ARH Exam #3
Aristocratic value
All of the following are common themes in French Rococo painting EXCEPT:
The Enlightenment
A new age lead by reason, science and respect for humanity was called:
16th Century Northern Europe [Renaissance]
A time where intellectual/artistic ideas were exchanged the economy (art market) flourishes in the north and the south Protestant Christians split from the Catholic [The Reformation] Humanism spreads through Northern Europe attempts to reconcile Humanism with Christianity
The Salon
A yearly exhibition and competition for the arts sponsored by the King of France was:
Lush, even overgrown natural settings A light and airy palette Open painterly brushwork
Based on the examples discussed, what features found in the landscapes included in Fragonard's paintings?
The exotic, romanticized tales of long ago
Characteristics of the art of the Romanticism culture include:
Pen: noble and intellectual (Marat) Knife: Violent and Dishonorable (The Aristocracy)
Comparison of Weapons in The Death of Marat, Jacques-Louis David
David, The Death of Marat, Neoclassicism (1793), oil on canvas
Jean Paul Marat- prominent figure during the Revolution who was an antimonarchy political writer depicts Marat's legacy after his time of death
False
David's Oath of the Horatii set the standard for the Neoclassical style in its mannerist formal qualities and whimsical content.
Madame du Pompadour, Francois Boucher, (1750) Oil on Canvas
Detail: Lace and pink ribbons, The bracelet with the portrait of her lover, Sense of proximity, Remote face: softness
rationalism: the power of human reason (logic) reason: progress in knowledge, technology, morality education and empiricism (scientific observations) man is on Earth to pursue their own lives and happiness; not to serve God or the ruling class Revolution (French, American)
Enlightenment philosophers believed:
Rococo; feathery brushstrokes & pastels
Identify culture and major characteristics of Fragonard, The Swing, Baroque:
Sculpture and color
In Fragonard's Progress of Love Series, what symbolized the type of love in each painting?
Bernini, David, Baroque (1623), Marble.
No contrapposto; big shift from the classical period theme of "balance" Flexible; used imbalance to create a sense of motion Baroque Diagonal- energetic depiction of movement, moves the eye to imagine the action Life-like flesh; push and pull working together to show this depiction More expression in the face than Michelangelo's David sculpture (calm, thinking)
The gendered division of the figure groupings reflects the Enlightenment position that women were too emotional and devoted to personal concerns of self and family.
Oath of the Horatii reflects the Enlightenment idea that what group were too emotional and devoted to self and family?
Rococo
Pastel colors, sensuality, and a painterly style are all qualities of which artistic period:
Clarity and order balance and rationality stylistic qualities related to politics visual language from democracy of Ancient Greece & Republican Rome
Qualities of Neoclassicism include:
Began in 1789, people of France wanted to be equal with aristocracy in the eyes of the law protesters wanted representative government, freedom of speech, lessen power of the monarchy & aristocracy
The French Revolution
Was a a visual contrast from nature outside to highly decorated interior
The Hall of Mirrors, Amalienburg Pavilion Nymphenburg Palace, 1739
Aristocracy
The Rococo style was a favorite of the:
That he was making haste to write a message to a woman recently widowed with some money to help her suffering
The note in Marat's hand signifies?
heroicism of self-sacrifice for the sake of a greater moral cause instead of concern over one's own personal interests.
The story of the Oath of the Horatii emphasizes the:
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Swing, Rococo (1766), Oil on Canvas.
Two lovers have conspired to get an older fellow to push the young lady in the swing while her lover hides in the bushes Her lover can get a tantalizing view up her skirt (ew) He puts finger up to his mouth to signify a need to be quiet Surrounded by lush overgrown garden Two cupid figures are cuddled together in background Pastel pinks and greens Sense of movement and prominent diagonal line
To serve as royal propaganda To be exhibited in the Salon For a specific architectural interior Louis XV's mistress and consort, Madame du Barry commissioned Fragonard to paint these works as decoration for pavilion where she and the king would meet. To be a gift for the king's mistress
Typical of many Rococo paintings, Fragonard's The Progress of Love was intended:
Dries slowly, applies smoothly, easily manipulated until dry, many are transparent, the result: richness, depth & jewel-like quality, detail and realism
What are some characteristics of oil paint?
Subject Matter
What are some of the main differences between these two paintings?
romantic tales of long ago, and far away (nostalgia) tasteful portrayals of the exotic (Grand Odalisque)
What are some qualities of romanticism?
Subject matter Oath of the Horatii: Personal Sacrifice and Patriotism The Swing: Lustful lovers, element of secrecy Clarity vs. Ambiguity
What are the main differences between the Oath of the Horatii and The Swing?
saturated color- shows drama of subject stark contrast less gradation crisp brushwork, no discernible strokes from brush clarity- easy to read
What are the visual qualities of David, Oath of the Horatii?
The silvery gray color of her dress The blue flowers in hair The cameo on her bracelet The expensive compact in her hand
What detail in Boucher's Madame de Pompadour suggests her intimate relationship with King Louis XV?
Personal Sacrifice and Patriotism
What is the theme of David, Oath of the Horatii painting?
19th Century Realism
What style is this painting?
angry dog depicts sense of infidelity
What was the meaning behind the dog in Fragonard's The Swing?
cupids giving a whispering hush depicting the element of secrecy quotes "Menacing Love" by Falconet cherubs near man pushing the swing to the right holding back the dolphin is in reference to the Greek God Delphinus who was very lustful
What was the meaning behind the sculptures in Fragonard's The Swing?
female slave or concubine in Muslim harem
What was the subject of Grand Odalisque?
The Stonebreakers portrays real life situations. It's subject matter is two men doing manual labor, they're also very humble looking. The main visual qualities of this painting are the body language that shows the strain of the job they're doing and its repetitive nature. The subjects are generalized by not showing the faces of these men. The composition has a very unappealing, dull color to it and isn't made to look ideal. The meaning is to show the true lives of everyday hardworking people who lived repetitive lives.
What words can describe The Stonebreakers' visual qualities, subject matter, and meaning?
The Impression: Sunrise painting had very gestural visual qualities like: dashes, lines, and thick brushstrokes. Captured the energetic rising sun over the horizon and the choppiness of the water with the dashed lines. It provides a sense of imagery without having anything really in detail or with texture.
What words describe the visual qualities, subject matter, and/or meaning of Impression Sunrise?
Impressionists
Which group of artists were interested in how light changes over and moves across the surface of objects:
Enlightenment
Which of the following "revolutions" lead to a general speeding up of life in the 19th century:
David rejected patriotism and embraced the idea of monarchy by using rigid and upright forms for the male figures.
Which of the following is NOT true of David's Oath of the Horatii?
David rejected the poetic excess of the Rococo style in favor of a paired down image and heavily structured composition David's rendering of anatomy and use of lighting suggest the influence of Greco-Roman and Renaissance sculpture that he studied in Rome Drawn from Roman history, the story highlights the heroicism of the men who have sworn to defend Rome to the death Although painted in Rome prior to the French Revolution, the work embodies the ideals of moral virtue and patriotism of those who opposed the monarchy
Which of the following is true of David's Oath of the Horatii?
Neoclassicism and Romanticism
Which two styles were preferred by the French Royal Academy of art?
Monet
Which was an artist of the Neoclassical period:
Madame du Pompadour
Who commissioned the Progress of Love Series?
The Progress of Love: The Meeting, Jean-Honore Fragonard (1771-73) Oil of Canvas
Young man is offering a rose to a surprised young girl Dense representation of nature The way they are leaning towards each other creates a pyramid that leads the eye up to the figure of Cupid- Venus' son and Venus- goddess of love Venus caught Cupid being "naughty" with his arrows he let loose on the couple below and is now being punished Made for Madame du Barry, mistress of King Louis XV His paintings are about indulgence and pleasure; not about moral goods
Tenebrism
a style of painting used by Caravaggio and his followers in which most objects are in shadow, while a few are brightly illuminated
vanitas
a theme in still life painting that stresses the brevity of life and the folly of human vanity temporary benefits of all earthly possessions
Caravaggio, Entombment, Baroque (1603), Oil on Canvas.
background is shrouded in intense darkness Blinding highlight of Jesus' body Mary's are behind him in anguish Hyper realistic Undignified; ordinary Divine figures shown as plausibly real people
still life's
celebrated an accumulation of wealth by depicting expensive objects in loving detail
Genre Painting
depictions of everyday life scenes; due to the Protestant ban on religious images
romanticism
describes something in an idealized or unrealistic fashion; glorify rejection of Enlightenment thinking that lead to French Revolution
rococo
fanciful curved asymmetrical forms and elaborate ornamentation Frivolous aesthetic built upon the flamboyance of the Baroque period
Gianlorenzo Bernini, Baroque
manipulates space and material for masterful dramatic effects
oil paint
paint made from pigments (for color) suspended in oil (binder)
Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830, oil on canvas
referencing Ancient Greece's democratic government and romanticized nostalgia (Nike of Samothrace, Ancient Greece
Landscapes
reflects a sense of pride in the nation's industry and productivity, prosperity= sign of God's favor attention to meteorology helped create art reflective of the real world and not other other worldy skies
chiaroscuro
the subtle gradation of light and shadow used to create the effect of 3-D
central perspective
theory stating shapes lose contours the further away they are
David, Oath of the Horatii, Neoclassicism (1784), oil on canvas
two warring cities-- Rome vs. Alba (extended family) sons are pledging an Oath of Allegiance to fight against Alba Patriotism & Self Sacrifice
