ARE 5.0 - 03 - Programming & Analysis - Questions

Which of the following requirements is NOT addressed in the IBC (A) number of barrier-free parking spaces (B) width of an exit stair (C) maximum number of stories in a building (D) maximum occupancy of a floor

(A) number of barrier-free parking spaces Exit stairs, number of stories, and occupancy rate, are all addressed by the IBC The number and size of barrier-free spaces are addressed in local zoning requirements and by ADA

A reinforced concrete slab is generally considered a one-way slab when the ratio of long span to short span is (A) 1.0 (B) 2.0 or more (C) 3.0 or more (D) 4.0 or more

(B) 2.0 or more A reinforced concrete slab is generally considered a one-way slab when the ratio of long span to short span is 2.0 or more, and it is considered a two-way slab when the ratio is less than 2.0. A one-way slab is reinforced for bending moment in both directions

Which of the following statements regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) are true? (A) It has zoning requirements (B) It is based on American National Standard Institute's (ANSI) ICC/ANSI Standard A117.1, Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities (C) Is a code (D) Is a civil rights legislation (E) Is a standard

(D) Is a civil rights legislation The ADA is legislation not a code or standard.

In wood construction, what is the main benefit of using platform framing as opposed to balloon framing? (A) reduced vertical shrinkage (B) increased fire resistance (C) better resistance for lateral loads (D) ease of construction

(D) ease of construction The main benefit of using platform framing is the ease of construction resulting from utilizing the platform in each story for wall and partition frame preassembly

If soil is analyzed as being primarily silty, how should is be characterized? (A) very fine material of organic matter (B) rigid particles with moderately high bearing capacity (C) particles with some cohesion and plasticity in their behavior (D) smaller particles with occasional plastic behavior

(D) smaller particles with occasional plastic behavior

Information about the elevations or contours of a building site is found in a (A) deed of trust (B) metes and bounds description (C) plat (D) survey

(D) survey Of the choices given, a survey is the only document that includes information on land elevations, which are indicated either with spot elevations or continuous contours A deed of trust is a written document that primarily describes the owner of the property and from whom it was purchased A metes and bounds description is a written description of the boundaries of a parcel of land. It defines the perimeter of the site by using a starting point and describing each boundary line by angle of bearing and length A plat is a legal description of a subdivided piece of property that includes information on lots, streets, rights-of-way, and easements, among other items

A site analysis is performed to find the best location and orientation for a home to be built on a two-acre lot. Which of these factors would not typically be included in the site analysis? (A) climate and seasonal wind directions (B) pollution and noise sources (C) sun angles and views (D) threatened and endangered species

(D) threatened and endangered species Even though threatened and endangered species would be a consideration for selection of a site, the site analysis would not typically include this information

A house is being designed for a new development in a suburban location. The nearest water main is one block away, about 300 ft, and the city currently has no plans to extend the line in the near future. City and county regulations do permit the drilling of wells. What action should the architect recommend to the client regarding the water supply? (A) Estimate the cost of extending the municipal line, since the water quality is known and it would ensure a long-term supply. Consult with nearby property owners who plan to build in the area to see if they would be willing to share the cost of extending the line (B) Drill a test bore to determine the depth, potential yield, and water quality of a well, and compare this information with the cost of extending the municipal line (C) Assist the owner in petitioning the city to accelerate its plans for extending the water line to serve new development (D) Consult with nearby property owners who use wells and with well drillers to estimate the depth and yield of wells in the area. Compare the estimated cost and feasibility of drilling with the feasibility of extending the municipal line at the owner's cost

(A) Even though the nearest water line is 300 ft away, the best recommendation would be to use city water, where the quality and quantity are known and long-term supply is assured. Although nearby property owners might or might not be willing to share the cost, the owner still would be best advised to extend the line Drilling a test bore could help determine the depth, potential yield, and water quality, but that would cost almost as much as drilling a well Petitioning the city to extend the line would be time-consuming and probably not successful if the city had already decided against it Asking nearby property owners who use wells about their experience would yield useful information, but even if the cost and quality were acceptable, extending the municipal line would still be the preferred course of action

The assessed valuation of developed property is based on 19% of actual value, and the mill levy is 49.31 mills. A developed piece of property is estimated to have an actual value of $150,000. Approximately what is the yearly tax? (A) $1400 (B) $3000 (C) $3900 (D) $5800

(A) $1400 Assessed Value = = $150,000 * 0.19 = $28,500 Yearly Tax = = (Assessed Value * Mills) / 1000 = ($28,500 * 49.31) / 1000 = $1,405

What standard test is used to determine the optimum compaction of site fill? (A) Proctor test (B) pit test (C) dry sample boring test (D) soil load test

(A) Proctor test The Proctor test determines the optimum compaction of site fill based on its density and optimum moisture content A pit test is simply a pit dug in the soil to allow visual inspection of the soil A dry sample boring is not a test but a method of extracting soil samples A soil load test determines the design load of soil by applying steadily increasing loads on a platform placed on the site

In lateral load resisting systems, a steel frame is often used in conjunction with concrete shear walls. What type of load does each component of this system carry? (A) The steel frame carries most of the vertical gravity load, and the concrete shear walls carry the lateral load (B) The steel frame carries the lateral load, and the concrete shear walls carry most of the vertical gravity load (C) Both components carry the vertical and lateral loads equally (D) The steel frame carries most of the vertical and lateral loads

(A) The steel frame carries most of the vertical gravity load, and the concrete sheer walls carry the lateral load This system is commonly used, and the concrete shear walls are often placed around the building's mechanical core, enclosing elevators and stairways. The shear walls transmit the lateral forces to the foundation and must be continuous

The fraction of radiant energy reflected from a surface relative to the total radiant energy received by the surface is called (A) albedo (B) conductivity (C) insolation (D) radiant fraction

(A) albedo A surface's albedo is calculated as the reflected radiant energy divided by the total (received) radiant energy. Albedo can range from 0 to 1.0. A surface with an albedo of 1.0 is a perfect mirror (all energy reflected). A surface with an albedo of 0 is a perfect black matte surface (all energy absorbed) Conductivity is the rate at which heat flows through a material Insolation is the total solar radiation on a horizontal surface Radiant fraction is not a real term

An accessible route must serve (A) all accessible spaces and parts of a building (B) the corridors, stairs, elevators, and toilet rooms of a building (C) entrances, parking, toilet rooms, corridors, and drinking fountains (D) those areas where physically disabled people are likely to need access

(A) all accessible spaces and parts of a building By definition, any part of a building that is required to be accessible must be accessible from the entrance of the building

For overall energy conservation and cost-effectiveness in a temperate climate, the most advantageous type of earth-sheltered building would be one that is (A) built into the side of a south-facing hill (B) above ground with earth bermed against all sides (C) above ground with a thick covering of earth and vegetation on the roof (D) completely underground with a central court that is open to the sky

(A) built into the side of a south-facing hill A building built into a south-facing slope gains the advantages of an earth-sheltered structure (stable earth temperature, protection from cold north winds, and natural soundproofing), while keeping the south side open for passive solar energy use and minimizing the costs of earth moving

Which of the following energy sources would be the most economical option for heating a small retail building in Washington state? (A) electricity (B) natural gas (C) oil (D) steam

(A) electricity In the northwestern part of the United States, electrical generating facilities are plentiful and provide a relatively low-cost way to heat buildings Natural gas is popular in the Midwest, while oil is commonly used in the northeastern part of the United States. Steam is not economical unless it is produced in a central facility for use in an urban area or is a by-product of other types of power generation

A graywater system would be integrated most appropriately into a(n) (A) laundromat (B) office building (C) residence (D) restaurant

(A) laundromat Graywater systems, when allowed by local building and health departments, are most appropriately used where the ratio of nonpotable to potable water needs is relatively high. A laundromat would produce a great amount of wastewater that could be captured for other purposes. A graywater system captures wastewater--for example, from lavatories, washing machines, and other fixtures--that does not contain organic waste. The system then uses the water for irrigation or for nonpotable uses like flushing toilets

Information about street drainage in a city would be obtained by a contacting the city's (A) public works department (B) building department (C) planning department (D) department of highways

(A) public works department The public works department (or similarly named) would be responsible for design and maintenance of a city's road drainage, which would be part of the storm sewage system The department of highways would most likely be the state agency responsible for design and construction of the roads themselves Building and planning departments are not directly involved in the wastewater drainage

If land is limited, which of the following is the best to plan parking lots? (A) two-way circulation with 90 degree parking on both sides of a drive (B) 30 degree parking on both sides of a one-way loop system (C) combing service circulation with parking at a 45 degree angle (D) 90 degree parking on one side of a one-way circulation drive

(A) two-way circulation with 90 degree parking on both sides of a drive 90 degree parking layouts are always the most efficient if space is limited. A single-loaded circulation drive providing access to parking is not as efficient as two rows of parking sharing one drive

Which of the following are required components of an incentive zoning plan? (Choose the three that apply.) (A) base floor area ratio (B) bonus ratio (C) specific plan for development (D) floor area ratio (FAR) cap (E) floor area ratio cap (F) bonus cap

(A), (B), (C) Incentive zoning is a way to encourage private developers to provide amenities for public use in exchange for the opportunity to build a larger or taller structure on the site. An example of incentive zoning is the bonus floor area given to developers of skyscrapers in New York City who include a public plaza on the ground floor level Incentive zoning plans must include a base floor area ratio (the standard against which to compare) and a bonus ratio -- the FAR that is provided if the public space is a part of the design, along with a specific plan for the development that will trigger the bonus. The plans may include caps on the FAR and the bonus FAR -- for example, a bonus may be given for providing public parking in an underground garage to increase the base FAR of 1.5, but the bonus FAR may not exceed 2. For incentive zoning to be a true incentive, the value of the additional (leasable) floor area must exceed the cost of providing the public amenity

A typical property description would contain which of the following data? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) Lot number (B) Bearings and lengths of the property lines (C) Area of the site (D) Zoning requirements (E) Corner markers

(A), (B), (C), (E) A typical property description would contain the following data: + Lot number + Bearings and lengths of the property lines + Area of the site + Corner markers

Which of these is true of a vegetated roof? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) It reduces the amount of stormwater runoff on a site (B) It reduces the impervious surface area on a site (C) It increases the amount of water that can be harvested for nonpotable uses such as landscape irrigation and flushing toilets (D) It will have a longer lifespan than a conventional membrane roofing system (E) It can minimize heat island effects (F) It is more expensive to maintain than a traditional roofing system

(A), (B), (D), (E) A vegetated roof is a roofing system that consists of a layer of plants and soil contained within an impermeable plastic liner on top of the structural roof assembly. Captured rainwater is used to irrigate the plants, and the moisture is released back into the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. Because the rainwater is used for irrigation of the plants on the roof, this technique reduces the amount of water that can be harvested for other nonpotable uses

Each area listed below is included in the plans for the construction of a new high school. Which areas must comply with the ADA Accessibility Guidelines? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) copy room designated "faculty only" (B) temporary passageway during construction for pedestrian access to the football field (C) lifeguard tower within the indoor pool area (D) special collections area in the library (E) additional bleachers constructed for a weekend football game (F) contractor's on-site construction trailer

(A), (B), (D), (E) The ADA Accessibility Guidelines state that all newly designed or newly constructed areas must meet accessibility requirements. This includes all employee work areas and all temporary construction that is open to the public (such as protected walkway, temporary seating for a special event, and so forth).

Which of the following are treatment approaches for historic properties? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) Reconstruction (B) Preservation (C) Adaptive re-use (D) Rehabilitation (E) Restoration

(A), (B), (D), (E) These four treatments are defined and used by the US Secretary of the Interior: + Preservation focuses on the maintenance and repair of existing historic materials and retention of a property's form as it has evolved over time. + Rehabilitation acknowledges the need to alter or add to a historic property to meet continuing or changing uses while retaining the property's historic character. + Restoration depicts a property at a particular period of time in its history, while removing evidence of other periods. + Reconstruction re-creates vanished or non-surviving portions of a property for interpretive purposes

According to the principles of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), which of the following are the most useful strategies? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) adding security guards at critical points (B) using territorial reinforecement (C) placing bars on ground floor windows (D) employing electronic methods of protection (E) requiring the use of keypad locks (F) locating windows to overlook public areas

(A), (B), (D), (F) CPTED is the process of designing security into architecture. The various strategies it uses are implemented through architectural design (B) + (F), electronic methods (D), and organizational methods (A)

Which of the following areas of a building are considered parts of the means of egress? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) storeroom (B) corridor (C) public sidewalk (D) exterior courtyard (E) city roadway (F) enclosed stairway

(A), (B), (D), (F) Public sidewalks and city roads are not part of the means of egress because they are examples of the public way. All of the other building areas listed are part of the exit access, the exit, or the exit discharge

Through which of the following areas may exits pass? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) office reception areas (B) building lobbies (C) unoccupied storage areas (D) apartment entries (E) kitchens (F) stairwells

(A), (B), (D), (F) The IBC specifically states that exits cannot pass through kitchens; through storerooms, closets, or other spaces used for similar purposes; or through rooms that can be locked to prevent egress. Lobbies, reception areas, entries, and stairwells may all be parts of the path of egress. However, to be part of an exit, a space is not permitted to be locked from the inside under any circumstances

An architect is completing a feasibility study for a small marine research facility. The following site information has been provided by the client: + Located in a remote area near the seashore + Undeveloped, except for a small storage building that will be demolished + Contains a small area of wetlands + Adjacent to an environmentally protected area As part of the feasibility study, what documentation should the architect evaluate? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) FEMA maps (B) Geotechnical report (C) Traffic report (D) Structural report (E) Topographic survey (F) Hydrologic conditions report

(A), (B), (E), (F) Evaluating + FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency + Geotechnical reports + Topographic surveys + Hydrological conditions report are critical in understanding the site's potential for + coastal flooding + the makeup and stability of the soils + potential earthwork requirements + how the presence of water and wetlands may impact development Since this is an undeveloped and remote site, a traffic report and structural report would not be necessary for this feasibility study

Which of these can zoning ordinances do? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) influence building form (B) determine the allowable flooring loading based on occupancy (C) stabilize property values (D) determine required amounts of parking (E) allow city governments to predict infrastructure (F) establish the required number of toilet facilities at a municipal stadium

(A), (C), (D), (E) Zoning ordinances are enacted in municipalities to control what types of structures are built in certain locations. Zoning requirements such as setbacks, floor area ratios, and height limitations influence the form of the building that can be constructed on a site and consequently influence the appearance of a neighborhood. Zoning regulations prohibit construction of incongruent building types within a specific area; for example, zoning ordinances would likely separate residential neighborhoods from heavy industrial uses, helping to stabilize property values. Zoning also helps governments plan for the future by restricting the capacity of utility systems necessary in a specific area

Which of the following would be included in a zoning ordinance? (A) maximum building heights (B) maximum numbers of occupants (C) minimum parking requirements (D) minimum setbacks from property lines (E) minimum width for utility easements (F) minimum number of loading spaces

(A), (C), (D), (F) A zoning ordinance would not determine the maximum number of occupants permitted in a structure. This requirement is established by the building code in the jurisdiction, in accordance with the occupancy group and type of construction of the building. A zoning ordinance would not include requirements for or widths of utility easements

Which of the following are typically regulated by zoning ordinances? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) how a property is used (B) types of exterior materials (C) floor area ratios (D) number of loading spaces (E) minimum amount of window exposure (F) distances from property line to building

(A), (C), (D), (F) Exterior material types are not regulated by zoning ordinances, though they may be governed by covenants, development restrictions, and to some extent by building codes. Zoning ordinances do not regulate either minimum or maximum window area

In a dense urban context, site analysis prior to design should include studies of which of the following? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) solar shading (B) drainage (C) imageability (D) surrounding historical context (E) land values (F) views

(A), (C), (D), (F) In a dense urban area, drainage would not be an important consideration as most of the site would be taken up with buildings already Land values would have already had an effect on the decision to purchase the site and is not critical for site analysis prior to design

While developing the preliminary project schedule during the programming phase, which would be the most reliable sources of information about construction time? (Choose the three that apply.) (A) historical documents on similar projects from the architect's office (B) annually published cost and scheduling book (C) the construction manager whom the client has hired for the job (D) a contracting firm that has done work for the architect in the past (E) other architects who have completed similar projects (F) architectural and construction magazine articles on similar projects

(A), (C), (E) Records of similar projects that the architect has maintained would be a fairly accurate source of information about the time required to build. The best source of current information would be the construction manager who is part of the building team because that person would have a great deal of experience with managing construction schedules. Other architects who have done similar projects would also be able to offer valuable information on construction time, including any problems they encountered related to completion time Asking a contractor is not a wise idea as their is no assurance that the architect would receive accurate information unless they have been hired for the project

Which of the following statements about concrete walls are true? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) Concrete has replaced stone and brick foundation walls because it is more economical and more watertight (B) Concrete foundation walls are often reinforced at a large reinforcement ratio (C) Plain (unreinforced) concrete foundation walls withstand uneven settlement without serious cracking better than brick masonry walls do (D) Columns may rest on a concrete bearing wall (E) Foundation walls must resist vertical loads and lateral earth pressure (F) Reinforcement in concrete foundation walls is necessary for temperature, shrinkage, and uneven settlement

(A), (D), (E), (F) (B) is false. Concrete foundation walls are frequently reinforced to better withstand temperature change, shrinkage, and uneven settlement, though reinforcement may be minimal (C) is false. Brick masonry foundation walls withstand uneven settlement without serious cracking better than plain concrete

The net assignable area of a small office building has been programmed as 65,000 ft2. The desired efficiency ration is 0.73. What should gross area of the building be? (A) 80,000 ft2 (B) 89,000 ft2 (C) 99,000 ft2 (D) 110,000 ft2

(B) 89,000 ft2 Gross = = Net / Efficiency Ratio = 65,000 ft2 / .073 = 89,041 ft2

A topographic survey of a small office building indicates that east side yard has a horizontal to vertical slope of 40% along a 30 ft length between the property line and the elevation at which the grade must contact the proposed building. To be compatible with the adjacent property landscaping, the owner wants to put in mowed grass landscaping. What is the least expensive way of reworking this area to make it possible (A) Build a 5 ft high retaining wall at the property line, and regrade between the wall and building (B) Build one 4 ft high retaining wall midway between the property line and the building (C) Build two 4 ft high retaining walls at the third points between the property line and the building (D) Terrace the slope with three short retaining walls and four strips of grass

(B) Build one 4 ft high retaining wall midway between the property line and the building Building a 5 ft wall is more expensive and does not achieve the owner's goal of being compatible with the neighboring landscaping. Building two or three retaining walls also works, but is more expensive In order to landscape with mowed grass, a maximum slope of 3:1, or 33%, is required. The current slope is 40%, so it will have to be reduced. Because the grade at the property line cannot be changed and the grading at the building is fixed, one or more retaining walls will be required

An architect is developing a site plan for a building that is adjacent to a highway. Which of the following strategies is best for attenuating noise? (A) Maximize the distance between the new building and the highway (B) Construct a masonry wall as high as possible next to the highway (C) Plant a combination of deciduous and evergreen trees 100 ft deep (D) Locate the building as far from the highway as possible and plant a row of evergreen trees

(B) Construct a masonry wall as high as possible next to the highway All of the strategies listed would be help mitigate the noise problem, but building a solid, high mass wall would be the most effective Planting a combination of deciduous and evergreen trees is helpful because their different densities attenuate different sound frequencies. However, trees are most effective in attenuating sound at higher frequencies and may not be very useful in dealing with the low frequencies of highway noise

Which of the following is most likely to cause issues with indoor air quality? (A) Inside contamination (B) Inadequate ventilation (C) Construction material off-gassing (D) Contamination from the exterior

(B) Inadequate ventilation Adequate ventilation is the most important part maintaining indoor air quality. Ventilation removes carbon dioxide exhausted from occupants and replaces it with oxygen. It also helps keep moisture from staying in a spot for too long which can lead to mold. Additionally adequate ventilation helps remove dust, lint, and odors

________ is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by rapid loading (A) Plasticity (B) Liquefaction (C) Erosion (D) Soil boring (E) Proctor test

(B) Liquefaction Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils. This water exerts a pressure on the soil particles that influences how tightly the particles themselves are pressed together. Prior to an earthquake, the water pressure is relatively low. However, earthquake shaking can cause the water pressure to increase to the point where the soil particles can readily move with respect to each other

A multistory residential building is proposed for an undeveloped property. The following observations are made during a site visit: + The property is located in an upper Midwestern state that regularly sees snow in the winter months + The northeastern edge of the property is a wetland + There is a small detention area on the adjacent property to the west that drains through the north side of the owner's property to the wetland area + The site is accessible from an existing cul-de-sac on the south-west border of the property. Taking energy conservation into account, which of the following design options would be the best for building orientation and parking location? (A) Orient the building on the east side of the property with a north-south axis and the parking to the west (B) Orient the building on the north side of the property with an east-west axis and the parking to the south (C) Orient the building on the west side of the property with a north-south axis and the parking to the east (D) Orient the building on the south side of the property with an east-west axis and the parking to the north

(B) Orient the building on the north side of the property with an east-west axis and the parking to the south Location on the property is less important than the axis of the building. Maintaining an east-west axis will allow the building to take advantage of solar heat and light, potentially reducing heating and electric costs. Locating the building to the north provides better access for parking to the south and, potentially a better view to the north

On a south-facing wall with windows, what design strategy could achieve the following? + reduced heat gain in Summer + increased natural light and solar heat gain in Winter (A) Venetian blinds (B) Overhangs above the windows (C) Curtains (D) Roof gardens (E) Double-glazed window panels

(B) Overhangs above the windows Overhangs will block direct sun in the summer when it is at a higher altitude in the sky, and allow direct sun in the winter when it is at a lower altitude

A building in an earthquake-prone area is designed to have an open front and shear walls around the other three sides. This constitutes and irregularity. What is the correct and most practical solution in this case? (A) Add drag struts to the front (B) Provide a moment-resisting frame in the front (C) Increase the safety factors in the design calculations (D) Change the entire design and close the front with a shear wall

(B) Provide a moment-resisting frame in the front The correct and most practical solution is to provide a moment-resisting frame in the front. The rear is rigid and the front is open, so it is flexible. Providing a moment resisting frame in the front will make the front as rigid as possible while maintaining the possibility of an opening there Drag struts will not solve the problem in this case Increasing the safety factors in the design calculations is not a solution

Of the listed options, which describes a process used to clean up brownfield sites? (A) Mediation (B) Remediation (C) Arbitration (D) Mitigated mediation

(B) Remediation Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water. Mediation and arbitration are dispute resolution strategies

The construction of a large general hospital is being planned for a neighborhood that lies between an outer edge of a downtown area and a medium- to high-density housing area. There are already smaller clinics and doctor's offices in the area. The following concerns have been addressed in the design of the hospital building. In presenting the project to the city planning board, which concern should the architect emphasize? (A) The proposed street closure, planned in order to expand the building site, will not affect traffic (B) Sufficient parking will be made available on the project site (C) The bulk of the building design will not block sunlight from the housing (D) Sewer and water services will not have to be expanded to serve the building

(B) Sufficient parking will be made available on the project site All these issues are important, but the architect wants to tailor the presentation toward the key concerns of the planning board and the community at large. In this type of neighborhood, parking already would be in short supply considering the number of downtown workers, housing, and the high-traffic needs of clinics and doctors' offices. Therefore, parking likely would be the most important concern to the community

An architect is studying several sites for possible development by a client. Of the following sites, the one most likely to be buildable is (A) a designated wetland (B) a brownfield (C) in a floodplain (D) an endangered species habitat

(B) a brownfield Each option has its own disadvantages A brownfield probably would be the most buildable because, although it would take additional money and time, contaminates could be removed or otherwise mitigated. In addition, federal tax credits and incentive programs may be available to encourage the use of a brownfield site A floodplain would be very difficult to build on, assuming that the local, state, and federal regulations allowed it at all, because increased construction costs and continuing insurance costs could make it economically infeasible Wetlands and endangered species habitats could not be used for development

Which is the most accurate method of determining the value of a property? (A) development method (B) comparison method (C) income approach method (D) allocation method

(B) comparison method The comparison method, or market data approach, uses information on similar-sized properties with similar amenities that are for sale in the area at the time of valuation to determine the value of the property. If market data is available, the comparison method is the most accurate way to determine the value of all types of properties The development method is used when the property may be subdivided for residential or commercial use. The costs of development would be deducted from the projected sales prices to determine a value for the land The income approach method may be used for properties in areas where there is no unimproved land and no market data against which to compare. The income that will be generated by the property is estimated and compared against the cost of the site improvements The allocation method is used to determine the value of improved properties. This method determines the land value by deducting the value of site improvements from the total value of the property. The remainder is the value of the land

Which of the following need not be accounted for in a project development budget? (A) professional services (B) debt service (C) site development (D) a contingency

(B) debt service Debt service is the cost to pay off the construction loan for a project and is generally considered an ongoing cost over many years, not part of the original cost of the project

A large company is planning to construct a new corporate headquarters. The vice president of operations presents a list of personnel, their positions in the firm, and company-mandated space standards to the architect. This list would be described as a (A) facilities program (B) functional program (C) firm program (D) component program

(B) functional program A functional program provides raw data for analysis and development of a facilities program, which considers scope, area requirements, adjacency, costs, and site analysis. The functional program is usually used to make the case for a new facility by demonstrating that a current facility no longer meets the inhabitants' needs. The owner prepares a functional program (architect may assist) as this requires an in-depth understanding of the operations of the company

A long-span, high-hazard warehouse does not have an automatic sprinkler system installed. Which of the following would least likely to fail after several hours of exposure to fire? (A) steel-reinforced concrete posts and beams (B) heavy wood timber (C) structural steel (D) concrete masonry walls with open web-roof joists

(B) heavy wood timber Heavy timber is large enough to burn and char, forming a protective "crust" on the outside of the wood. This leaves the interior fibers of the wood protected from the fire and able to remain intact. The other options would more likely fail in the continued high heat of a building fire

The chief goal in creating an architectural program is to (A) establish the project intent (B) identify the nature of the problem (C) organize the project standards (C) determine the project form

(B) identify the nature of the problem

On average, where do construction costs tend to be lowest (A) in urban areas (B) in suburbs (C) in rural areas (D) construction costs for a project are the same regardless of the locale

(B) in suburbs Construction costs tend to be lowest in suburban areas. Workers in urban areas tend to demand higher wage rates, escalating the cost, while access and transportation to remote rural areas can also force the cost to rise. Suburban areas are generally well connected to urban areas by major transportation routes, but they are not so remote that the cost of transporting materials from the city to the site becomes a problem

What combination of lighting would be the most appropriate choice for a women's clothing store? (A) color-improved mercury lamps with metal halide accent lighting (B) limited natural daylight, warm white deluxe fluorescent for general illumination, and tungsten halogen for accent lighting (C) incandescent general lighting with low-voltage accent lighting on displays (D) daylighting for general illumination and incandescent fixtures for dressing areas and display lighting

(B) limited natural daylight, warm white deluxe fluorescent or general illumination, and tungsten halogen for accent lighting The combination of limited natural light, warm white fluorescent general illumination, and tungsten halogen accent lighting offers the best balance of appropriate color rendering and energy efficiency. Day lighting would provide natural light for viewing clothes and excellent color rendering, but would need to be limited in order to prevent damage to delicate fabrics. Warm white deluxe lamps would be energy efficient and provide a pleasant, overall light. The tungsten halogen accents will provide sparkle to jewelry displays and highlight featured merchandise Mercury lamps and metal halide lighting have cooler tones which may render colors inappropriately. Incandescent fixtures throughout would not be energy efficient. Using daylighting for general illumination could damage fabrics and would limit the store's hours of operation to daylight hours

Which of the following building types would have the most stringent requirements for fire alarm and fire suppression systems (A) motel (B) nursing home (C) office building (D) print shop

(B) nursing home As a Group I (institutional) occupancy, a nursing home would be required to have extensive alarm systems and be sprinklered throughout. Occupants of institutional buildings, such as hospitals, prisons, and nursing homes, often have limited mobility and require more warning and time to evacuate the building in case of fire Group B (business) occupancies, such as office buildings and print shops, are not required to be equipped with automatic sprinkler systems, and small Group B occupancies are not required to have alarm systems if the occupant load is low or if the sprinkler system is equipped with flow valves that activate an alarm when sprinkler water flows. Although a motel would be required to have smoke alarms, it probably would not be required to have a sprinkler system since motels are typically one or two stories high and each guest room has a doorway leading directly to an exterior exit door

During the programming process for a building project, the client asks the architect to diffuse costs by building in stages. The architect should identify this requirement as which of the following programming concepts? (A) flexibility (B) phasing (C) expansibility (D) priority

(B) phasing The concept of phasing states that a project must be completed in stages to accommodate cost or time constraints

A small business plans to build an addition to its office building to use for manufacturing. This new space needs to be as open as possible with few or no obstructions and a minimum clear height of 12 ft. The floor will be concrete. Which type of structural system will be the most time and cost effective? (A) post-tensioned concrete slab roof on concrete columns (B) pre-engineered rigid steel frame (C) open-web trusses on steel columns (D) steel beams on concrete masonry walls

(B) pre-engineered rigid steel frame A pre-engineered rigid steel frame is the best options for several reasons. This type of structural system is designed to span the width of a building without the need for internal supporting columns and, as a result, is usually less expensive due to reduced material and labor costs

An architect is planning an infill building in an urban setting. To maintain the continuity of the public space enclosure defined by the other buildings, the architect should be most sensitive to the (A) building height (B) recess line (C) setback (D) transition line

(B) recess line To maintain the continuity of the public space enclosure defined by the other buildings, an architect should be most sensitive to the recess line. In urban site planning, the recess line is the top of the full-width plane of a building facade, which effectively defines the enclosure of public space relative to the distance between it and an opposite facade. If there is any portion of the building above the recess line, it is set back to provide daylighting or views, so it does not affect the sense of enclosure of the public space. The building height and the recess line are not necessarily at the same elevation A setback is the minimum horizontal distance between the property line and the building The transition line is a line running the full width of the facade and that may be expressed as a change of material or limited projection. The transition line may divide the facade somewhere below the recess line without altering the overall composition of the public space

A building in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, figured prominently in the Civil War and is now used as a small private museum. The brick structure is adjacent to a battlefield and has been maintained largely as it was in 1863, with the exception of a small wood frame addition built in the 1960s. The addition is deteriorating and will be removed. This project is an example of which type of historic approach? (A) rehabilitation (B) restoration (C) reconstruction (D) preservation

(B) restoration Restoration focuses on the most important time period in the life of a structure. In this case, the most significant time was the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1 through 3, 1863. Therefore, any additions built at other times could be removed. The materials and character of the original structure should be repaired Rehabilitation is often used when the property is being converted to a use other than its historical function. It allows more flexibility in the materials and methods of construction that can be used to repair the building, as long as the historic character of the building is maintained Reconstruction is the process of rebuilding a lost structure based on historical documentation. One of the most familiar examples of this approach is the buildings and environs at Colonial Williamsburg Preservation is the most historically accurate approach. It maintains additions made over time and chronicles the history of the building through the modifications

Setback distances are determined by a city's (A) building code (B) zoning code (C) development agency (D) planning office

(B) zoning code Setbacks are established by the zoning code of a city or country. Zoning controls the various aspects of land use, including allowable uses, the amount of land that can be covered with buildings, bulk of structures, setback distances, and parking and loading space requirements

Which of the following statements are correct about site slopes? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) Roads in northern climates can safely have up to a 12% grade (B) A 1.5% slope is suitable for rough paving (C) Landscaped areas near buildings should have at least a 2% slope away from the structure (D) A safe sidewalk slopes in the direction of travel no more than 2.5% (E) Sidewalk cross slopes must be a maximum of 2% (F) Slopes for grass for recreational use can have up to a 5% slope

(B), (C), (D), (E) Most roads should be kept at grade less than 10%; very short roads and parking garage ramps are exceptions. In northern climates, where snow and ice are a problem, it is even more important to maintain gentle slopes. A 12% grade would not be safe and could make driving difficult. Grass slopes for grass for recreation should have a maximum 3% slope

Which of the following are typically part of the project schedule developed by the architect during the programming process? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) architectural services negotiation (B) pre-design phase (C) bidding time (D) construction (E) commissioning (F) construction schedule

(B), (C), (D), (E) The architect's involvement in scheduling the overall project time frame begins only after the architect is hired, which occurs after negotiating for the architect's services. The architect cannot schedule construction, although the architect may estimate the time required to help establish what type of project delivery method the client should consider Know the different types of scheduling techniques, such as the Gantt schedule (bar chart) and the critical path method (CPM)

Zoning requirements typically regulate which three aspects of a site? (Choose the three that apply.) (A) separation of use groups (B) setbacks from property lines (C) minimum green spaces (D) storm water from roof drains (E) loading spaces and parking (F) accessible paths of travel

(B), (C), (E) Storm water is addressed in the International Plumbing Code Separation of use groups and accessible paths of travel are addressed in the IBC. Zoning typically addresses setbacks to maintain distances between buildings, maximum coverage of development on a site (or minimum greenspaces that cannot be developed), and loading spaces along with parking

The width of a masonry wall is dictated by which of the following factors? (Choose the three that apply.) (A) Mortar thickness (B) Flexural strength (C) Slenderness ratio (D) Permeability (E) Fire resistance rating

(B), (C), (E) The following factors determine the width of a masonry wall: + The flexural strength + The slenderness ratio + The fire resistance rating

Setback rules, as prescribed by a zoning ordinance, can accomplish which of the following? (Choose the three that apply.) (A) Prescribe adjacent building uses (B) Ensure availability of light and air circulation (C) Establish a minimal degree of privacy (D) Establish building exterior wall construction (E) Minimize floor area ratio (F) Provide space for maintenance of building exteriors

(B), (C), (F) A setback in zoning is a prescribed distance in which a structure is set back from a property line or other identified element Setbacks ensure access to air and light, provide building privacy, and provide space to perform building maintenance Zoning ordinances typically address floor area ratio, adjacent building uses, and exterior wall construction; however, these are not accomplished through the implementation of setback rules

The process of strategic facility planning begins with the analysis of three basic business drivers. What are they? (Choose the three that apply.) (A) company's geographic location (B) company's overall sales (C) company's revenue (D) local business regulations (E) market volatility (F) number of employees in the company

(B), (C), (F) The process of strategic facility planning begins with the analysis of business drivers. Three basic business drivers are considered: the company's revenue, its number of employees, and its overall sales. These data give the analysts a sens of where the company stands in relationship to its competitors

A small insurance company is planning to move to a new leased office space. After programming, the architect determines that the client needs approximately 4500 ft2 of net assignable space. Efficiency for the office building is 0.75. The leasing manager for the building tells the client that the building load factor is 1.20. Approximately how much space does the client need to lease? (A) 5400 ft2 (B) 6000 ft2 (C) 7200 ft2 (D) 8800 ft2

(C) 7200 ft2 Gross = = Net / Efficiency Ratio = 4500 ft2 / .75 = 6000 ft2 Rentable = = Gross * Load Factor = 6000 ft2 * 1.2 = 7200 ft2

What is an example of an affirmative covenant? (A) A title reverting to the original owner if the terms of the contract are not met (B) A restriction in the use of the land for a particular purpose (C) A buyer being required to maintain hedges in the front yard of a property after its purchase (D) Allowing fishing in a private property (E) Allowing for future changes in use in a residential property

(C) A buyer being required to maintain hedges in the front yard of a property after its purchase An affirmative covenant is a type of promise or contract that requires a party adhere to certain terms.

An architect has been selected to complete a major interior and exterior renovation of all areas within a three-story library building. The building was constructed in the early 1980's. During the programming phase of the project, which of the following should the architect recommend to the client regarding accessibility? (A) only the public spaces need to be made accessible (B) Only the primary function spaces need to be made accessible (C) All areas of the library should be made accessible (D) Since this is a renovation of an existing building, accessibility upgrades are not required

(C) All areas of the library should be made accessible ADA Standards for Accessible Design require all altered elements and spaces within a renovation project to comply with the accessibility standards. Since this is a major renovation of all areas of the building, the architect should recommend that all areas of the library be made accessible

Why is a drip irrigation system a sustainable option for landscape watering? (A) It uses captured rainwater to slowly water plants (B) It utilizes planting clusters to minimize area (C) It saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants (D) It's an innovative and effective strategy of hanging plants, which reduces soil, and allows the roots to be directly sprayed with water droplets

(C) It saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants Drip irrigation, is an irrigation method that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters

According to Kevin Lynch's The Image of the City, how are landmarks defined? (A) Linear elements that form boundaries between two districts or that break continuity (B) Strategic centers of interest that people can enter (C) Strategic centers of interest that people cannot enter and view from the exterior (D) Two-dimensional areas that people perceive as having some common, identifying character, and that they can enter

(C) Strategic centers of interest that people cannot enter and view from the exterior According to Kevin Lynch's theory of imageability developed in The Image of the City there are 5 basic elements that define the image of urban areas: Paths: channels along which the observer moves Edges: linear elements not used or considered paths by the observer Districts: sections of the city which the observer mentally enters "inside of" and which are recognizable as having some common, identifying character Nodes: points, the strategic spots in a city into which and observer can enter, and which are the intensive foci to and from which they are travelling Landmarks: another type of point reference, but in this case, the observer does not enter within them, they are external

A developer who is purchasing farmland to convert to a housing development would most likely finance the project with a (A) bridge loan (B) mezzanine loan (C) blanket loan (D) conventional mortgage

(C) blanket loan A blanket loan is a common tool of developers and is used for the purchase of land that a developer intends to subdivide and resell. Generally it includes a clause that releases each subdivided plot from the loan as it is purchased and a portion of the debt is repaid A bridge loan is a short-term loan used to close quickly on a property or to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting for another lender to approve a long-term loan. A hard money loan is similar and is based on the value of the property against which the loan is made. The amount of the loan depends on the quick-sale value of the property or the loan-to-value ratio Mezzanine loans, often used by developers, are large loans with a variable interest rate that increases substantially near the time that the repayment is due. Stock in the developer's company is used as collateral, as opposed to a conventional loan, where the property itself would serve as collateral. The loan requires a gamble that the property will produce enough revenue to repay the loan when the interest rates escalate A conventional mortgage, which may have either a fixed or adjustable interest rate, is secured by the property purchased. The party borrowing the money agrees to repay the loan over a period of time, and when the debt is repaid, the borrower has clear title to the property. If the borrower defaults, the lender may begin foreclosure and seize the property

In the Northern Hemisphere, the optimum tilt angle of an active solar collector for year-round use is approximately equal to the (A) solar altitude on the spring and fall equinoxes (B) solar altitude on the winter solstice (C) building's latitude (D) building's latitude plus 15 degrees

(C) building's latitude The best orientation of solar panels, either for heating or photovoltaics, is approximately the latitude of the building location or slightly greater. For space heating systems, an angle of the latitude plus 15 degrees is optimum for the winter heating season

A high-tech, startup, computer company with several divisions has hired an architect to do programming for a new facility. The client wants to place all divisions in one building in the first phase but expects each division to grow at six-month intervals. Which of the following aspects of flexibility related to this facility is the most important in developing the structural framing concept? (A) convertibility (B) versatility (C) expandability (D) accessibility

(C) expandability For the first phase of this type of building, most functions probably would be fixed, requiring little need for convertibility in the future or multiple use initially. The primary need of expandability would determine the structural framing system employed so that the building could be added onto easily

Which of the following building types would probably have the lowest efficiency? (A) shoe store in a shopping mall (B) community library (C) hospital (D) college chemistry building

(C) hospital Efficiency, also called the net-to-gross ratio, expresses the relationship of programmed spaces to circulation, structural, and utility spaces. It is calculated by dividing the sum of the programmed spaces (net floor area) by the total building area (gross floor area), and is expressed as a percentage A hospital would have the lowest efficiency of the building types listed because of the space occupied by specialized mechanical systems, the wide clearances needed in hallways, and the complex circulation paths

Which of the following project management activities would most likely ensure that construction documents are completed on schedule and within budget? (A) documenting all meetings and correspondence (B) establishing time and fee projections (C) monitoring time sheets (D) setting milestones

(C) monitoring time sheets Although establishing time and fee projections is a critical component of project management early in the project, continual monitoring is also required. Setting milestones for when certain intermediate work is to be completed is also important, but actual work completion must be compared with the estimated schedule to meet the final deadline

A client wants to obtain federal tax credits for rehabilitation of an old building that has been designated as a state historic landmark. The architect should inform the client that (A) new additions or exterior alterations cannot vary from the historic center (B) a thorough historic survey is required to verify conformity to federal standards (C) the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation must be met (D) the cost might exceed the client's budget because state standards must be used

(C) the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation must be met The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation developed by the Heritage Preservation Services branch of the National Park Service must be met if federal investment tax credits are to be used. These standards take precedence over any state or local requirements The standards do allow for new additions and alterations to be differentiated from the old while still being compatible in massing, size, scale, and architectural features. A survey and study of the subject property in itself does not guarantee conformance with the federal standards. A cost higher than the budget is not related to the ability to receive a federal tax credit

A speculative office building probably would not be built if the developer discovered that (A) all of the catchment area was not served by arterial streets (B) the site consisted of mostly sandy soil with a 6ft top layer of expansive clay (C) the vacancy rate of office space in the city was three times the national average (D) the neighborhood community objected to the tight of the parking lots

(C) the vacancy rate of office space in the city was three times the national average The vacancy rate in the region or community is the one factor that would most affect the financial success of the project and the decision to build Speculative office building depends on a wide catchment area, and a lack of arterial roads in some portions of it would most likely not affect the marketability of the project. If there was a strong objection to parking lots, the visual impact could be minimized through landscaping, or parking could be placed underground or in a well-designed parking structure. Either a relatively thin layer of clay only 6ft thick could be removed and replaced with better soil, or the foundations could be placed on the good underlying layer of sandy soil

As part of the programming phase, an architect is required to create a preliminary project schedule for the renovation of a 50,000 FT2 laboratory facility Which items should the architect consider when creating this schedule? (Choose the three that apply.) (A) Coordination meeting schedule (B) Lead time for construction materials (C) Project delivery method (D) Project budget (E) Regulatory requirements (F) Shop drawings

(C), (D), (E) The project delivery method, project budget, and regulatory requirements can have an impact on a project's schedule + Multiple project delivery methods exist, each implementing a different process with specific requirements and deliverables + The project budget impacts the schedule directly, specifically regarding economic inflation over the duration of a project and staff hours required to complete a project + Regulatory requirements vary by jurisdiction and may contain a complex and time-consuming approvals process A coordination meeting schedule, lead time for construction materials, and shop drawings would be unknown in the programming phase of a project

A small medical clinic is being planned for a suburban location on an open, level site. It is to include services of general practice, obstetrics/family planning, testing and laboratories and dental offices, along with medical offices and an administration area. All together the building will have a net area of about 70,000 ft2. Access to the building is primarily by car. The group developing the project wants the facility to be a comfortable, friendly place that minimizes the anxiety of a visit to the doctor and that makes it as easy as possible to get around. It expects the venture to be successful and each department to grow as the catchment area grows. In order to meet the goals of the client, which of the lowing design responses would be most appropriate? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) Group the waiting areas and the reception area together to encourage social interaction (B) Specify furniture that is attached to the floor to maintain organized seating (C) Base the size of the waiting rooms on a behavior setting where establishing territory should be encouraged (D) Develop a different color scheme for each of the separate services (E) Design a children's play area in one corner of waiting areas (F) Arrange individual chair seating against walls and other objects so it faces room entries

(C), (D), (E), (F) Grouping the waiting areas and the reception area to encourage interaction would be the least desirable. People are usually nervous while waiting with strangers and prefer the option to avoid social interaction. There are also different departments, so having everyone in the same space would be inefficient as well as uncomfortable Seating that is attached to the floor would seem unfriendly and would not allow for a small amount of personalization or for two or more people waiting together to adjust positions to make the experience more comfortable

A 50-year-old warehouse that shows no obvious signs of deterioration is to be remodeled as an office building. Which of the following areas should be most carefully evaluated at the start to help determine the project's feasibility? (Choose the four that apply.) (A) ceiling heights (B) fire protection systems (C) foundation (D) roof (E) structural framework (F) windows

(C), (D), (E), (F) The foundation, roof, structural framework, and windows represent major components of a building. If they are inadequate or in poor condition, they could be too expensive to repair or replace while maintaining project feasibility The ceiling heights of a warehouse would be sufficient for an office Fire protection systems would probably be non-existent or would have to be upgraded in any event, so this would be less of an initial concern

An architect is planning a 30 ft by 35 ft addition to a community library. The entire addition will be a single large meeting room. This room will be used for "story hour" and other library programs and will also be made available to community organizations for meetings and presentations. The space will be open with no fixed seating. Using the information below, what is the maximum occupancy of this space? Assembly without fixed seats 7 net - concentrated (chairs only-not fixed) 5 net - standing space 15 net - unconsecrated (tables and chairs) Business Area 100 gross Library 50 net - reading room 100 gross - stack area (A) 30 occupants (B) 70 occupants (C) 150 occupants (D) 210 occupants

(D) 210 occupants A library or community hall is classified as an A-3 (Assembly) occupancy. If fixed seating is provided, the number of occupants equals the number of seats. Where no fixed seating is provided, the designer must refer to Table 1004.1.1 to calculate the occupancy of a space The maximum occupancy of the space is the greatest possible number of occupants as calculated using the IBC table. If tables and chairs are provided, each occupant is allocated 15 ft2. If the room will be arranged with rows of seating, each person occupies 7 ft2. If occupants are standing, each is allocated 5 ft2 of standing space. The usage that allocates the least space per occupant will give the greatest occupancy, so dividing the area of the room by 5 ft2 gives the maximum occupancy of this space Area = = (30 ft)(35 ft) = 1050 ft2 Max Occupancy = = Area / space-per-occupant = 1050 ft2 / 5 ft2 = 210 occupants

An owner has selected a hilly site for a new two-story residence. The site is located in a temperate climate with winter winds predominantly from the northwest and summer winds from the southwest Which location on the site is a favorable microclimate for passive heating, cooling, and daylighting? (A) Bottom of the north-facing slope (B) Bottom of the south-facing slope (C) Hilltop (D) Midway up the south-facing slope

(D) Midway up the south-facing slope Locating the residence midway up the south-facing slope would be favorable for access to sun and summer winds, which are critical components of passive heating, cooling, and daylighting The bottom of the slope would not be favorable due to cold air collection in the winter, and the top of the hill would provide limited wind protection during the winter months

While considering development of a site, the owner suspects that part of the land may include a 100-year floodplain. Which of these agencies can confirm the location of this plain? (A) US Forestry Service (USFS) (B) US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) (C) State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) (D) US Geological Survey (USGS)

(D) US Geological Survey (USGS) The USGS keeps topographical information on all parts of the United States, including the location of floodplains

During strategic facility planning, an affinity is identified between two functions that will occur within the facility. For this reason, the facility must be planned so that the spaces in which these two functions will occur (A) are in the same position on different floors (B) will not both be inaccessible to occupants at any time (C) are the same in size, furnishings, and equipment (D) are physically near each other

(D) are physically near each other Affinity describes the relationship between two functions that are interdependent or need to be in physical proximity to each other. Another term used to express this relationship is adjacency

In the terminology of Kevin Lynch's 1960 book, The Image of the City, an area that is perceived as a symbol of a part of a city is a (A) node (B) landmark (C) district (D) core

(D) core A core is the focus of a district that may be perceived as a symbol of that part of the city. The cores is often located at the junction of primary paths, or it could be an element or feature that influences the rest of the area. A core might be a large open air market, a baseball stadium, or a street with lots of shops and restaurants. A core attracts people to the area, is served by the major transportation paths, and is the first image that most people associate with that part of the city Paths: channels along which the observer moves Edges: linear elements not used or considered paths by the observer Districts: sections of the city which the observer mentally enters "inside of" and which are recognizable as having some common, identifying character Nodes: points, the strategic spots in a city into which and observer can enter, and which are the intensive foci to and from which they are travelling Landmarks: another type of point reference, but in this case, the observer does not enter within them, they are external

An architect plans a large building on an urban site. The length of the building is placed along the property line at the sidewalk and aligned with the street's other buildings. This is an example of creating a(n) (A) path (B) district (C) node (D) edge

(D) edge An edge is a linear element other than a path that forms a boundary between two districts or that breaks some type of continuity

In order to gather and document information quickly for the restoration of a historic building with a large interior dome, the architect should recommend that the client use (A) field measurements (B) false-color imaging (C) photogrammetry (D) laser scanning

(D) laser scanning Laser scanning would be the best choice because this method could quickly make the required remote measurements from just a few points. Physical access to any part of the dome would not be required Photogrammetry would take more time and might require that control points be placed on the dome and hand surveyed to establish a base coordinate system. Standard field measurements taken by hand would be very slow, would not be very accurate, and would require extensive scaffolding False-color imaging would not be appropriate as it does not provide information on field measurements

An architect is planning a site for a complex of office buildings and wishes to specify ground surface materials that will help to moderate the microclimate. To meet this goal, the architect should specify materials with (A) high albedo and high conductivity (B) low albedo and low conductivity (C) high albedo and low conductivity (D) low albedo and high conductivity

(D) low albedo and high conductivity Specifying materials with low albedo and high conductivity will help to moderate the microclimate. Albedo is a measure of a material's solar reflectance: the higher the number, the more reflective the surface. Conductivity measures the speed with which heat travels through a material Examples of materials with low albedo are traditional concrete and dark-colored gravel. Materials with high conductivity include sand and soil

An architect is hired to create a single-tenant retail building in an outer corner of an existing indoor mall parking lot. The corporate owners of the tenant franchise require minimal levels of sustainable design features to be incorporated as part of the project. The features do not need to be included on the project build site, but would be considered if located withing the greater mall property as long as the tenant benefits from the features. Four features desired by the owners are in the following list. At this time, none of these items are available on the greater mall property. Which one of these desired features will be the most problematic to incorporate (A) on-site generated power (B) stormwater runoff treatment (C) accessibility to public transportation (D) maximizing green space

(D) maximizing green space On-site generated power can feasibly be satisfied by adding a photovoltaic array to the new building. Stormwater runoff treatment can be satisfied by providing bioswales and natural detention areas within the new building site Adding a bus stop at the mall through an agreement with local public bus service would satisfy accessibility to public transportation without any additional cost to the owner Maximizing green space could be problematic and costly because it would require the removal of some existing parking spaces. Because this is a retail site, a reduction in parking is not advisable

The International Code Council updates the International Building Code every three years. After each update is issued, how much time does a US state have to adopt it? (A) three months (B) one year (C) two years (D) no time limit

(D) no time limit It is up to each state to decide when to adopt each update of the IBC, or whether to even use it at all. A state may use the IBC as it is, amend the IBC for use in that state, or create its own model building code instead of using the IBC. Some cities also have their own local amendments

In order to strengthen the sense of neighborhood and community, a developer constructs a public square in the middle of a housing development. The public square is an example of a(n) (A) landmark (B) edge (C) district (D) node

(D) node A node is a center of interest that people can enter, such as a plaza, public square, or the intersection of paths. A node is smaller than a district and may be the center of a district A landmark is a point of reference and a device for wayfinding and symbolic identification of an area A district is a two-dimensional area that people perceive as having a common, identifying character and that is critical to the sense of neighborhood An edge is a linear element other than a path that forms a boundary between two districts or that breaks continuity

Which of the following would have the least effect on the maximum height of a building? (A) bulk plane restrictions (B) floor area ratios (FARs) (C) zoning setbacks (D) occupancy groups

(D) occupancy groups Although zoning setbacks may directly influence building height, they have the least effect of the four choices FAR limit the total gross buildable area based on lot size, but when the maximum buildable area is placed within the restriction of zoning setbacks, the building height is thus determined Bulk plane restrictions limit the area beyond which a building can pass, which often limits the total height In the building codes, a building's occupancy group and construction type determine the maximum building area, the maximum height in feet, and the maximum number of stories

Social contact and interaction in a picnic pavilion would be promoted most by (A) making the dimensions of the pavilion small enough that the anticipated number of users would cross into each other's "personal distance" (B) designing benches around the support columns so people would have a place to sit and talk (C) separating the cooking and serving area from the dining area and entrance (D) providing a variety of informal spaces of different sizes, locations, and uses

(D) providing a variety of informal spaces of different sizes, locations, and uses A variety of informal spaces would promote social contact. Forcing too many people within close, personal space would be counterproductive. People would become uncomfortable. The orientation of the benches would be sociofugal, requiring that people face away from each other. The cooking and serving area would be one of the most popular gathering spaces and a destination for people. Here, people could watch food being prepared, serve themselves, and informally meet other people

A medical facility will be located on a large, flat site. It consists of several departments, each of which is expected to expand but at different times. Which of the following organizational concepts would be the most appropriate for such a medical facility? (A) grid (B) axial (C) central (D) radial

(D) radial On an ample and flat site, terrain probably would not restrict this type of organizational pattern. Because a facility may grow at different times through different departments, a radial organization would work for each phase and allow for easy growth. An axial pattern might work, but because everyone enters in one place for directions

Which of the following is used to prevent sediment runoff during construction? (A) bioswale (B) riprap (C) screen grating (D) silt fencing

(D) silt fencing A silt fence is a temporary construction designed to filter water runoff from a construction site and trap sediment before it is washed into drains or nearby bodies of water A bioswale is a shallow ditch lined with grass or other ground cover. Like a silt fence, it is designed to slow storm runoff and remove sediments, but it is a permanent construction Riprap is rock along a watercourse or drainage area designed to prevent erosion Screen grating would not prevent sediment runoff

For spans of 300 ft or more, the most appropriate steel structural systems generally consist of (A) a skeleton frame comprising beams, girders, and columns (B) steel trusses (C) steel rigid frames (D) steel arches

(D) steel arches For spans of 300 ft or more, the most appropriate steel structural system generally consists of steel arches. Steel arches are used extensively to support roofs covering large unobstructed floor areas in structures such as hangars, field houses, and exhibition halls with spans often exceeding 300 ft. Rigid frames are generally preferred for intermediate spans

To support the roof of a building with an extra-long span, the most economical steel structural system is (A) trusses (B) arches (C) rigid frames (D) steel cables

(D) steel cables The cost of roof support per square foot using cables is generally lower than the cost of using other rigid steel structural systems It is estimated that based on normal allowable working stresses and a 10% sag for a suspended cable, a 36in W-shaped beam can carry its own weight for about 220ft, while a steel cable can carry its own weight for about 3.3 miles

While running a sprinkler line across the ceiling of a middle floor in a multistory building, a contractor discovers a joist that spans the back of the suspended ceiling tile and the underside of the floor deck above. A 3in hole must be drilled through the beam. A structural engineer is consulted, approves the proposed hole, and indicates specifically where the hole must be located. What location did the engineer most likely indicate? (A) The middle of the web and close to one of the bearing ends (B) close to the bottom of the web, anywhere except the middle third of the beam span (C) close to the top of the web, anywhere in the middle third of the beam span (D) the middle of the web and as close to the midspan as possible

(D) the middle of the web and as close to the midspan as possible The strength of a beam comes from the compression and tension of the top and bottom fibers of the material, so holes near the top and bottom webs or flanges should be avoided. The shear of the beam is greatest at the bearing ends, so holes near the ends should also be avoided. Typically the best location for a hole is in the middle of the web and midspan of the beam length

During the design of a small retail building, an architect discovers that the building design exceeds the maximum height allowed by 18 in and that reducing the building's height is impossible. The architect should suggest that the owner apply for a(n) (A) conditional use permit (B) easement (C) PUD (D) variance

(D) variance A variance is an allowed deviation from zoning regulations. They are often granted where it is impossible or difficult to meet a zoning requirement or where a zoning ordinance does not completely cover unusual conditions A conditional use permit is given by a city or zoning jurisdiction to allow, if certain conditions are met, an otherwise prohibited use. This would not be appropriate for a situation where the allowed building height was exceeded An easement is the right to use a portion of land owned by another for a specific purpose A planned unit development (PUD) is a planning tool for large tracts of land that gives a developer discretion in how the land is developed. Aspects of the plan must comply with standards and restrictions determined by the local planning agency

To determine the minimum parking requirements for site development, the architect should first consult (A) the ADA Accessibility Guidelines (B) development covenants (C) the local building code (D) zoning regulations

(D) zoning regulations Zoning regulations typically govern the minimum number of parking and loading spaces required on a site. This should be the first requirement that the architect researches. The ADA Accessibility Guidelines give requirements for the number, size, and configuration of accessible spaces, but this information can only be determined after the total number of parking spaces is established. Although not common, there may be additional requirements in covenants, but these would be determined after zoning regulations were determined. The building code in effect within a jurisdiction does not determine the required number of parking spaces

The net-to-gross ratio for a small retail store has been estimated by the architect to be 80%. The client has told the architect that 60,000 ft2 of sales and storage space are required. The architect should plan for a building area of ____ ft2. (Fill in the blank.)

75,000 ft2 Gross Area = = net / net-to-gross ratio = 60,000 ft / .8 = 75,000 ft2

What was the main reason for mankind's transition from a nomadic existence to a settled life? (A) Wars (B) Climate change (C) Development of agriculture (D) Famine and drought (E) Development of written language

The main reason for the transition from a nomadic existence to a settled life was the development of agriculture. The decline of the nomadic hunter-gatherer is also the the start of permanent buildings and architecture