make money. They did not care because the United States had no ties to Europe. They wanted to ensure that the United States could stay out of the conflict. They feared that war in Europe would propel the United States into economic recession. They wanted the United States to declare war against Germany.

They wanted to ensure that the United States could stay out of the conflict.

Which of the following describes a method that many late nineteenth century eastern reformers wanted to use to deal with Native Americans? They wanted to move them to cities so that they could be modernized and Americanized. They wanted to put Indian men into the army so that they would learn the discipline of the white man. They wanted to provide them with formal schooling in English and destroy their native culture. They wanted to build special schools so that Indians could study and pass on their native cultures. They wanted to allow them to roam the western prairies, far from urban corruption and westernizing influences.

They wanted to provide them with formal schooling in English and destroy their native culture.

Which statement best describes the Germans who came to the United States before 1860? They were largely free-thinking radicals and political refugees. They were mainly Catholics drawn from the poorer classes. They were generally poor Jewish intellectuals. They were largely of urban working-class background. They were diverse, hardworking, and clannish.

They were diverse, hardworking, and clannish.

For a late-nineteenth-century unmarried working-class woman, why did amusement parks exert a powerful lure? They provided opportunities for the entire family to have a wholesome outing. They were places to buy bagels, baked potatoes, soda, and other foods and drinks not otherwise available. They had employment bureaus where factory owners recruited for high-paying jobs. They were places to meet friends, get away from parental supervision, and try out the latest dance steps. They offered opportunities to supplement meager wages through evening or weekend employment.

They were places to meet friends, get away from parental supervision, and try out the latest dance steps.

Why did black Americans migrate to northern cities during World War I? They were seeking the economic opportunities afforded by northern industrial expansion. Southern blacks knew that race relations in the North were idyllic compared with those in the South. The federal government had used the wartime emergency as an opportunity to end southern sharecropping. They knew of the northern race riots and decided to move north to help their brothers. They had been told that northern agriculture was more prosperous than southern agriculture.

They were seeking the economic opportunities afforded by northern industrial expansion.

Who coined the term "conspicuous consumption" to describe the excessive materialism and flaunting of wealth of America's captains of industry? E. L. Godkin Annie MacLean Mark Twain Thorstein Veblen W. E. B. Du Bois

Thorstein Veblen

The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 occurred when Thousands of settlers rushed into the Oklahoma Territory on April 22, 1889, to stake out homesteads. Thousands of "Exodusters" fled Mississippi for freedom. Congress forced the Santa Fe Railroad to sell land it had been hoarding. Gold was discovered in the Oklahoma Territory. Oil was discovered in the Oklahoma Territory.

Thousands of settlers rushed into the Oklahoma Territory on April 22, 1889, to stake out homesteads.

The purpose of the Enforcement Acts was Insure that the South accepted the outcome of the Civil War. To give federal troops authority to police former Confederate soldiers in the South. To enforce restrictions that were placed on blacks. To limit the scope of Reconstruction. To curb vigilante violence and protect black voters.

To curb vigilante violence and protect black voters.

Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission established? To investigate and oversee railroad activities. To encourage Americans not to buy imported goods. To regulate the disruptive activities of industrial unions. To control fluctuations in the international grain market. To encourage interstate cooperation in commercial ventures.

To investigate and oversee railroad activities

Black soldiers in the Union army Comprised nearly one-quarter of the Union army by the end of the war Were less likely than whites to die of diseases. Typically assigned to labor detachments or garrison duty and were therefore less likely to be killed in action. Were, from the start, paid the same as white soldiers. Were usually treated as prisoners of war when captured by Confederate troops.

Typically assigned to labor detachments or garrison duty and were therefore less likely to be killed in action.

The Federal Reserve Act, signed into law by Woodrow Wilson, provided a banking system that was Completely under government control. Under mixed public and private control. Centralized, with private banks that had no branches. Completely in private hands but that was regulated by the government. Decentralized, with private state banks that operated without federal regulation.

Under mixed public and private control.

The 1887 Dawes Severalty Act was designed to Provide Indians with the capital necessary to build a diversified economy. Destroy Indian tribes by allowing the greater use of force by the military. Undermine tribal bonds by treating Indians as individuals. Inspire greater tribal unity. Treat Indians as equals to white men.

Undermine tribal bonds by treating Indians as individuals.

During the 1850s, the American political system Saw the reemergence of the Federalist Party reemerged as a viable party. Was dominated by the Whig Party. Collapsed after the Democratic Party disbanded. Underwent a realignment as the Republicans emerged as a major party. Remained relatively stable with two major parties.

Underwent a realignment as the Republicans emerged as a major party.

Which group of battles is correctly identified as Union or Confederate victories? Union victories: Vicksburg, Shiloh, and Chickamauga Confederate victories: Chancellorsville, Chickamauga, and Antietam Confederate victories: Shiloh, New Orleans, and Fredericksburg Union victories: Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg

Union victories: Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg

In the 1896 election, which area was a center of William McKinley's political support? Sparsely settled Great Plains and Rocky Mountain states. Urban areas Southwest Southeast Atlantic seaboard

Urban areas

Which of the following statements accurately describes urban growth in the late 19th century. Urban areas remained about the same size as people tried to stay in more rural communities. Urban populations grew dramatically with cities such as Chicago growing by over 400 percent. While Atlantic seaboard cities like New York and Boston grew dramatically, interior cities like Cincinnati did not. The population of American cities grew on average 25 percent between the Civil War and 1900. City managers carefully planned and monitored urban growth before 1900.

Urban populations grew dramatically with cities such as Chicago growing by over 400 percent.

The Creel Committee on Public Information Was established by Woodrow Wilson to ensure that the American people had access to the full truth about the war. Was a propaganda agency secretly sponsored by the German foreign ministry. Attempted to turn public opinion against immigrants by painting them as agents of foreign revolution. Worked to drum up support for the election of Republican presidential candidate George Creel. Used propaganda to spread the U.S. government's official version of the war.

Used propaganda to spread the U.S. government's official version of the war.

According to its defenders in the late nineteenth century, college football Would teach students the military discipline and skills necessary as the U.S. became a world power. Was a safe sport that the nation's future business and professional leaders could undertake without fear of injury. Epitomized American democratic ideals, because all Americans played or watched the game. Was a character-building sport that could function as a surrogate frontier experience in an increasingly urbanized society.

Was a character-building sport that could function as a surrogate frontier experience in an increasingly urbanized society.

Which of the following was not a popular pastime during the depression? Listening to the radio Reading novels Listening to "swing" music Going to the movies Watching television

Watching television

What crop was found to grow very well in the Dakotas in the 1870s? Soybeans Wheat Tobacco Cotton Rice

Wheat

In the two years after the conclusion of World War I, which of the following occurred in the United States? Wide-scale harassment of suspected radicals, violence against blacks, and a rash of strikes Resurgence of the liberal reform spirit of the prewar year A split in the Democratic party into Eastern Internationalist and Western Isolationist branches The political vindication of Woodrow Wilson at the polls Renewed commitment to the Wilsonian vision of a liberal democratic world

Wide-scale harassment of suspected radicals, violence against blacks, and a rash of strikes

Which of the following was not one of the principles advocated by Terence V. Powderly and the Knights of Labor? Temperance. Producer and consumer cooperatives. Immigration restrictions. The admission of blacks into local Knights of Labor assemblies. Widespread and aggressive use of strikes.

Widespread and aggressive use of strikes.

Who argued that "The law of survival of the fittest was not made by man, and it cannot be abrogated by man. We can only, by interfering with it, produce the survival of the unfittest."? Herbert Spencer Josiah Strong William Graham Sumner Lester Frank Ward William Sylvis

William Graham Sumner

Who became famous for the "Cross of Gold" speech in the 1896 presidential election? Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt William McKinley William Jennings Bryan Eugene V. Debs

William Jennings Bryan

Which of the following people established an inner-city church to reach out to the poor? Josiah Strong Josephine Shaw Lowell Robert M. Hartley William Graham Sumner William S. Rainsford

William S. Rainsford

Which Union general burned Atlanta during the Civil War? William Tecumseh Sherman George Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Philip Sheridan Ambrose Burnside

William Tecumseh Sherman

The Fourteen Points were The Creel Committee's guidelines for censorship. David Lloyd George's plan for reconstructing the British Empire. Woodrow Wilson's statement of American war aims. Herbert Hoover's guidelines for conserving food. The Russian Bolsheviks' conditions for not revealing the secret treaties made prior to 1914.

Woodrow Wilson's statement of American war aims.

Besides the fact that its all-inclusive membership undermined its unity, why did the Knights of Labor collapse in the late 1880s? Its attempts to bribe elected officials led to embarrassing scandals. A large percentage of the population became alienated by the union's failure to offer membership to black workers. The union's support of Karl Marx angered many capitalists. Skilled workers became angered by the union's plan to help unskilled workers. Workers became disillusioned when a series of unauthorized strikes failed.

Workers became disillusioned when a series of unauthorized strikes failed.

Who were the 1932 "bonus marchers"? Farmers who threatened to dump milk and other agricultural products if they did not receive a government bonus for not producing farm surpluses. Trade unionists who marched on Washington when industrialists refused to pay the bonuses stipulated in union contracts. Young people who marched in the Civilian Conservation Corps. Federal government workers who objected to losing their Christmas bonus because of the depression. World War I veterans who marched on Washington to lobby for immediate cash payments of their veterans' bonuses.

World War I veterans who marched on Washington to lobby for immediate cash payments of their veterans' bonuses.

Where did a massacre of Indians occur in 1890? Red River Little Bighorn Dead Man's Pass Wounded Knee Fort Laramie

Wounded Knee

What military leader in the Mexican-American War became a national hero and eventually president? Robert E. Lee Zachary Taylor John D. Sloat John C. Frémont Winfield Scott

Zachary Taylor

In the late 19th century, John L. Sullivan represented America's love affair with racing boxing basketball football cycling

boxing

The teaching of this subject in public schools was the key issue in the Scopes Trial. biology racial equality sex education evolution creationism

evolution

Anthony Comstock was a founder of an elegant Chicago department store birth-control advocate moral-purity crusader New York City political boss Chicago gangster

moral-purity crusader

What two issues dominated national politics in the 1870s and 1880s? imperial expansion and immigration civil-service reform and working conditions in factories the money supply and civil-service reform the money supply and urban slums civil-service reform and imperialism

the money supply and civil-service reform