Art 1011 - Andresen - Quiz 2

trompe l'oeil

A French term meaning "to fool the eye." The objects are in sharp focus and delineated with meticulous objects are in sharp focus and delineated with meticulous care to create an artwork that almost fools the viewer into believing that the images are the actual objects.

Subtractive System

A color mixing system in which pigments (physical substances) are combined to create visual sensations of color. Wavelengths of light absorbed by the substance are subtracted, and the reflected wavelengths constitute the perceived color.

Radial Balance

A composition in which all visual elements are balanced around and radiate from a central point.

Repeated Figure

A compositional device in which a recognizable figure appears within the same composition in different positions and situations so as to relate a narrative to the viewer

Balance

A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. There are three types of visual balance: symmetry, asymmetry, and radial.

Fractal

A geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is a reduced-size copy of the whole.

Pointillism

A method for applying paint in small dabs of pure color, which create optical mixtures in the eye when seen from several feet away.

One-point perspective

A method of realistic drawing in which the part of an object closest to the viewer is a planar face, and all the lines describing sides perpendicular to that face can be extended back to converge at one point, the vanishing point

Two-Point Perspective

A realistic way of drawing objects in three dimensions using a horizon line, a key edge, and two vanishing points.

Vertical Location

A spatial device in which elevation on the page or format indicates a recession into depth. The higher an object, the farther back it is assumed to be.

Equilibrium

A state of balance

Multipoint Perspective

A system of spatial illusion with different vanishing points for different sets of parallel lines

Axonometric Projection

A technique for depicting space, often employed by architects, in which all lines remain parallel rather than receding to a common vanishing point as in linear perspective.

Frottage

A textural transfer technique; the process of making rubbings with graphite or crayon on paper laid over a textured surface

Blurred Outlines

A visual device in which most details and the edges of a form are lost in the rapidity of the implied movement.

Multiple Image

A visual device used to suggest the movement that occurs when a figure is shown in a sequence of slightly overlapping poses in which each successive position suggests movement from the prior position

Afterimage

A visual image that persists after a stimulus is removed.

Equivocal Space

An ambiguous space in which it is hard to distinguish the foreground from the background. Your perception seems to alternate from one to the other.

Parallax

An apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations

Perspective view

An approximate representation, on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye

Additive System

Color from light combines and forms new color visual sensations

Tertiary Colors

Created by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color

Retinal Fatigue

Fading perception due to overexposure and resulting in an afterimage effect

static (formal balance)

Having no motion or change

Nonobjective

Having no recognizable object or subject; also, nonrepresentational.

Positive and Negative Shapes

In pictures, positive shapes are the figures and negative shapes make up the ground

Lines of Force

Lines that show the pathway of movement and add strong visual emphasis to a suggestion of motion

Frescoes

Paintings made on wet plaster walls

Juxtaposition

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts

Visual Color Mixing

Placing small units of color side by side so that the eye perceives the mixture rather than the individual component colors.

Pattern

Repetition of a design motif

Bas Relief

Sculpture whose ornament or figures are somewhat raised above the background

Multiple Perspective

Several different views of the same space are combined in one image

Elevation Drawing

Side view of a building or object, showing height and width.

Texture

The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric.

Picture Plane

The flat surface or plane that the artist organizes the picture in.

Value

The lightness or darkness of a hue

Value Contrast

The relationship between areas of dark and light

Shading

The representation of light and shade on a sketch or map.

Value Emphasis

Use of a light-and-dark contrast to create a focal point within a composition.

Aerial perspective

Uses the loss of clarity and detail, and value and color modifications to suggest the effects of great spatial space.

Canon (of proportion)

When standards of proportion have been offered - may become set as the standard of perfection.

Golden Mean Ratio

Width to length as length is to length plus width (w:l as l:l + w)

Color Wheel

a circle with different colored sectors used to show the relationship between colors.

Hieratic Scaling

a deliberate changing of natural scale to emphasize philosophic or religious importance (Ex. Christ or Virgin Mary)

Plan Drawing

a floor plan is a drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms, spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure.

Golden Rectangle

a rectangle that can be divided into a square and a rectangle that is similar to the original rectangle

Naturalism

a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.

Tessellation

a term for creating a predictable pattern by sliding or translating the design unit along an axis.

Transparency

a visual quality in which a distant image or element can be seen through a nearer one

Shape (form)

a visually perceived area created either by an enclosing line or by color or value changes defining the outer edge.

asymmetrical balance (informal balance)

achieved with dissimilar objects that have equal visual weight or equal eye attraction

Surrealism

an art form based on paradox, on images that cannot be explained in rational terms.

Surrealist

an artist belonging to the Surrealist movement in the 1920s and later, whose art was inspired by dreams and the subconscious

Figure

an object or foreground element

Folk Art

art made by ordinary people (as opposed to trained artists) using traditional methods

Mixed-media

art made with a combination of different materials

Earthworks

artworks created by altering a large area of land using natural and organic materials. Earthworks are usually large-scale projects that take formal advantage of the local topography and are usually best viewed from an aerial perspective.

Linear Perspective

as parallel lines recede, they appear to converge and to meet on an imaginary line called the horizon, or eye level.

Spectrum

band of color, broad range of related ideas or objects

Subjective

based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions

Color Harmonies

combinations of colors that are considered satisfying or that produce certain effects

crystallographic balance (allover pattern)

created by repeating elements of equal weight everywhere

Collage

creating a design by pasting down bits and pieces of colored and textured papers, cloth, or other materials

Biomorphic

describes shapes derived from organic or natural forms

Distortions

exaggerated shapes

Curvilinear

formed, bound, or characterized by curved lines

Mandalas

have clear emphasis on the center and the unity that this form of design suggests.

Tint

high value color created by adding white

abstraction

implies a simplification of natural shapes to their essential, basic character; details are ignored as the shapes are reduced to their simplest forms.

Axis

in pictorial balance, an assumed center vertical line expected to see some kind of equal weight distribution on either side.

Imbalance

lack of balance or symmetry; disproportion

Shade

low value color by adding black

rectilinear

moving in or forming a straight line; having many straight lines

secondary colors

orange, green, purple (mixing the primary colors)

Color Constancy

perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

Foreshortening

portray or show (an object or view) as closer than it is or as having less depth or distance, as an effect of perspective or the angle of vision.

Primary Colors (of light)

red, green, blue

primary colors

red, yellow, blue

Proportion

refers to relative size - size measured against other elements or against some mental norm or standard.

Value Pattern

refers to the arrangement and the amount of variation in light and dark, independent of the colors used

Idealism

reproduces the world not as it is but as cultural worldview says it should be

Monocular

terms that means "one eyed", used to indicate the sort of of environmental cues to depth perception that only require one eye, for example, interposition

Open Form or Closed Form

the concept of enclosure

Silhouette

the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

Anticipated Movement

the implication of movement on a static 2D surface caused by the viewer's past experience with a similar situation

Visual Texture

the impression of texture as purely visual; it cannot be felt or enjoyed by touch; it is only suggested to our eyes.

Hue

the name of the color

Intensity (Chroma)

the relative saturation of hue perceived in a color

Ground

the space or volume between figures or forms

Tactile Texture

the texture you feel

Chiaroscuro

the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting

Cross-Hatching

the use of overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness

Overlapping

way of showing depth that deals with placing one object in front of the other

Kinesthetic Empathy

when a visual experience actually stimulates one of our other senses

verisimilitude

when an appearance is "truly the same"

Impasto

when an artist uses thick pigment to create a rough, three-dimensional paint surface.

symmetry (bilateral symmetry)

when like shapes are repeated in the same positions on either side of a vertical axis

Achromatic

without color