ART 101 Test 2
What are the characteristics of the Late Classical Period?
- Idealization - Experimentation - Exaggerated bodies
What are the 3 Greek orders?
1. Doric 2. Ionic 3. Corinthian
Aphrodite of Melos - Date
150 BCE
Late Classical period
400-323 BCE - Late Classical period started with end of Peloponnesian War and ended with death of Alexander the Great.
Nike adjusting her sandal - Date
410 BCE
East Pediment - Date
447 BCE
Parthenon - Date
447 BCE
Warrior A - Date
460 BCE
Kritios Boy - Date
480 BCE
Anavysos Kouros - Date
530 BCE
Peplos Kore - Date
530 BCE
When was the Orientalizing period?
700-600 BCE
Funerary Vessel - Date
750 BCE
Parthenon - Location
Acropolis, Athens
Aphrodite of Melos - Artist
Alexandros
Anavysos Kouros - Period
Archaic
TC: Peplos Kore - Period
Archaic
Who do the Kouros and Kore figures represent?
Athletes
Warrior A - Medium
Bronze with bone and glass eyes, silver teeth and copper lips and nipples
What sculptural material did the Classical Greek artists prefer?
Bronze. Sculptures were initially made out of wax, taken to a master caster to cast into bronze.
Corinthian column
Capital is most important part of this, elaborate, carvings look like leaves and flowers
Funerary Vessel - Medium
Ceramic
Funerary Vessel - Significance
Depicts cremation and a military precession. People were cremated (which wasn't super common in the world at that time), and ashes were placed in vessel which was later buried.
Warrior A - Significance
Discovered of the coast of Italy sunken in the ocean. Was in ocean for 1000 years.
Kritios Boy - Period
Early Classical
Warrior A - Period
Early Classical
Spear Bearer - Period
Early/High Classical
Who wrote "The Canon" and what it is it?
First western book of proportions written by Polykleitos. Ideal mathematical ratios. Greeks used the human head for measurement.
Spear Bearer - Significance
Followed Polykleitos's The Canon (of proportions). First "perfect" human sculpture.
What are the characteristics of the Hellenistic Period?
Fork in the road with 2 offshoots: 1. Classical Hellenistic: Almost continuation of Late Classical 2. Other: Drama
Façade
Front face of a building, it is the short side of a temple
Funerary Vessel - Period
Geometric
Anavysos Kouros - Culture
Greek
Aphrodite of Melos - Culture
Greek
East Pediment - Culture
Greek
Funerary Vessel - Culture
Greek
Hermes and the Infant Dionysos - Culture
Greek
Kritios Boy - Culture
Greek
Nike adjusting her sandal - Culture
Greek
Parthenon - Culture
Greek
Peplos Kore - Culture
Greek
Spear Bearer - Culture
Greek
Warrior A - Culture
Greek
Peplos Kore - Significance
Has a bit of paint left. Shows rapid progression of how much more life like and natural sculptures look than in early period.
Anavysos Kouros - Significance
Has accented muscles. Shows rapid progression of how much more life like and natural sculptures look than in early period.
Kritios Boy - Significance
Has more adolescent look. Placed in sanctuary. Much more natural pose.
Aphrodite of Melos - Period
Hellenistic
Hermes and the Infant Dionysos - Date
Hellenistic or Roman copy after a Late Classic 4th century BCE original
East Pediment - Period
High Classical
Nike adjusting her sandal - Period
High Classical
Parthenon - Period
High Classical
Funerary Vessel - Artist
Hirschfeld Workshop
Hermes and the Infant Dionysos - Significance
Ignores canon of proportions and Contrapposto. Longer, lankier, more idealized body.
Parthenon - Architects
Kallikrates and Iktinos
Parthenon - Significance
Largest building Greeks ever built. Cost 30 million drachma, or $5 billion. Has Doric columns. Very mathematically precise. There are no straight lines.
Hermes and the Infant Dionysos - Period
Late Classical
Archaic smile
Lips closed with corners turned up slightly, used during Archaic period
According to the Greeks, what is the "measure of all things"?
Man
Aphrodite of Melos - Medium
Marble
East Pediment - Medium
Marble
Kritios Boy - Medium
Marble
Nike adjusting her sandal - Medium
Marble
Parthenon - Medium
Marble
Peplos Kore - Medium
Marble
TC: Spear Bearer - Medium
Marble (originally bronze)
Anavysos Kouros - Medium
Marble with remnants of paint
Hermes and the Infant Dionysos - Medium
Marble with remnants of red paint on the lips and hair
Ionic column
Most feminine possible column, has scrolling volutes
How does the Geometric get its name?
Most of the patterns you see are geometric shapes. Also, the objects of art themselves are very rudimentary.
Doric column
No decorative base, starts at medium width at bottom and bulges in middle and tapers at top, has a capital with a circle and a square, abstract representation of human body, most masculine possible column
Contrapposto
Part 1: Believable weight shift in art. Part 2: If your hips are reacting to weight shift, your shoulders much react. The spine forms a C curve.
East Pediment - Location
Parthenon
What were Greeks known for creating sculptures of?
People carrying animals
What are the characteristics of the High Classical Period?
Perfection
East Pediment - Artist
Phidias and workshop
Spear Bearer - Artist
Polykleitos
Hermes and the Infant Dionysos - Artist
Praxiteles
Nike adjusting her sandal - Significance
Rare show of vulnerability for a god. Actuates her breast and is most seductive of ancient art due to dress almost comes off breast.
Spear Bearer - Date
Roman copy after the original bronze of 450 BCE
peristyle
Row of columns around a building or court
East Pediment - Significance
Showed the scene after Athena's birth (she emerged from Zeus's head fully armored). The people are spreading the news of her birth. The horses on the left side are bringing the sunrise. The horses on the right are taking the moon into the underworld.
Nike adjusting her sandal - Location
Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis
Aphrodite of Melos - Significance
The sculpture fell out of style at some point and was used as rubble support for a building. She has a dreamy gaze, which can symbolize the drama going on in her head. A calmer, more classical sculpture. Her cloth is about to fall off.
Cornice
Transitional molding that is the top of the entablature and the base of the roof
Pediment
Triangular shape created by roof and cornice, often with sculpture in the round
Kouros
Young man (describes a naked life sized statue, often of an athlete)
Kore
Young woman (describes a clothed life sized statue, often of an athlete)
Entablature
a horizontal, continuous lintel supported by columns or a wall, has relief sculpture, includes the cornice
