apush unit 4
"But if the reports which we now hear are true, that with England all hope of honorable accommodation is at an end, and that with France our negotiations are in a fowardness encouraging expectations of a favorable result, where is the motive for longer delay? The final step ought to be taken; and that step is WAR. By what course of measures we have reached the present crisis, is not now a question for freemen and patriots to discuss. It exists; and it is by open and manly war only that we can get through it with honor and advantage to the country. Our wrongs have been great; our cause is just; and if we are decided and firm, success is inevitable." Which of the following factors led to the War of 1812?
A. A Canadian invasion of New England. B. Growing American involvement in European commerce and affairs. C. The destruction of the White House by British ships. D. A Spanish invasion of California. The correct answer is (B). When the Napoleonic Wars erupted in Europe, America was inevitably drawn into the conflict. American ships crisscrossed the Atlantic Ocean trading with both England and France — the two key belligerents in the Napoleonic Wars.
"In November, of the same year, the Sally and Mary, a boat of sixty or seventy tons, ...had passed into the Canal, by the locks at Waterloo and the Seneca River...The vessel was not only received as the precursor of a commerce, which will be unlimited in its extent and importance, but as an interesting evidence of the ingenuity and enterprise of our countrymen. Her timbers grew near where she was built...her cargo was the produce of the fields from whence she sprung...her sails and rigging even, were emphatically domestic manufactures, for they were grown, and made, at the homes of her owners." What significant consequences did improvements during the Transportation Revolution, such as the Erie Canal, have on the American economy?
A. Canals stimulated the construction of boats which led to a major economic boom. B. Canal construction encouraged new inventions which boosted productivity. C. It had little impact on the economy because canals were quickly surpassed by automobiles and airplanes. D. Canals helped connect the regional and national economics. The correct answer is (D). Canals, and other transportation improvements such as the national road, facilitated commerce, especially in the former states of the Northwest territories.
"We found ourselves rather pressed, the Ohio Company appeared to purchase a large tract of the federal lands, about 6 or 7 million of acres— ;and we wanted to abolish the old system and get a better one for the Government of the Country— ;and we finally found it necessary to adopt the best system we could get. . . . When I drew the ordinance which passed (in a few words excepted) as I originally formed it, I had no idea the States would agree to the sixth Art. prohibiting Slavery— ; as only [Massachusetts] of the Eastern States was present—; and therefore omitted it in the draft—; but finding the House favourably disposed on this subject, after we had completed the other parts I moved the art—; which was agreed to without opposition." Which of the following developments best represents a logical extension of the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
A. Growing support for a Constitutional Convention to replace the Articles of Confederation B. Growing regional differences on the practice of enslavement C. Growing support for the relocation of Indigenous communities to reservations D. Growing economic differences between the North, South, and West The correct answer is (B). The North and South began to cultivate different attitudes on the morality of slavery after the American Revolution.
"The abolitionism which I advocate is as absolute as the law of God, and as unyielding as his throne. It admits of no compromise. Every slave is a stolen man; every slaveholder is a man stealer. By no precedent, no example, no law, no compact, no purchase, no bequest, no inheritance, no combination of circumstances, is slaveholding right or justifiable." What was an important consequence of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?
A. It overturned the Dred Scott decision by banning slavery in all parts of the newly acquired Louisiana territory. B. It caused the Civil War by permitting slavery in all parts of the Louisiana territory. C. It temporarily silenced debate but ultimately failed to resolve the controversy over slavery. D. It permanently resolved the debate over slavery by counting slaves as three-fifths of a person. The correct answer is (C). The Missouri Compromise permitted slavery in some parts of the Louisiana Purchase but banned it in others. The temporary compromise collapsed in the years leading up to the Civil War.
"But if the reports which we now hear are true, that with England all hope of honorable accommodation is at an end, and that with France our negotiations are in a fowardness encouraging expectations of a favorable result, where is the motive for longer delay? The final step ought to be taken; and that step is WAR. By what course of measures we have reached the present crisis, is not now a question for freemen and patriots to discuss. It exists; and it is by open and manly war only that we can get through it with honor and advantage to the country. Our wrongs have been great; our cause is just; and if we are decided and firm, success is inevitable." What impact did the War of 1812 have on American politics?
A. It ushered in the Era of Good Feelings. B. It led to the birth of the Free Soil party. C. It had no effect on American politics. D. It caused many Americans to be abstain from voting. The correct answer is (A). The Federalist Party had opposed the War of 1812 and collapsed after the conflict ended. This ushered in the Era of Good Feelings and the Democratic-Republican Party became predominant.
"In 1831 Lowell was little more than a factory village. Several corporations were started, and the cotton-mills belonging to them were building. Help was in great demand; and stories were told all over the country of the new factory town, and the high wages that were offered to all classes of work-people, stories that reached the ears of mechanics' and farmers' sons, and gave new life to lonely and dependent women in distant towns and farmhouses." In what ways, if any, did women participate in the Market Revolution?
A. Many women owned businesses and were legally entitled to receive equal pay. B. Women worked in unskilled or semi-skilled jobs for little pay. C. Women began to fill large numbers of skilled manufacturing jobs. D. Women did not participate in the Market Revolution because they felt it was improper to work outside the home. The correct answer is (B). Women, such as those who worked at the Lowell textile mills, received little pay and were limited to unskilled jobs. Men held the better-paying jobs that required more skill.
"By the stipulations of this instrument, we are despoiled of our private possessions, the indefeasible property of individuals. We are stripped of every attribute of freedom and eligibility for legal self-defence. Our property may be plundered before our eyes; violence may be committed on our persons; even our lives may be taken away, and there is none to regard our complaints. We are denationalized; we are disfranchised. We are deprived of membership in the human family! We have neither land nor home, nor resting place that can be called our own. And this is effected by the provisions of a compact which assumes the venerated, the sacred appellation of treaty." Which of the following factors put pressure on Native American territory in the southeastern US in the early 19th century?
A. Rumors of gold and silver deposits on Native American land. B. A desire to build factories and canals on Native American land. C. Soil depletion pushed farmers west in search of new land. D. A desire to punish Native American tribes for supporting Union forces during the Civil War. The correct answer is (C). Intensive farming had depleted the nutrients in the soil and productivity fell. As a result, farmers — especially owners of large cotton plantations — sought more fertile land.
"But when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages artificial distinctions, to grant titles, gratuities, and exclusive privileges, to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society the farmers, mechanics, and laborers who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustice of their Government." Which of the following early 19th century policies would Jacksonian Democrats have supported?
A. Tariffs because they raised the price of manufactured goods. B. A national bank because it made loans to humble citizens. C. The abolition of property requirements for elections and political candidates. D. The right of Southern states to secede when their complaints were ignored. The correct answer is (C). The early 19th century saw the expansion of suffrage to most white males in America. Jacksonian Democrats positioned themselves as advocates of the common man against the interests of political and economic elites, who benefitted from tariffs and the national bank. However, Jackson supported the Constitution and branded secession as treason.
"There is nothing more common than to confound the terms of the American Revolution with those of the late American war. The American war is over: but this is far from being the case with the American Revolution. On the contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed. It remains yet to establish and perfect our new forms of government; and to prepare the principles, morals, and manners of our citizens, for these forms of government, after they are established and brought to perfection." Which of the following issues would the Federalist Party have supported?
A. The Articles of Confederation. B. The passage of the Constitution. C. The need for a strong legislature. D. Opposition to the national bank. The correct answer is (B). The Federalist Party thought the Articles of Confederation were too weak and that the Constitution would provide a stronger government. Federalists thought the executive should have more power than the legislature. They also felt a national bank would help control the American economy.
"There is nothing more common than to confound the terms of the American Revolution with those of the late American war. The American war is over: but this is far from being the case with the American Revolution. On the contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed. It remains yet to establish and perfect our new forms of government; and to prepare the principles, morals, and manners of our citizens, for these forms of government, after they are established and brought to perfection." What position did Anti-Federalists take on the Bill of Rights?
A. The Bill of Rights was unnecessary because the Constitution provided enough protections. B. The Bill of Rights was illegal because the Constitution could not be altered. C. The Bill of Rights was necessary in order to restrain the federal government. D. The Bill of Rights actually was harmful because it gave more power to the federal government. Question 16 Explanation: The correct answer is (C). The Anti-Federalists opposed the stronger federal government established by the Constitution and wanted a Bill of Rights in order to protect individual liberty and the power of state governments.
"When the Churches are thus awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow. Their hearts will be broken down and changed. Very often the most abandoned profligates are among the subjects. Harlots, and drunkards, and infidels, and all sorts of abandoned characters, are awakened and converted. The worst of human beings are softened and reclaimed, and made to appear as lovely specimens of the beauty of holiness." What social consequences did the Second Great Awakening have in the early 19th century?
A. The Second Great Awakening focused on social justice which led to equality for women and African Americans. B. The premillennial aspects of the Second Great Awakening inspired a variety of dystopian communities. C. The postmillennial aspects of the Second Great Awakening inspired a variety of social reform movements. D. The Second Great Awakening led to greater ecumenical cooperation between Protestants and Catholics. The correct answer is (C). The Second Great Awakening strove for social perfection and thus urged believers to engage in various social reforms, such as temperance and abolitionism.
"So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty." Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the concept of judicial review, as established by Marbury v. Madison?
A. The Supreme Court should review laws that conflict with the Constitution but cannot declare a law is unconstitutional. B. When the law and Constitution conflict, it is impossible to know which takes precedent. C. When the law and Constitution conflict, the Supreme Court will always rule in favor of the law. D. The Supreme Court should review laws that conflict with the Constitution and can strike down a law as unconstitutional. The correct answer is (D). Judicial review allows the Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution and declare invalid any laws that conflict with it.
"In 1831 Lowell was little more than a factory village. Several corporations were started, and the cotton-mills belonging to them were building. Help was in great demand; and stories were told all over the country of the new factory town, and the high wages that were offered to all classes of work-people, stories that reached the ears of mechanics' and farmers' sons, and gave new life to lonely and dependent women in distant towns and farmhouses." What, if any, political implications did the Market Revolution have in the early 19th century?
A. The consequences of the Market Revolution played a key role in defining the Second Party System. B. The Democrats supported the Market Revolution because it stimulated industrialization. C. The Whigs opposed the Market Revolution because it led to greater social inequality. D. The Market Revolution had no political implications because everyone supported it. The correct answer is (A). The Whigs and Democrats developed sharp partisan differences about various economic issues, including the role of internal improvements, tariffs, and the national bank. Generally, the Whigs supported these economic policies while the Democrats opposed them.
"With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." Which of the following statements correctly summarizes the Monroe Doctrine?
A. The doctrine was an early example of American isolationist tendencies. B. The doctrine forced Spain to liberate all her remaining colonies. C. The doctrine meant little without the support of the British navy. D. The doctrine resulted in America acquiring many new colonies. The correct answer is (C). The doctrine declared the Western hemisphere came under America's sphere of influence. However, without a strong navy or army we relied on tactic British support which marks the beginning of the special relationship between the two countries.
"But when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages artificial distinctions, to grant titles, gratuities, and exclusive privileges, to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society the farmers, mechanics, and laborers who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustice of their Government." Why did Jacksonian Democrats oppose the Market Revolution and industrialization?
A. The economic changes created inequality and wage-dependency. B. The economic changes benefitted the South and impoverished the North. C. The economic changes reinforced support for slavery. D. Jacksonian Democrats favored socialism over capitalism. The correct answer is (A). Jacksonian Democrats feared that the Market Revolution and industrialization would create a new "aristocracy" that would dominate the working class. These workers were no longer self-reliant and were dependent on their employers.
Why is the presidential election of 1800 sometimes referred to as a "revolution?"
A. The electoral crisis led to the creation of the Constitution. B. It was a peaceful transition from a Federalist to a Democratic-Republican administration. C. It led to an armed conflict between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans over control of the White House. D. It was the first election in which women could vote. The correct answer is (B). After domination by Washington and the Federalist Party, Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans were swept into power. It was a peaceful transition despite fears of civil war and insurrection.
What consequences did the Whiskey Rebellion have?
A. The rebellion was put down which helped secure the authority of the new national government created by the Constitution. B. The rebellion nearly succeeded and thus hastened the end of the Articles of Confederation. C. Massacres during the rebellion resulted in the passage of the Bill of Rights. D. Washington was seriously wounded during the rebellion which led to the creation of the office of vice president in case the president died in office. The correct answer is (A). The Constitution gave the federal government the power to quell the Whiskey rebellion, unlike the weak Articles of Confederation which was nearly undone by Shay's Rebellion.
"But if the reports which we now hear are true, that with England all hope of honorable accommodation is at an end, and that with France our negotiations are in a fowardness encouraging expectations of a favorable result, where is the motive for longer delay? The final step ought to be taken; and that step is WAR. By what course of measures we have reached the present crisis, is not now a question for freemen and patriots to discuss. It exists; and it is by open and manly war only that we can get through it with honor and advantage to the country. Our wrongs have been great; our cause is just; and if we are decided and firm, success is inevitable." What impact did the War of 1812 have an American nationalism?
A. The war reduced nationalism because it was a decisive defeat for America. B. Although the war was a decisive defeat, it had no impact on American nationalism. C. Although the conflict was indecisive, it boosted American nationalism. D. Although the war was a decisive victory, it had no impact on American nationalism. The correct answer is (C). The War of 1812 helped unite Americans even though there was no clear winner. For example, Francis Scott Key penned "The Star-Spangled Banner" while watching British ships bombard Fort McHenry near Baltimore in 1814.
"The abolitionism which I advocate is as absolute as the law of God, and as unyielding as his throne. It admits of no compromise. Every slave is a stolen man; every slaveholder is a man stealer. By no precedent, no example, no law, no compact, no purchase, no bequest, no inheritance, no combination of circumstances, is slaveholding right or justifiable." How much support did Garrison's message find amongst Americans in the 19th century?
A. Very little — most Americans were indifferent to slavery or supported it. B. Very little — the lack of effective communications prevented Garrison from spreading his message. C. A lot — many Americans had long hated slavery and only needed a visionary like Garrison to lead them. D. A lot — most Americans felt ashamed of the nation's continued support for slavery. The correct answer is (A). Abolitionists were a zealous and uncompromising minority in antebellum America. Most Southerners supported slavery and many Northerners wished to avoid the subject.
Which of the following events helped secure American control over the future states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin?
A. Victory in the Northwest Indian War. B. Passage of the Northwest Ordinance. C. Jay's Treaty. D. All of the above The correct answer is (D). The Northwest Ordinance provided for the settlement of the five future states, supported public education, and banned slavery in the new territories. Although suffering initial defeats, the US Army proved victorious at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in the Northwest Indian War. Jay's Treaty forced the British to finally evacuate forts in the territory which they had promised to abandon after the Revolution.
"In November, of the same year, the Sally and Mary, a boat of sixty or seventy tons, ...had passed into the Canal, by the locks at Waterloo and the Seneca River...The vessel was not only received as the precursor of a commerce, which will be unlimited in its extent and importance, but as an interesting evidence of the ingenuity and enterprise of our countrymen. Her timbers grew near where she was built...her cargo was the produce of the fields from whence she sprung...her sails and rigging even, were emphatically domestic manufactures, for they were grown, and made, at the homes of her owners." Did all regions of the country benefit equally from the Transportation Revolution?
A. Yes — extensive canals, roads, and railroads were built throughout the nation. B. Yes — but only a few miles of canals and roads were built during this period. C. No — the North and old Northwest benefitted the most. D. No — the South lagged behind the North and Old Northwest so most of the improvements were constructed to help the South catch up. The correct answer is (C). The South built fewer internal improvements while the North and old Northwest funded more canal and railroad projects. The South had less capital to invest in such projects and they were not a political priority.
"In 1831 Lowell was little more than a factory village. Several corporations were started, and the cotton-mills belonging to them were building. Help was in great demand; and stories were told all over the country of the new factory town, and the high wages that were offered to all classes of work-people, stories that reached the ears of mechanics' and farmers' sons, and gave new life to lonely and dependent women in distant towns and farmhouses." Did all regions of the country benefit from the industrialization depicted in Robinson's memoir?
A. Yes — many factories in different industries were built throughout the nation. B. Yes — but only a few textile factories were built. C. No — the Southern economy had lagged behind the North and Old Northwest so they built more factories in order to catch up. D. No — the South had less capital to invest and focused on agricultural economic activity. The correct answer is (D). The Southern economy continued to rely on cash crops, such as tobacco and cotton, for decades. On the other hand, the North and Old Northwest industrialized rapidly during the early nineteenth century, especially in the realm of textile manufacturing.
Which of the following best describes the response made by the US government to the events depicted in the image? (The Whiskey Rebellion)
The federal government raised a militia to put down the rebellion. The federal government raised a militia made up of soldiers from multiple states to quell the rebellion.
