ARH 110 Test 1

Centauromachy

Battle between the Greeks and centaurs

Sample Question 4) Out of what material is this work made? a. Limestone b. Ivory c. Wood d. Faience

Faience

Sample Question 5) Where is this work located? a. Willendorf, Austria b. Çatal Höyük, Turkey c. Skara Brae, Scotland d. Lascaux, France

Lascaux, France

Line

Linear and Painterly

Bilingual

Lysippides painter (black figure) and Andokides painter (red figure)

Naturalism

Movement and realistic proportions

Abstract and Figurative

No set form in abstract-color, line, pattern, and not realistic

Doric

One of the two systems (or orders) invented in ancient Greece for articulating the three units of the elevation of a classical building— the platform, the colonnade, and the superstructure (entablature).

Ionic

One of the two systems (or orders) invented in ancient Greece for articulating the three units of the elevation of a classical building: the platform, the colonnade, and the superstructure (entablature).

Sample Question 2) When was this work created? a. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Period: c. 3500-2575 BCE b. Old Kingdom (c. 2575-2134 BCE) c. Middle Kingdom (c. 2040-1640 BCE) d. New Kingdom (c. 1550-1070 BCE)

Predynastic and Early Dynastic Period: c. 3500-2575

Material

Showing the difference of material, texture, give historical and social analysis

Scale

Size of art in relation to viewer and actual artwork itself, importance of a figure

Sample Question 1) What is the title of this work? a. The Rosetta Stone b. The Palette of Narmer c. The Stele of Hammurabi d. Victory Stele of Naram-Sin

The Stele of Hammurabi

Composition

The arrangement or organization of the various elements of a work of art

Howard Carter

The discovery of Tomb Tutankhamen, 1922

Entablature

The part of a building above the columns and below the roof. The entablature has three parts: architrave, frieze, and pediment

Metope

The square panel between the triglyphs in Doric frieze, often sculpted in relief

Stylobate

The uppermost course of the platform of a classical Greek temple, which supports the columns.

Sample Question 8) All are elements characteristic of this period EXCEPT: a. Stylized hair b. Frontal position c. Use of contrapposto d. Suggestions of musculature

Use of contrapposto

Fluting

Vertical channeling, roughly semicircular in cross- section and used principally on columns and pilasters.

Color

Visual, Historical and Social Significance

Old Kingdom (c. 2575-2134 BCE)

Why build a pyramid? -Built for kings -Made for the afterlife, comfortable for the King in the afterlife

Sample Question 7) To what period would you date this sculpture? a. c. 700-c. 480BCE b. c. 490-450 BCE c. c. 450-c. 323 BCE d. c. 323 BCE- 30 BCE

c.700-480 BCE

Kouros Kore

male female

Peristyle

In classical architecture, a colonnade all around the cella and its porch(es).

Pediment

In classical architecture, the triangular space (gable) at the end of a building, formed by the ends of the sloping roof above the colonnade; also, an ornamental feature having this shape.

Ancient Egypt

-Spanned more than 3000 years (c. 3500-30 CE) -Hugely dependent on the Nile River -Ruled by kings known as pharaohs -Polytheistic -Utilized system of writing known as hieroglyphics

Babylonians

-The Neo-Sumerian dynasty fell, system of independent city states reemerged -One was Babylon, ruled by Hammurabi (ruled ca. 1792-1750) -Hammurabi established sophisticated legal code

Important Inventions

-Wheel Plow -Control of flood waters, construction of irrigation canals -City states -Writing

Mycenaean Art

-c. 1600-1200 BCE -Bronze Age -Occupied Crete, as well as Mycenae and parts of the mainland -Built massive citadels

Minoan Art

-c. 1700-1200 BCE -Crete -Palace at Knossos -Fresco painting -Small scale sculpture -Theseus, King Minos, and the Minotaur (lived in Knossos)

Cycladic Art

-c. 3000-2000 BCE -Aegean Islands -Little known -Primary art: small marble statue

Classical

-c. 450-323 BCE -More pronounced contrapposto

Early Classical

-c. 490-450 BCE -Development of contrapposto (natural stand of the body) -Establishment of canon proportions

Archaic Period

-c. 600-480 BCE - First life size stone statues in Greece -Earliest statues emulated Egyptian art -Use of "archaic smile" to appear more life like

Geometric Period

-c. 900-600 BCE -Dealt with shape

Neolithic Art

-c. 9000 BCE, climate warmed -Humans domesticated animals and cultivated agriculture (thus becoming less mobile) -First evidenced in Anatolia and Mesopotamia

New Kingdom

(c. 1550-1070 BCE)

Middle Kingdom

(c. 2040-1640 BCE)

Paleolithic Art

-"paleo" (old) and "lithic" (stone) -Began around 40,000 BCE

Akkadians

-2332 BCE: Sumerian cities came under a single ruler, Sargon of Akkad (true king) -New type of royal power, complete loyalty to the king rather than the city-state

What did he take?

-247 feet of frieze -15 of 92 metopes -17 pediment figures - Objects from other structures on the Acropolis -The British Museum has other works in its collection from the Parthenon that were not acquired from Lord Elgin - Sculptures from the Parthenon are also found in other museums throughout Europe

Parthenon History

-447-438 BCE: Construction of the Parthenon\ -500 BCE: Conversion into a Christian church -1460s: Conversion into a mosque -1687: Used as gunpowder store while Athens under siege from Venetians. Roof blown off in explosion, remaining sculptures damaged

Mastaba Tombs

-Arabic, "bench." An ancient Egyptian rectangular brick or stone structure with sloping sides erected over a subterranean tomb chamber connected with the outside by a shaft. -Used by c. 2900 BCE

Predynastic Egypt (c. 3500-2575 BCE)

-Geographical division into Lower and Upper Egypt (silt) -c. 3150 BCE, commemoration of unification Upper and Lower Egypt

The Prehistoric Aegean

-Homer and the Trojan War -Homer wrote The Iliad c. 750 -Actual events of the war would have occurred in the 12th or 11th BCE -Long believed to have been completely fictional -19th century archaeologist, Heinrich Schliemann identified location of Troy, began work that led to much of what we know about Prehistoric Aegean

Neo-Babylon

-King Nebuchadnezzar -Built wall around city of Babylon

Ancient Mesopotamia and Persia

-Modern day Iraq, Iran, and Syria -Region referred to as "circle of civilization" -Mesopotamia = Between the Tigris and Euphrates

Lord Elgin

-Scottish nobleman and diplomat -1799-1803: ambassador to the Ottoman Empire -1800: sends artists to record the Parthenon -1801: Elgin receives a "firman"- a decree from the Empire enabling him to "take away any pieces of stone with old inscriptions or figures thereon" (document lost) -1801-1812: Half of surviving sculpture removed and sent to England -1816: British Parliament purchases sculptures from Elgin. They displayed in the British Museum

Sumerians

-Southern Iraq -12 city states -Rulers were earthly representatives of Divinities

Corinthian

A more ornate form than Doric or Ionic; it consists of a double row of acanthus leaves from which tendrils and flowers grow, wrapped around a bell-shaped echinus.

Formal Analysis

A visual examination and analysis of a work of art that studies how the integral parts of a work of art are united to produce its Historical and/or Individual style.

Sample Question 3) What vocabulary term is not relevant to the work depicted? a. Corbel b. Pylon c. Clerestory d. hypostyle

Corbel

Sample Question 6) What was the function of this work? a. Storage for liquid b. Grave marker c. Prize for athletic competition d. Votive offering in temple

Storage for liquid

Ancient Greece

Stylistic Periods -Geometric c. 900-600 BCE -Archaic c. 600-480 BCE -Early Classical c. 480-450 BCE -Classical c. 450-323 BCE -Hellenistic c. 323-30 BCE

Entasis

Swelling of the middle columns

Hieroglyphics

System of writing in which pictures represented sounds and words