APWH Chapters 17-20 (Unit 5)

What was an important difference between China and the Ottoman Empire in the late nineteenth century?

Only the Ottoman Empire's civilization was embedded in a deeply religious tradition.

Advocates of maternal feminism based their claims for equal rights for women on

the distinctive role of women as mothers.

All are examples of the influence of nationalism outside the Euro-American world in the nineteenth century except

the fragmentation of China into multiple national identities.

What best describes the result of Napoleon's conquest and reform of European lands outside France?

The conquered accepted many of the reforms, but revolted against French control.

The reform program that transformed Japan during the final decades of the nineteenth century

substantially changed the social structure of Japan.

Industrialization in Russia differed from industrialization in the US in what way?

Industrialization was more state-directed in Russia than in the US.

What did the Young Turks advocate?

A militantly secular Turkish national state.

What role did Spain and Portugal play in the 2nd European imperialism?

A minor role

During China's Qing dynasty leadership in the latter half of the nineteenth century,

Chinese businessmen mostly served foreign firms.

What was a way in which European colonial rule transformed its colonies?

Colonial rule conveyed to the colonies some elements of Europe's modernizing process.

What is one reason why the Spanish American revolutions took longer and were more difficult than the (North) American Revolution?

Divisions of class, race, and region within Spanish America

Among the reasons that Europe industrialized first was that

European rulers fostered unusually close alliances with their merchant classes.

What is true of the women's movement by the early 1900s?

In the most industrialized countries of the West, it had become a mass movement.

Colonial rule in Africa had an impact on the lives of women in which way?

In areas where men worked far from home, women of impoverished families became heads of household.

What was an outcome of the American Revolution?

It accelerated the established democratic tendencies of the colonial societies.

How devastating was the Taiping conflict relative to other nineteenth-century conflicts in the world?

It caused the largest loss of life of any conflict in the nineteenth century.

How did contact with other civilizations contribute to Europe's Industrial Revolution?

It enabled Europe to draw disproportionally on the world's resources.

In what way did the Industrial Revolution drive European expansion in the nineteenth century?

It led to technological innovations that gave Europeans a military advantage.

In what way could the Industrial Revolution be seen as a failure, not a success?

It seriously damaged the environment and traditional cultural heritage.

What non-European country built a substantial colonial empire that bore important similarities to the empires of its European counterparts?

Japan

Who had not undergone its own wide-scale Industrial Revolution by 1900?

Latin America

Why did ordinary Europeans come to care whether their country gained new territories around the glove or not?

Many Europeans became swept up in mass nationalism.

Latin America diverged from Europe during the nineteenth century in which of the following ways?

Only a very limited market for manufactured goods developed in Latin America.

Industrialization led to violent social revolution only in

Russia.

What was an impact of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world?

Slave owners and whites were filled with a deep caution and fear.

What argument made the cause of abolition widely acceptable in the nineteenth century?

Slavery was no longer necessary for economic progress.

How did the Japanese colonial policies in Taiwan and Korea compare to European imperialist practice?

The Japanese were just as cruel toward their subjects as the Europeans were to theirs.

What is an explanation for why Britain was the first European country to industrialize?

The Scientific Revolution took a distinctive form in Great Britain in ways that fostered technological innovation.

What best describes the comparison between the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the Industrial Revolution as it unfolded in other lands across the globe?

The basic social outcomes were similar in Britain and other industrialized countries, but important differences also characterized how the process unfolded.

What European idea about Asians and Africans is older that the others, emerging before the nineteenth century?

The idea that Asians and Africans were "heathen" because they were not Christian.

What relationship existed between the number of white settlers and the degree of racial segregation and discrimination in African and Asian colonies?

The more white settlers in a colony, the more racial discrimination there was.

Why did Europeans become the vast majority of the population in New Zealand, Australia, and Hawaii?

The native population in these places had been decimated by European diseases.

What best characterizes the response of most Asian and African societies to European conquests in the 19th century?

The responses covered a wide range from active resistance to accommodation.

What was a reason for the failure of Marxist socialism to take root in the US?

The typically higher standard of living enjoyed by American workers in comparison to their European counterparts.

Why was the British working-class movement less overly revolutionary than its Russian counterpart?

The wages and living standards of working-class families in Britain rose without revolution.

What was the long-term plan of the British government for taking over control of India?

There was no long-range plan of the British government for taking over control of India.

What role did Hindu leaders such as Swami Vivekananda see for Indian spirituality in terms of Western culture?

They believed Indian spiritual beliefs could save the West from its own dangerous materialism.

What was the fate of decentralized societies that did not have a strong ruler or government under European conquest, such as the small kingdoms and chiefdoms of West Africa?

They faced protracted, brutal warfare and mass destruction, village by village.

What great fear drove the Latin American creole elites to pursue independence and political change?

They feared that social unrest from the lower classes and nonwhites would get out of control.

How did Europeans justify the paradox that they valued national independence and Enlightenment values such as freedom and equality, yet denied these things to the people they colonized?

They feared the unrest that would occur if their colonial subjects learned modern values such as nationalism and democracy.

What was one reason why Europeans needed to expand into new foreign markets?

To unload periodic surpluses of manufactured goods.

What best characterizes past explanations for Europe's Industrial Revolution?

Unique features of European society, economy, or history gave it a long-term advantage and head-start in industrializing.

What argument serves to counter the notion that European culture is inherently more suited to industry and technology?

Until about 1750, core areas of Europe, India, and China enjoyed similar levels of economic development.

In what region did the use of slaves increase over the second half of the nineteenth century?

West Africa

Which nation(s) had carved out "spheres of influence" in China by the end of the nineteenth century?

Western nations plus Russia and Japan.

The Industrial Revolution was a global phenomenon in all of the following ways except

Within a century of Britain's industrialization, fully industrial societies had emerged on every inhabited continent except Australia.

What accurately describes the experience of women in 19th century Britain?

Working-class women usually left outside paid employment after they were married.

In an effort to modernize, the Ottoman Empire

drew on European advisers and techniques.

The most distinctive feature of the Haitian Revolution was

its status as the only completely successful slave revolt in world history.

The chief beneficiaries of all but one of the Atlantic revolutions were

propertied white men of the "middling classes."

The 19th century European version of empire differed from others in every way except:

race played an important role in distinguishing rulers and the ruled.

Before European colonialism, African people

recognized differences among themselves but did not clearly define them.

The arrival of colonial rule changed the working lives of colonial subjects by

requiring that they devote at least some of their energies to working for wages or selling what they produced for a cash income.

The Atlantic revolutions

shared a common political vocabulary and a broadly democratic character.

The Taiping Uprising

sought revolutionary changes, including a radical redistribution of land and recognition of the equality of men and women.

A distinguishing characteristic of the French Revolution when compared to the American Revolution was that the French Revolution

sought to re-create society from scratch.

The most profound change in the social structure of Latin America after independence was

the abolition of slavery.

Nationalism in Europe fueled

the collapse of European overseas empires by the 1890s.

In creating colonial empires in Asia and Africa during the 2nd half of the 19th century, Europeans took advantage of all except

the devastating demographic effects of European diseases upon indigenous populations.

The opium trade in China

was promoted by the British as a way of addressing a persistent trade deficit with China.