ARE - CDS - K-Plan - Chapter Quizes

(1)1. When preparing specifications relating to moisture control, an architect should rely on A. manufacturers' literature. B. the local building code. C. personal judgment and experience. D. all of the above.

(1)1. D When preparing specifications, the architect must review the manufacturer's literature to determine if the product specified is appropriate for the application (A). Any specification must at least meet the minimum standards established by the local building code (B). As with all professional services, the architect must rely on his or her own professional judgment and experience when preparing specifications (C). Since A, B, and C are all correct, D is the answer.

(1)10. All of the following statements about performance specifications are true EXCEPT A. they include test parameters for the items specified. B. they make the contractor responsible for proper performance of the specified items. C. they explain all components of the project. D. the specified items are in detail. E. they are best used for new or unusual situations.

(1)10. C Descriptive specifications explain all components of the specified items in detail (C). Statements A, B, and D correctly describe performance specifications.

(1)11. Which type of information is NOT normally contained in construction specifications? A. Level of quality B. Quantities C. Desired performance D. Installation methods

(1)11. B Level of quality, desired performance, and installation methods (A, C, and D) are contained in the specifications, but quantities (B) are determined from the drawings.

(1)12. When evaluating substitutions proposed by the contractors, an architect should consider all of the following factors EXCEPT A. the terms of the warranty. B. code compliance. C. projected maintenance costs. D. equipment required for installation.

(1)12. D The warranty (A), code compliance (B), and maintenance costs (C) must be comparable for a product to be approved as a substitute for a specified product. Installation equipment is not considered by the architect, although if the in-place cost of the product is reduced, the savings may accrue to the owner if the substitution is approved.

(1)13. Which of the following statements concerning master specifications is FALSE? A. They tend to reduce repetitive clerical work. B. They are usually edited by adding appropriate sections. C. They can be difficult to keep accurate and up-to-date. D. They make initial draft specifications available early in a project's development

(1)13. B Master specifications are generally edited by eliminating information that does not apply to the project, not by adding information.

(1)14. Proprietary specifications A. are supplied by product manufacturers on loose sheets of paper for architects to bind into project manuals. B. are usually open, but may be closed on private projects. C. contain full technical data on the products specified. D. contain no trade names.

(1)14. B Proprietary specifications list one or more acceptable products by name. An open proprietary specification allows equivalent products not listed to be provided, while a closed proprietary specification allows only those products listed to be provided.

(1)15. Plumbing drawings have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A. they are diagrammatic. B. they are frequently superimposed on blank architectural floor plans. C. they graphically show the physical dimensions of pipes. D. they indicate connections between pipes.

(1)15. C Plumbing drawings indicate the size of pipes by notation, not graphically. (C is the incorrect statement we are looking for.) Statements A, B, and D correctly describe plumbing drawings.

(1)2. Construction work is divided among the construction trades in accordance with I. the specifications. II. the drawings. III. trade union rules. IV. the general contractor's judgment. A. IV only B. I, II, III, and IV C. Ill and IV D. I, II, and III

(1)2. C Although the drawings and specifications organize information, the general contractor divides the construction trades in accordance with trade union rules (III) and business judgment (IV). See page 11.

(1)3. Which type of information is NOT normally contained in construction drawings? A. Dimensions B. Level of quality C. Quantities D. Configurations

(1)3. B Dimensions (A), quantities (C), and configurations (D) can be determined from the drawings, but the level of quality (B) is indicated in the specifications.

(1)4. Shop drawings provide the architect with information on which of the following? Check all that apply. A. Installation details B. Equipment operating data C. Color and texture D. Standard of workmanship

(1)4. A Shop drawings show installation details for the actual product to be used in the project (A). Equipment operating data (B) are indicated in product data submittals. Color and texture (C) are shown on schedules and specifications prepared by the architect and may be repeated on shop drawings. Standard of workmanship (D) is stated in the specifications.

(1)5. A Project Manual contains I. drawings. II. General conditions of the contract for construction. III. Instructions to bidders. IV. Sample contract administration forms. V. The bid form. A. II and IV B. I, III, and V C. H, III, IV, and V D. I, II, III, IV, and V

(1)5. C A Project Manual contains the technical specifications and other contractual and administrative documents, such as those in choices II, HI, and IV, but it does not include the drawings (I), although it may contain a list of the drawings.

(1)6. All of the following statements about descriptive specifications are true EXCEPT A. they describe desired end results. B. they make the architect responsible for proper performance of the specified items. C. they explain all components of the specified items in detail. D. they describe the arrangement and assembly of the components of the specified items.

(1)6. A Specifications that describe the desired end result (A) are performance specifications. Statements B, C, and D are all true regarding descriptive specifications.

(1)7. Cash allowance specifications A. require the contractor to set aside money in the bid to be applied to the cost of an item of work once the level of quality is known. B. provide that the owner will obtain a discount for construction materials purchased with cash. C. provide that the owner will be rebated a cash amount for each specified item that the contractor can buy at a discount. D. establish a fixed price for each unit of material so that a final bid amount can be calculated once quantities are known.

(1)7. A See page 15 for a discussion of cash allowance specifications.

(1)8. When selecting mechanical systems for a project, the architect and mechanical engineering consultant should consider which of the following factors? I. Skill of the owner's maintenance staff II. Weight of the equipment III. Noise characteristics of the equipment IV. Operating clearances A. II and IV B. II, III, and IV C. Ill only D. I, II, III, and IV

(1)8. D All the factors shown influence the selection of a mechanical system.

(1)9. Reference specifications are A. comprehensive specification checklists to which an architect refers at the start of each new job. B. used by architects to refer contractors to federal or other standard specifications that are to apply to work on the project. C. proprietary systems like MasterSpec® to which architects may subscribe. D. useful because they do not have to be updated once the initial research is done.

(1)9. B Reference specifications refer to standard specifications that are incorporated into the project specifications by reference, not by actual text. See page 15.

(2)1. Select the correct statement. A. Caulking, when properly applied, may be relied upon to prevent water penetration. B. Durability is generally the primary consideration when selecting finish materials. C. Samples are not usually required if the product is manufactured. D. As a last resort, an architect has the right to reject work that does not conform to the contract documents.

(2)1. D The architect has the authority to reject work under subparagraph 2.6.2.2 of the ALA Owner-Architect Agreement (Document B201). Answer A is partially true, but caulking is only one part of a waterproofing system. In answer B, durability is one of several important considerations in selecting finish materials. Equally important are appearance and cost. Samples of manufactured products are required when the product is part of a critical assembly (C is incorrect).

(2)10. To prevent electrolysis, an architect should A. specify only galvanized materials. B. specify ground fault interrupters (GFI) on all convenience outlets. C. separate all reactive metals with building felt or other non-conductive material. D. avoid the use of aluminum that will be exposed to the weather.

(2)10. C See discussion of electrolysis on page 38.

(2)11. Life safety codes A. are primarily intended to protect property from fire damage. B. are used in some jurisdictions instead of building codes. C. specify the location and number of exits in a building. D. consider all factors necessary to produce safe buildings.

(2)11. C Answer A is incorrect, since building and fire codes are intended to protect buildings from fire damage. In incorrect answer B, life safety codes are used in conjunction with, not instead of, building codes. Life safety codes primarily address egress (D is incorrect).

(2)12. Mock-ups are most appropriately specified when which of the following conditions exists? I. The project will incorporate the first installation of a new system or assembly. II. The system, assembly, or method of installation is very innovative. III. The time available for construction is short. IV. The system or assembly is to be used repetitively. V. The project has a relatively tight budget. A. IE only C. I, II, and IV B. IV only D. I, II, III, and IV

(2)12. C Mock-ups generally do not produce time or cost savings (III and V are incorrect). For new or innovative systems (I and II), mock-ups allow testing under actual job site conditions. For repetitive systems (IV), mock-ups allow design refinements.

(2)13. Select the most correct statement. Building codes A. suggest ideal solutions to technical construction problems. B. are intended to insure that buildings will be structurally safe until the arrival of the fire department. C. are concerned only with assemblies of construction materials and systems, whereas zoning codes deal with the uses of a building. D. are concerned with containing fires so that a fire in one building will not damage other buildings.

(2)13. D Answer A is incorrect, since building codes are minimum, not ideal, standards. In incorrect answer B, the fire resistive requirements of building codes are intended to allow the evacuation of occupants within a specified period of time. Zoning ordinances regulate land use, while the type of construction required by building codes is a function of use as well as area, height, and fire resistive properties of materials and assemblies (C is incorrect).

(2)2. In general, construction items may be manufactured, shop fabricated, or job fabricated. Match each item with its most common method of fabrication. A. Concrete—job fabrication Elevators—shop fabrication Light fixtures—manufactured B. Plumbing fixtures—manufactured Cabinets—job manufactured Structural steel—shop fabricated C. Plumbing—manufactured Stairways—manufactured Electrical equipment—manufactured D. Air-conditioning equipment—shop fabricated Air-conditioning ductwork—shop fabricated Railings—shop fabricated

(2)2. A In correct answer A, concrete may be shop fabricated (precast), but more commonly it is cast-in-place (job fabricated). In incorrect answer B, cabinets are usually shop fabricated. Stairways are usually shop fabricated (C is incorrect). In incorrect choice D, air conditioning equipment is usually manufactured.

(2)3. All of the following require details which allow for movement caused by thermal changes, EXCEPT A. concrete paving. B. wood framing. C. sheet metal rain gutters. D. metal storefronts and curtain walls.

(2)3. B Wood has a low coefficient of thermal expansion. In addition, the connections in wood framing are generally flexible enough to accommodate any thermal movement that may occur. Concrete is very susceptible to cracking, especially during curing (A is incorrect). Metal has a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion. Also, paving, gutters, and curtain walls are exposed to the exterior, where, unlike wood framing, they are subject to extreme temperature variations (C and D are incorrect).

(2)4. The principal consideration in acoustic control is the sound absorptive quality of the A. floor. B. The architect C. ceiling. B. walls. D. roof.

(2)4. C See pages 41 and 42 for a discussion of acoustical control.

(2)5. Select the correct statement concerning shop drawings. A. They are prepared exclusively by the general contractor and submitted to the architect for review. B. In case of discrepancy between the shop drawings and the contract documents, the shop drawings will prevail. C. They are usually prepared by fabricators and submitted to the general contractor and architect for review. D. An architect must carefully check dimensions and quantities shown on shop drawings, because approving the shop drawings implies that dimensions and quantities are accurate.

(2)5. C Answer A is incorrect because shop drawings are usually prepared by fabricators. The AIA General Conditions state that shop drawings do not supersede the Contract Documents (B is incorrect). D is also incorrect because the AIA General Conditions specifically place the responsibility for checking dimensions and quantities on the contractor.

(2)6. Which of the following tend to reduce the transmission of vibration and/or sound? I. Installing isolators under airconditioning equipment II. Increasing the mass of the base under air-conditioning equipment III. Increasing the cross-sectional area of air-conditioning ducts IV. Lining the inside of air-conditioning ducts V. Using a resilient suspension system for ceilings A. I, II, IV, and V B. I, II, III, IV, and V C. II, III, and V D. I, III, and IV

(2)6. B All five methods tend to reduce the transmission of vibration and/or sound.

(2)7. List the following in order of required accuracy, from most to least accurate. I. Location of property lines II. Location of column center lines III. Dimensions of concealed concrete IV. Dimensions of exposed concrete V. Cabinet work A. I, II, V, IV, III B. II, I, V, IV, III C. I, V, II, III, IV D. V, I, II, IV, III

(2)7. A Locating property fines (I) requires the greatest degree of accuracy because of legal concerns. These and column center lines (II) are always established on site before any construction occurs, and are used as references for layout of all subsequent work. Dimensions of cabinet work designed to fit into an existing opening (V) are also critical. Exposed concrete (IV) requires greater accuracy than concealed concrete (III), which is normally hidden by finish materials.

(2)8. Which of the following are created by winds acting on buildings? Check all that apply. A. Moments B. Lateral forces C. Vertical forces D. Torsion

(2)8. A, B, C, and D A moment (A) is created when wind acting on a building tends to overturn the building. Wind typically acts horizontally or laterally (B). Wind can also create uplift, especially under overhangs and above roofs (C). The massing of a building may cause uneven distribution of lateral forces, thereby introducing torsion (D).

(2)9. One of the acoustical ratings given to building materials and assemblies is Sound Transmission Class (STC). This rating is concerned with A. impact noises. B. speech isolation. C. amplification. D. reverberation.

(2)9. B Impact noise of a material (A) is rated by an Impact Isolation Class (HC). Amplification and reverberation (C and D) are functions of the absorptive characteristics of a material rated by a Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC). The correct answer, therefore, is B.

(3)1. Life-cycle costing includes which of the following? Check all that apply. A. Construction cost B. Maintenance cost C. Operating cost D. Replacement cost

(3)1. A, B, C, and D Life-cycle costing considers cost of the building throughout its life. Some aspects of a sustainable design may cost more initially but may result in lower life-cycle costs due to lower operating and manufacturing costs.

(3)2. Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of sustainable design? A. Designs that have components that are easily recyclable B. Designs that have lower initial costs C. Designs that use less D. Designs that have components that are easily biodegradeable

(3)2. B Sustainable designs may or may not have lower initial costs.

(3)3. Which of the following are recommended approaches to listing suppliers for sustainable products? I. Describe product requirements but do not list any suppliers by name. II. Limit the installer to three to five suppliers that meet specification requirements. III. List sustainable reference standards and elements only. IV. Identify a list of qualified suppliers, but allow the bidder/contractor to purpose substitution that meet specifications. A. I only B. Ill only C. II only D. II and IV

(3)3. D Refer to page 59.

(3)4. LEED stands for A. Low Energy Environmental Developer. B. Leadership in Energy Efficient Design. C. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. D. Lighting, Electricity, and Environmental Dynamics.

(3)4. C

(3)5. LEED is sponsored by A. NIBS. B. USGBC. C. ASHRAE. D. CSI.

(3)5. B U.S. Green Building Council, The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) provides established standards by which building performance is measured, but the USGBC sponsors the program.

(3)6. Which of the following is NOT a category in the LEED rating system? A. Innovation and design practice B. Water efficiency C. Recycling D. Materials and resources

(3)6. C Refer to the complete list of all six categories on page 56. Recycling is a sustainable practice included within the rating system, but it is not one of the six categories.

(3)7. VOC stands for A. volatile organic compounds. B. volatile odiferous chemicals. C. ventilation-ordered chemistry. D. violent organic compound.

(3)7. A Volatile organic compounds.

(3)8. Sustainability affects which of the following traditional components to every design decision? I. Cost II. Function III. Aesthetics IV. Time A. I and III C. I, II, and IV B. I and II D. I, II, III, and IV

(3)8. D

(4)1. According to AIA documents, which of the following are NOT considered a part of the construction contract documents? I. Specifications II. Addenda III. Shop drawings IV. Owner-Architect Agreement V. Supplementary Conditions A. IV only C. I and V B. II and III D. Ill and IV

(4)1. D Subparagraph 3.12.4 of the ALA General Conditions specifically states that shop drawings (III) are not contract documents. The architect's rights and responsibilities during the construction phase are referenced in the ALA General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, but the contractor is not a party to the Owner-Architect Agreement (IV). Subparagraph 1.1.1 of the ALA General Conditions specifically includes the specifications, addenda, and supplementary conditions as part of the contract documents (I, II, and V).

(4)10. An architect issues certificates for payment for work performed by the contractor. For what reasons might an architect legitimately nullify all or part of a previously issued certificate for payment? I. The architect discovers defective work. II. The owner's lender refuses to release funds. III. The contractor fails to pay subcontractors. IV. A pedestrian walking past the project site is injured by a falling piece of lumber and sues the owner. V. The contractor persistently fails to comply with the contract documents. A. I, II, III, IV, and V B. I only C. I, III, IV, and V D. Ill and V

(4)10. C See page 70, and subparagraph 9.5.1 of the AIA General Conditions for payment nullification reasons. All of the reasons listed, except for the lender's refusal to release funds (II), are legitimate.

(4)11. Which of the following statements concerning payments to a contractor is FALSE? A. Payments are based on a schedule of values. B. Title to materials and equipment passes to the owner upon payment. C. The owner must pay the contractor within 21 days after the architect issues the certificate for payment. D. Payments do not normally cover materials in transit.

(4)11. C See pages 66 to 67. The owner must pay the contractor as stipulated in the contract documents, not necessarily within 21 days after the certificate for payment.

(4)12. Which of the following parties are responsible for workers' safety on a construction site? I. The owner II. The architect III. The general contractor IV. The contractor's surety company A. III only B. I only C. I, II, and III D. I, II, III, and IV

(4)12. A See page 174 and Article 10 of the AIA General Conditions for the general contractor's responsibility for site safety.

(4)13. An architect, under the provisions of the ALA documents, inspects a project how often during the construction phase? A. Never, the architect observes the construction. B. At intervals appropriate to the progress of the construction work. C. Once, at final completion. D. Twice, at substantial completion and at final completion.

(4)13. D Since substantial and final completion are significant events for the contractor and owner, the architect is required to make detailed inspections prior to certifying completion. Other site visits are not considered inspections, since they are less detailed.

(4)14. Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite for final payment to the contractor? A. Final inspection by the architect. B. Owner's receipt of the certificate of final completion from the architect. C. Owner's receipt of the contractor's affidavit of payment of debts. D. Owner's receipt of consent of the contractor's surety company.

(4)14. B See page 74 and Paragraph 9.10 of the AIA General Conditions for prerequisites for final payment. Answer B is the incorrect answer we are looking for, because there is no certificate of final completion, only a final certificate for payment.

(4)15. Which of the following parties must approve shop drawings according to the AIA General Conditions? Check all that apply. A. Architect B. Contractor C. Owner D. Engineers E. Subcontractors

(4)15. A and B Subparagraph 3.12.5 of the AIA General Conditions requires the contractor to approve shop drawings and 4.2.7 requires the architect to do likewise (A and B). The owner (C) is not involved in the shop drawing process. Subcontractors may prepare the shop drawings (E is incorrect). The engineers may review and stamp shop drawings, but the AIA General Conditions do not recognize the engineers as entities independent of the architect (D is incorrect).

(4)2 ._____ assures an owner that the contractor will execute the work in accordance with the contract.

(4)2. Performance bond A performance bond guarantees proper execution of the work by the contractor. Conversely, a payment bond guarantees payment to the subcontractors by the prime contractor.

(4)3. During the course of construction, liability insurance should be maintained by which of the following? I. The mortgagee II. Trade unions III. The surety company IV. The owner V. The contractor A. IV only C.IV and V B. I and V D. II and III

(4)3. C The various types of construction insurance are discussed on pages 65 to 67. Both the owner and contractor (IV and V) are required to purchase liability insurance by Article 11 of the ALA General Conditions.

(4)4. Where would provisions for liquidated damages normally be found? A. Owner-Contractor Agreement B. General Conditions of the Contract for Construction C. Additive Alternates to the Contract D. Proposal Form and Instructions to Bidders

(4)4. A See page 69 for information about liquidated damages. The AIA OwnerContractor Agreement instruction sheet advises the parties to include the amount of damages due for each day lost in Paragraph 3.3 of the Agreement or in the Supplementary Conditions.

(4)5. A change during construction in the location of underground lines from that shown on the site utilities plan should be reflected in A. record drawings. B. architectural drawings. C. field sketches. D. shop drawings.

(4)5. A Subparagraph 3.11 of the General Conditions requires the contractor to maintain a set of record drawings (A) at the site marked currently to record field changes and selections made during construction. A field sketch (C) is used to revise or clarify information shown in the contract documents based on field conditions.

(4)6. Architects are responsible for preparing which parts of a Project Manual? I. Specifications II. General Conditions III. Supplementary Conditions IV. Owner-Contractor Agreement A. I only C. II and III B. I and III D. I, II, HI, and IV

(4)6. A See pages 6-8 for information regarding the Project Manual. The General Conditions (II) are either a standard form, such as AIA Document A201, or written by the owner's attorney. An architect should never prepare a contract to which the architect is not a party, such as the Owner-Contractor Agreement (IV). The Specifications (I) are prepared by the architect, but not necessarily the Supplementary Conditions (HI).

(4)7. Which of the following are responsibilities of the owner under the provisions of the AIA General Conditions? I. Provide access to the construction site. II. Make payments to the contractor. III. Make payments to the subcontractors. IV. Obtain necessary easements. V. Provide necessary copies of construction documents. A. II only C. I and IV B. II and HI D. II, IV, and V

(4)7. D Article 2 of the AIA General Conditions requires the owner to obtain easements and provide copies of construction documents (IV and V). Article 9 requires the owner to pay the contractor (II). The contractor, not the owner, is required to pay the subcontractors (III), and access to the site as an owner's responsibility is implied but not explicitly stated (I).

(4)8. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Contract time A. is measured in working days. B. ends at substantial completion. C. ends at final completion. D. always starts when the Owner Contractor Agreement is signed.

(4)8. B Under the definitions of time in the AIA General Conditions (8.1.1), time is the period allotted for substantial completion of the work (B is correct, C is incorrect). Subparagraph 8.1.4 defines day as calendar day (A is incorrect). The date of the contract is often the start of construction time, but may be otherwise if noted in Paragraph 3.1 of the Owner-Contractor Agreement, or if a notice to proceed has a different starting date (D is also incorrect).

(4)9. Under the provisions of the AIA General Conditions, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Warranty periods begin at substantial completion. B. Warranty periods begin at final completion. C. The general warranty period is one year. D. Warranties are worthless without bonds to back them up.

(4)9. A Subparagraph 9.8.4 of the AIA General Conditions states that warranties commence on the date of substantial completion, unless a different commencement date is stated in the certificate of substantial completion (A is correct). See page 73 for a discussion of warranties.

(5)1. An architect's preliminary estimate of construction cost would consider all of the following EXCEPT I. labor and materials supplied by the owner. II. cooling towers. III. land acquisition costs. IV. the architect's fee. V. metal curtain wall systems. A. I only B. I and IV C. None, everything would be considered D. Ill and IV

(5)1. D See pages 83 and 84, and Paragraph 5.1 of AIA Document B201 for definition of construction cost. Land acquisition costs and the architect's fee (III and IV), while part of the owner's project budget, are specifically excluded from construction cost in paragraph 5.1.

(5)10. In preparing an initial estimate of construction cost for a building type with which the architect has no experience, an architect may consult with I. a cost estimating consultant. II. a contractor experienced in the building type. III. an architect experienced in the building type. IV. cost estimating publications. A. III and IV C. I only B. I, II, and IV D. I, II, III, and IV

(5)10. D See pages 86 and 87 for a discussion of construction costs based on area/volume estimates.

(5)11. A contractor's indirect costs include which of the following? A. General conditions B. Excavation C. Architect's fees D. FF&E

(5)11. A See page 88 for items included in indirect costs. Excavation is a direct cost (B is incorrect). Architect's fees and FF&E (furniture, furnishings, and equipment) are owner's costs (C and D are incorrect).

(5)2. An architect who prepares a preliminary estimate of construction cost according to the subsystems method A. considers one set of subsystems for concrete buildings and a different set for steel buildings. B. can easily analyze the cost of alternative exterior wall systems. C. would most likely use this method during the schematic design phase. D. would probably be performing an additional service under the AIA Agreement between Owner and Architect.

(5)2. B See pages 87 to 89 for a description of the subsystems method of estimating. Answer B is correct because subsystems estimates include all components of a particular subsystem (e.g., for a brick cavity wall: brick, concrete masonry units, insulation, flashing, mortar, joint reinforcement, lintels, brick ties, etc.). Thus, the total for a brick cavity wall can easily be compared to the total for a metal and glass curtain wall, on a cost per square foot basis.

(5)3. Detailed estimates of construction cost I. are usually a change in services. II. are usually basic services. III. are calculated solely by determining the sum of the required quantity of materials, multiplied by their unit costs. IV. must include indirect costs such as contractor's overhead and administrative costs, profit, and the cost of General Conditions items. A. I only B. I and IV C. II only D. I and III

(5)3. B See pages 88 through 92 for a description of detailed estimates of construction cost.

(5)4. If the lowest bid on a project is greater than the budget, the owner has which of the following choices under the provisions of the AIA documents? Check all that apply. A. Agree to waive the budget B. Rebid the project when market conditions are more favorable C. Require the architect to modify the contract documents at no cost to the owner so that the project can be rebid D. Abandon the project E. Sue the architect for breach of contract F. Ask the architect to modify the contract documents and sue if the resubmitted bids still exceed the budget

(5)4. A, B, C, and D See subparagraphs 5.6 and 5.7 of AIA Document B201 for the four options available to the owner if the budget is exceeded by the lowest bid. These options are those in answers A through D. The owner has no claim against the architect if the budget is exceeded.

(5)5. Once an architect has completed a specific type of project, the cost per square foot can be determined and used to predict the cost of a future project of the same type. However, such unit costs must be adjusted to account for which of the following factors? I. The location of the project. II. The project's type of construction. III. The perimeter and configuration of the building. IV. Whether the owner is a private or public entity. V. The number of stories of the building. VI. The source of construction funding. A. II, III, and IV C. III, V, and VI B. I, II, and VI D. I, II, III, and V

(5)5. D See pages 86 and 87 for adjustments that may be necessary to the cost per square foot estimate.

(5)6. In order to meet an owner's budget for a project, the architect has control over which of the following? A. Quality only B. Quality and scope C. Quality and price D. Quality, scope, and price

(5)6. B See subparagraph 5.5 of AIA Document B201 for the architect's authority to modify scope and quality to meet the owner's budget. Answers C and D are incorrect because the architect is not able to control price directly.

(5)7. Architects are able to control which of the following factors affecting construction cost of projects? A. Cost of labor B. Cost of materials C. Contractors' bidding methods D. None of the above

(5)7. D The architect is not able to control the cost of labor, materials, or the contractor's bidding methods. Subparagraph 5.2 of AIA Document B201 relieves the architect from responsibility for these factors.

(5)8. When contractors prepare bid prices, they calculate direct costs, normal overhead, and projected profit. Which of the following factors may also be legitimate considerations? I. Project funding II. Potential liquidated damages III. Competitive conditions IV. Special insurance requirements V. The weather VI. Errors and omissions in the drawings and specifications A. I and VI C. II, III, IV, and V B. II and IV D. II, IV, V, and VI

(5)8. C II through V all may affect the contractor's bid prices. See page 93 for a discussion of these factors. Funding is the owner's responsibility (I is incorrect). Errors and omissions may result in change orders after the contract is awarded (VI is incorrect).

(5)9. An architect's preliminary estimate of construction cost is generally A. based on the National Construction Cost Index. B. subject to adjustment because of fluctuating market and competitive conditions encountered during bidding. C. considered to be an additional service under the AIA Owner-Architect Agreement. D. guaranteed within 5 to 10 percent of the ultimate construction cost.

(5)9. B Subparagraph 5.2 of AIA Document B201 states that the architect has no control over bidding, market, or negotiating conditions (B is correct). There is no National Construction Cost Index (A is incorrect). Estimates of construction cost are basic services in AIA Document B201 (C is incorrect). The architect never guarantees the ultimate construction cost (D is incorrect).

(6)1. With reference to the CPM network diagram above, select the correct statement. <IMAGE> A. Activity C cannot begin until both B and E are completed. B. Activity G cannot begin until F is completed. C. Activity F cannot begin until G is completed. D. Activity E cannot begin until A is completed.

(6)1. A Activities B and E both terminate at event 3, after which activity C may begin. See page 105.

(6)10. Reducing the critical path time will very likely A. increase the project cost. B. extend the construction time. C. have no effect on the float time. D. have no effect on project quality.

(6)10. A Project cost would be increased because of inefficiencies resulting from additional labor and overtime work. See page 125.

(6)2. Referring to the same diagram, what is the critical path? <IMAGE> A. 1-5 C.1-3-4-5 B. 1-4-5 D. 1-2-3-4-5

(6)2. D The critical path is the path with the longest total required time. See page 107.

(6)3. Referring to the same diagram, what is the critical path time? <IMAGE> A. 3 days C. 8 days B. 7 days D. 20 days

(6)3. C Critical path 1-2-3-4-5 has a total time of 2 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 8 days.

(6)4. Which of the following would normally influence a contractor's construction schedule? I. The quality of construction documents II. The reliability of material dealers III. The total construction cost IV. The size of the project V. The anticipated weather conditions A. I and IV C. I, II, IV, and V B. II, III, and V D. All of the above

(6)4. C Total construction cost has little to do with the construction schedule. See pages 103-105.

5. A type of project scheduling commonly used in situations where minimum construction time is required is called _____.

(6)5. Fast track Fast track scheduling is appropriate in situations that require minimum construction time. Time savings are achieved by overlapping the production of construction documents with construction activities, with certain portions of the project documented and built in phases.

(6)6. An architect estimates that design and production for a project will take one year. The client, however, requests that the total time be reduced to nine months. By using the shorter time schedule, what would be the likely outcome? A. The general quality of design and production will be unaffected. B. The quality of the construction documents will be lower. C. The construction budget will be higher. D. The construction time will be greater.

(6)6. B Certain phases of design and production, such as client approval and project bidding, have fixed times. Therefore, the 25 percent reduction in time would probably come from the construction drawing phase. This would likely lower the overall quality of the construction documents. The construction budget and time would be unaffected.

(6)7. By shortening an architect's time schedule for design and production of drawings, his or her A. labor costs would increase. B. overhead would increase. C. profit would increase. D. documents would be unaffected.

(6)7. A A shortened time schedule may reduce some fixed overhead expenses, such as rent, but it would undoubtedly lead to higher costs because of overtime work, additional hired help, and/or work that is subcontracted to others. Because of higher labor costs, profit would decrease, and the documents would be adversely affected. See page 125.

(6)8. Arrange the following tasks for a typical project in ascending order of scheduled time, that is, from the task requiring the least time to the most. I. Schematic design phase II. Bidding phase III. Client approval IV. Design development phase V. Construction documents phase A. II, I, III, V, IV B. I, III, II, V, IV C. III, I, IV, II, V D. III, II, I, IV, V

(6)8. D See pages 99-102.

(6)9. An architect's scheduling and staffing requirements for a specific project are dependent on the project's A. size. B. cost. C. complexity. D. quality.

(6)9. C Complexity is generally more critical than size, while cost and quality rarely affect scheduling.

(7)1. A project delivery method that involves an owner hiring someone with constructability and cost expertise to work with the architect during the design phase is called _____.

(7)1. Construction management The construction management delivery method involves an owner who hires a construction manager to work with the architect to resolve constructability and cost issues during the design phase.

(7)2. Which of the following is not an advantage of the typical design/build delivery method? A. Facilitates fast-track construction B. Provides a reliable project cost early in the process C. The owner participates fully in the design process D. The design/build firm provides a single source of responsibility for design and

(7)2. C The design/build entity is typically responsible for the design and construction of a project, based upon requirements established by the owner and issued in the request for proposal.

(7)3. An architect acts as an owner's agent in which of the following situations? I. As a member of a joint venture with a construction company II. The design-award-build delivery method III. The construction management delivery method IV. The design/build delivery method A. I and III B. II and IV C. II and in D. I and IV

(7)3. C An architect acts as an agent for the owner in the design/award/build and the construction management delivery methods (II and III are the correct answers). An architect acts as a vendor responsible for the cost and construction of a project in a joint venture with a contractor and in the design/build delivery method (I and IV are incorrect).

(8)1. Which of the following statements describes the primary purpose of a pre-bid conference? A. Subcontractors deliver their sub-bids to the general contractor. B. The general contractor meets with the owner to discuss project funding and budget. C. The architect describes special aspects of the project's design or construction. D. The architect issues all addenda to describe changes made since the bidding documents were issued.

(8)1. C A pre-bid conference is held to inform the bidders about unique circumstances of the project not readily apparent in the bid documents (answer C is correct). Subcontractors submit bids just prior to the general contractors' bids (answer A is incorrect). An addendum may be issued at the conference, but subsequent addenda may be issued within several days of the bid date (answer D is incorrect).

(8)10. Where a bidder is required to offer proposals including amounts to be added to or subtracted from the base bid for the addition or deletion of specific items of work, these proposals are known as A. change in services. B. change orders. C. alternates. D. addenda.

(8)10. C See the glossary for definitions of change in services, change orders, and addenda (answers A, B, and D are incorrect). This question correctly defines alternates (answer C is correct).

(8)2. On private construction projects, the owner may use which of the following methods to request proposals for the construction of an addition to the building? I. Publish an advertisement for bids. II. Send an invitation for bids to prequalified contractors. III. Negotiate with a construction manager. IV. Call the contractor who built the original structure. A. I only B. II only C. I, II, and IV D. I, II, III, and IV

(8)2. D A private owner may choose any of the listed methods to request proposals. In general, competitive bidding among pre-qualified bidders results in the best combination of price and quality.

(8)3. Which of the following documents are part of the bidding documents? Check all that apply. A. Drawings B. Instructions to bidders C. Shop drawings D. Addenda

(8)3. A, B, and D Shop drawings (C) are submitted by the successful contractor after the construction contract has been awarded. Drawings and instructions to bidders (A and B) are issued with the initial bid documents. Addenda are issued during the bid period (D) and are considered part of the bid documents.

(8)4. Under normal competitive bidding using ALA documents, an owner may waive which of the following irregularities or informalities? I. Late bids II. Bids submitted on non-standard bid forms I II. Incomplete bids IV. Omission of a required performance bond A. I and II C. I, II, and III B. II and III D. I, III, and IV

(8)4. A Late bids and non-standard bid forms generally do not materially affect the outcome of competitive bidding and may be overlooked by a private owner (I and II are correct). Incomplete bids make it impossible to determine the low bidder (answer HI is incorrect). Omission of a performance bond is an indication that the contractor is not capable of performing the work (answer IV is incorrect).

(8)5. Which of the following factors have NO effect on the ideal length of the bidding period? A. Size of the project B. Complexity of the project C. Number of bidders D. The distribution of documents to local plan rooms

(8)5. C The number of bidders generally has no effect on the length of the bid period, except when distribution of many sets of bid documents to many bidders consumes excessive time (answer C is correct). See pages 124 and 125 for a discussion of time allowed for bidding.

(8)6. If a bid security is required as part of a contractor's proposal, which of the following is the most appropriate form? A. Performance bond B. Binding covenant C. Certified check D. Indemnity agreement

(8)6. C See pages 137 and 138 for a discussion of bid security. A certified check is an acceptable form of bid security (answer C is correct). A performance bond is an indication of the bidder's ability to perform the work (answer A is incorrect). Covenants and indemnities afford some protection, but are not as liquid as a cashier's check or a bid bond (answers B and D are incorrect).

(8)7. Once a general contractor is determined to be the low bidder on a project, he or she is required to submit a list of the subcontractors and major suppliers proposed for the project. Which of the following statements about that list is INCORRECT? A. It is for the owner's and architect's information only. B. The owner may make reasonable objection. C. The architect may reasonably reject any of the listed subcontractors. D. If any parties are substituted at the owner's or architect's request and additional costs result, the owner must pay the price increase or release the bidder without penalty.

(8)7. A See page 137 for a discussion of the list of subcontractors. B, C, and D are all correct. A is the incorrect statement and therefore the answer to this question: the purpose of the list of subcontractors is to provide the owner and architect the opportunity to review the list and make reasonable objections.

(8)8. According to the AIA Instructions to Bidders, bidding documents are issued to A. general contractors only. B. general contractors and all sub-bidders. C. general contractors and selected sub-bidders. D. general contractors, sub-bidders, and all major material suppliers.

(8)8. A Bidding documents are issued to general contractors only (answer A is correct). Sub-bidders and material suppliers obtain the bid documents from, and submit their bids to, the general contractors (answers B, C, and D are incorrect).

(8)9. Which of the following is NOT included when totaling bids to determine the low bidder? A. Deductive alternates B. Unit prices C. Base bid D. Additive alternates

(8)9. B The lowest bid is the lowest total of the base bid (C) and accepted additive and deductive alternates (A and D). Unit prices (B) cannot be combined with the base bid and alternates to determine the low bidder.

(9)1. AIA Document B201, the Owner-Architect Agreement, gives the architect the right to do which of the following? A. Determine construction techniques and procedures B. Reject work not conforming the requirements of the contract documents C. Stop work without written authorization from the owner D. Have unlimited direct contact with subcontractors and material suppliers

(9)1. B Subparagraph 2.6.2.2 of the ALA Owner-Architect Agreement specifically gives the architect the authority to reject work that does not conform to the contract documents. The other three actions would expose the architect to professional liability. Choices A and D are specifically excluded from the architect's services in Subparagraphs 2.6.1.2 and 2.6.2.1. Only the owner can stop the work (see Paragraph 2.3 of the AIA General Conditions).

(9)10. The amount of the performance bond is normally what percentage of the contract sum? A. 75% B. 50% C. 66 2/3% D. 100%

(9)10. D A performance bond amount of less than 100 percent indicates that the surety does not believe that the contractor can perform the work according to the surety's standards. The surety may believe that the project is too big for the contractor, or that the contractor has too many commitments to other projects.

(9)11. Construction contracts normally require which of the following parties to carry liability insurance? I. The contractor II. The owner III. The architect IV. The mortgagee V. The bonding company A. I only B. I and II C. V only D. I, II, III, IV, and V

(9)11. B See pages 151 to 155 and the AIA General Conditions paragraphs 11.1 and 11.2 for a discussion of the owner's and contractor's liability insurance requirements during construction. The Owner-Architect Agreement may require the architect to carry professional liability insurance, but this is not a requirement of the construction contract.

(9)12. Under which circumstances should the architect supervise construction? A. Whenever possible B. Never C. Only if the contractor agrees to otherwise manage, direct, and control the project D. Only if no one else is available for this task

(9)12. B Supervision of construction is excluded from an architect's professional liability insurance. Subparagraph 2.6.1.2 of the AIA Owner-Architect Agreement and Subparagraph 4.2.2 of the AIA General Conditions both state that the architect does not supervise construction, since this is the contractor's responsibility.

(9)13. The owner must obtain the approval of which of the following parties if he or she wishes to occupy the work prior to substantial completion? I. The contractor II. The architect III. The insurance company IV. The surety A. I only C. I, II, and III B.I and III D. III and IV

(9)13. B See Paragraph 9.9 of the AIA General Conditions for the requirements for partial occupancy by the owner prior to substantial completion.

(9)14. The owner normally carries builder's risk (or builder's risk-all risk) insurance because A. it is required in the Owner-Contractor Agreement. B. it is required in the Owner-Architect Agreement. C. no builder can be trusted entirely to perform all of the required work. D. title to construction work passes to the owner in increments as payments are made for each portion of the work.

(9)14. D See Paragraph 11.3 of the AIA General Conditions and page 154 for the requirements for property insurance, which is commonly referred to as builder's risk insurance.

(9)15. On a construction project, there is a disagreement as to whether a specified paint has been properly mixed to match the color sample submitted by the contractor. Who is responsible for interpreting the specifications and making a determination regarding the correct color? A. The architect B. The contractor C. The owner D. An arbitrator

(9)15. A Subparagraphs 2.6.2.4 of the AIA Owner-Architect Agreement and 4.2.13 of the AIA General Conditions both state that the architect's decisions regarding aesthetic effect are final if consistent with the intent expressed in the contract documents.

(9)2. The architect's legal status in representing the owner's interests during construction is defined in A. the Owner-Architect Agreement. B. the Owner-Contractor Agreement. C. the General Conditions. D.A and C

(9)2. D Article 2.6 of the AIA Owner-Architect Agreement describes the architect's services during the construction phase. The AIA General Conditions is part of the contract documents between owner and contractor, but also establishes the architect's rights and responsibilities for the contractor's information. See Paragraph 4.2 of the AIA General Conditions. The Owner-Contractor Agreement does not relate to the architect's status.

(9)3. Professional liability coverage insures the architect against A. claims arising out of any express warranties or guarantees to which the architect agreed. B. claims arising because of cost estimates being exceeded. C. professional negligence. D. intentionally wrongful acts.

(9)3. C See pages 143 and 144 for a discussion of professional liability coverage.

(9)4. Which of the following statements concerning mechanic's lien laws is INCORRECT? A. General contractors have lien rights. B. Subcontractors have lien rights. C. Material suppliers have lien rights. D. Mechanic's lien laws are uniform from state to state.

(9)4. D See pages 144 to 146 for a discussion of hens. Lien laws vary considerably from state to state, but general contractors, subcontractors, and material suppliers always have lien rights.

(9)5. Which of the following actions may an owner take if a construction contract calls for a retainage? Check all that apply. A. Use the money to pay for labor or materials if the contractor fails to make these payments B. Use the money to pay for the correction of work performed improperly C. Hold back money from the contractor at the owner's discretion D. Reduce or release the retainage entirely without the written permission of the surety company that issued the performance bond for the contractor

(9)5. A and B Retainage on progress payments to the contractor is intended for the owner's protection against the contractor's failure to pay subcontractors or to correct deficient work. See Lesson 11 for a discussion of retainage.

(9)6. AIA Document A201, the General Conditions, requires that, in order to receive final payment from the owner, the contractor must A. submit to the architect an affidavit that all payrolls, bills, etc., connected with the work have been paid. B. obtain consent of surety to final payment. C. if required by the owner, submit other data establishing payment by furnishing receipts, releases, and waivers of lien arising out of the contract. D. do all of the above.

(9)6. D See Subparagraph 9.10.2 of the AIA General Conditions for submittals required from the contractor prior to final payment.

(9)7. A formal decision-making process where the decision is final and binding is called _____

(9)7. Arbitration See Paragraph 15.4 of the AIA General Conditions for a discussion of arbitration.

(9)8. A bond involves which of the following parties? I. The surety—the party that issues the bond II. The principal—the contractor III. The obligee—the owner IV. The obligator—the architect A. I, n, I D, and IV C. I, H, and IU B. I, HI, and IV D. H and IV

(9)8. C See pages 148-149 for a general discussion of bonds. The architect is not a party to construction bonds. The owner and contractor both need protection from risk, and the surety provides that protection for a fee.

(9)9. When a bid bond is furnished by the low bidder, who subsequently fails to enter into a contract with the owner at the price and on the terms stated in the bid, A. the surety is liable for the additional cost incurred by the owner to enter into another contract. B. the owner must sue the low bidder for the additional costs. C. the second lowest bidder pays the surety the difference in cost between his or her bid and the lowest bid. D. the owner and the contractor must enter into arbitration to determine the extent of the penalty under the bond.

(9)9. A See page 149 for a discussion of bid bonds. Bid bonds are intended to protect the owner from a bidder who fails to sign a contract for the bid price. The owner can collect damages from the surety with greater certainty and expediency than by the other options listed.