Art 115 Module 5 Study Guide

According to the text, the most accomplished and famous German landscape painter of the sixteenth century was ______. His ______ landscape paintings did not have a narrative subject, human figures , or any overt religious significance.

According to the text, the most accomplished and famous German landscape painter of the sixteenth century was [Albrecht Altdorfer]. His [pure] landscape paintings did not have a narrative subject, human figures , or any overt religious significance.

What was an effect of the Reformation on artists in Northern Europe during the sixteenth century?

All of the answers are correct

Which historical figure did NOT support the Protestant Reformation in northern Europe?

Charles V

The Spanish painter Domenikos Theotokopoulos, known as El Greco, was originally from ___.

Crete

The Northern artist regarded as being as self-confident as Michelangelo was ___.

Durer

___ was a leading figure in the German Renaissance.

Durer

Durer openly expressed his ___ in the Four Apostles (Fig. 22-9).

Durer openly expressed his ___ in the Four Apostles (Fig. 22-9).

Which statement is NOT correct about Dürer and his various artworks?

Dürer's Adam and Eve (depicted in the textbook) showcases his wood-cut technique.

Which statement is NOT correct about El Greco and his work?

El Greco was concerned about achieving ideal body proportions and rendering specific and highly accurate spatial settings within compositions.

In the background of The Harvesters (fig. 22-26), Pieter Bruegel the Elder used linear perspective when he painted the hills and harbor with less distinct details and in a hazy fashion.

False

The closed panels of the Garden of Earthly Delights are painted in color and the interior panels (opened) are painted in grisaille.

False

A chateau (or chateaux) is a ____ country house or residential castle.

French

Which answer is NOT correct about Flemish art in the 16th century?

Frescos where the main type of painting being produced during the 16th century in the Netherlands.

Which answer is NOT correct about Matthias Gruenwald and his Isenheim Altarpiece (fig. 22-5 and 22-6)?

Gruenwald was a court artist to the Pope.

Which statement is NOT correct about Henry VIII of England and the Church?

Henry VIII broke from the Church and Rome due to the pope's request for more money donations and land grants for the monasteries.

View the assigned Heronymus Bosch video. According to the assigned video, which statement is NOT true about the Garden of Earthly Delights?

Hieronymus Bosch signed his painting.

Apply the term "iconoclasm" more broadly than defined in this chapter. Iconoclasm occurs in modern times, with iconoclasm happening for reasons beyond a deference of option on religion. State an instance of iconoclasm that has occurred within the past three hundred years and give the circumstance around the intentional destruction of the artwork or physical symbol. Be creative! Make sure to explain why and what happened and how this event / instance can be interpreted as an act of iconoclasm. Include a webpage link or address for information documenting your chosen occurrence of iconoclasm.

In 2001, the Taliban blew up the Buddhas of Bamiyan after declaring that they were un-Islamic idols upon their third takeover of the city of Bamiyan. This was an example of iconoclasm because the Taliban was intentionally attempting to erase the city's heritage by destroying the statues for religious and political reasons. Source: https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/science/archaeology/2001-03-22-afghan-buddhas.htm

Which statement best summarizes the content of Money Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys?

It is a complex moral tale about religious practice and devotion.

View the assigned Conservation Lab: El Greco's Saint Martin and the Beggar Video According to Ann Hoenigswald (the lady conservator in the video), why is El Greco'sSaint Martin and the Beggarpainting in such good condition?

It was hung in the same church for most of its life and didn't get moved around much.

The main panel of Tilman Riemenschneider's Altarpiece of the Holy blood depicts the

Last Supper

When the French king Francis I (ruled 1515-1547) ascended the throne he sought to "modernize" the French court. Which Italian artist did he hire and relocated to France to advise him on royal architectural projects?

Leonardo da Vinci

Erasmus and ___ were important religious reformers in the early sixteenth century.

Luther

Many locate the beginning of the Reformation in 1517, when Martin Luther issued his "95 Theses" calling for Church reform. Among Luther's concerns were the practice of selling ______, which are guarantees of relief from the punishment required after death for sins. Luther was also concerned about the excessive veneration of saints and their _______. According to the text, two major developments aided reformers and allowed scholars throughout Europe to enter the religious debate. These two developments were increased ______ and the widespread use of ______.

Many locate the beginning of the Reformation in 1517, when Martin Luther issued his "95 Theses" calling for Church reform. Among Luther's concerns were the practice of selling [indulgences], which are guarantees of relief from the punishment required after death for sins. Luther was also concerned about the excessive veneration of saints and their [relics]. According to the text, two major developments aided reformers and allowed scholars throughout Europe to enter the religious debate. These two developments were increased [literacy] and the widespread use of [printing press].

What motivated the building of many lavish country residences in England during the sixteenth century?

Newly created aristocrats wanting to display their wealth and status

Landscape painting became popular among ___ in the sixteenth century because, although it had no overt religious content, it could be seen as a reflection of God's works on earth.

Protestants

Which statement does NOT apply to the birth of the art market and the Netherlands?

The "birth" of the art market only impacted painters and their artwork; it had little impact on printmaking and book production.

The Flemish painter Caterina van Hemessen develop a reputation as a ______.

The Flemish painter Caterina van Hemessen develop a reputation as a [portrait painter].

Which statement is NOT true about Hieronymus Bosch and his Garden of Earthly Delights (fig. 22-20)?

The Garden of Earthly Delights was painted as an altarpiece for a local church.

What region of Europe saw the emergence of an art market in the sixteenth century, when art became a commodity for local and international trade?

The Netherlands

The artist _______ was a major catalyst for Nuremberg being a key center of German goldsmithing. This artist created ______, which was essential for the goldwork process.

The artist [Albrecht Dürer] was a major catalyst for Nuremberg being a key center of German goldsmithing. This artist created [designs for metalwork], which was essential for the goldwork process.

Which statement is NOT true about Hans Holbein the Younger and his painting The French Ambassadors (fig. 22-17)?

The painting depicts two ambassadors appointed by Henry VIII to be sent to the French and the Vatican's courts.

The term ______ can be used to describe a series of artworks ( for example a set of paintings) that are grouped together by a developing theme or allegorical subject.

The term [cycles] can be used to describe a series of artworks ( for example a set of paintings) that are grouped together by a developing theme or allegorical subject.

How did the development of an art market impact artists in Antwerp?

They began to specialize in specific genres

Based on the careers of the artists discussed in the text, which of the following statements is NOT true about German artists in the sixteenth century?

They were highly trained to specialize in a single media, Artists were not impacted by the religious conflicts of the period

Which answer is NOT correct about tilting or George Clifford's armored "tilting" suit (Fig. 22-31)?

This set of Clifford's armor was designed and made specifically for a tilting event held on Queen Elizabeth's birthday.

As evident in the Apple Cup (fig. 22-2), it was not uncommon for several artists to work together / collaborate in order to produce a piece of artwork. The Apple Cup had several artisans collaborating on the project - starting with a designer, a model maker, and then others to create the actual metal cup.

True

In England, music, literature and architecture flourished, but painting was principally left to foreigners.

True

Queen Elizabeth I controlled the way artists represented her in official portraits and was known to have imprisoned artists whose unofficial images did not meet with her approval.

True

The theoretical process of turning common metals into gold is known as the practice of alchemy.

True

View the assigned Conservation Lab: El Greco's Saint Martin and the Beggar Video When preparing for the cleaning of the painting, Ann Hoenigswald (the conservator) tested every color separately because some pigments might have different solubilities.

True

View the assigned Heronymus Bosch video. According to the video Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights inspired artists of the ______ movement in the twentieth century.

View the assigned Heronymus Bosch video. According to the video Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights inspired artists of the [Surrealist] movement in the twentieth century.

Which statement is NOT true about the process and creation of royal portraiture?

When an artist sketched the sitter and then painted a prototype for the portrait, that prototype painting would only be used once for the official portrait and then destroyed.

______ is the term used for the intentional destruction of images, sculptures, artwork, or symbols based on the difference of beliefs, most often due to religious or political differences.

[iconoclasm] is the term used for the intentional destruction of images, sculptures, artwork, or symbols based on the difference of beliefs, most often due to religious or political differences.

What is a a châteaux?

a French term for a elegant rural palace

View the assigned Conservation Lab: El Greco's Saint Martin and the Beggar Video What has caused most of the yellowing of the painting's colors, especially the white pigmented areas?

a film of thick varnish that was put on the painting during the 1940s and has yellowed over time

What similarity may be found in the artistic approaches of the German artist Matthias Grunewald and El Greco, working in Spain?

an interest in visionary expressions of spirituality

What was NOT an effect of the Protestant Reformation on the art of northern Europe?

artists such as Albrecht Durer and Pieter Bruegel traveling to Italy

View the assigned Conservation Lab: El Greco's Saint Martin and the Beggar Video When preparing to clean and complete restoration work on an artwork, conservators will often compare notes, x-rays, pigment test, etc. Conservators want to have a full "image" of the artist's materials and techniques. After talking with other conservators of El Greco artworks and after observing the Saint Martin and the Beggar painting, there is an unique characteristic of El Greco's _______.

canvas, which is a very strong twill canvas with a tablecloth-like weave.

Hieronymus Bosch's painting Garden of Earthly Delights (Figs. 22-20 and 22-21), which was commissioned by an aristocrat for his Brussels townhouse, conforms to a long tradition of ___.

church altarpieces

What evidence supports El Greco's affinity with Italian Mannerism in his Burial of Count Orgaz (fig. 22-19) painting?

elongated proportions of the figures and the ambiguous space

Hardwick Hall incorporates aspects of classicism through its

geometric order and symmetrical arrangement.

Although Martin Luther never supported ___, many Protestant zealots destroyed sculpture, stained glass, and religious paintings they felt was idolatrous.

iconoclasm

Patronized by the queen of England and other court notables, Nicholas Hilliard was known for the production of

miniature portraits

Patronized by the queen of England and other court notables, Nicholas Hilliard was known for the production of

miniatures.

For much of its history, the Chateau of Chenonceau (fig 22-14) has been

owned by women

Most German sixteenth-century sculpture is

polychrome or varnished wood.

Hans Holbein is best known for his ___.

portraits of nobles and diplomats in the Tudor court

The text suggests that Dutch artist Caterina van Hemessen probably specialized in paintings of ___.

portraits of women

With the influence of Protestantism, there was a loss of patronage for religious art. In Protestant lands, many artists turned to secular subjects. Which answer is NOT one of the main subject matters that was popular during this time period?

scientific studies

In what way does Holbein's The French Ambassadors preserve a tradition of northern European painting?

surface description

The kings Francis I and Henry II modernized the medieval castle of __________, thus giving rise to the French classical style.

the Louvre

Albrecht Altdorfer's Danube Landscape (fig 22-12) demonstrates the interest in new subject matter spawned by

the Protestant Reformation

What prominently displayed symbol in Hans Holbein the Younger's The French Ambassadors was intended to remind viewers of their own mortality?

the anamorphic skull

What did Dürer encounter on his trip to Italy in 1494 that is clearly reflected in his Self-Portrait of 1500 (Fig. 22-1)?

the concept of artists as intellectuals and creative independents.

View the assigned Heronymus Bosch video. When the Garden of Earthly Delights triptych is closed, who is painted on the upper left hand side of the grisaille painting?

the figure of God

Bruegel's Return of the Hunters (page 717, Fig. 22-25) is one of a cycle that included six large paintings focused on the theme of ___.

the months

Besides showing the season, how is Pieter Bruegel the Elder's The Harvesters similar to the Très Riches Heures (fig. 19-5)?

they both show peasant activity in an idealized or stereotyped manner

Durer's The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (Fig. 22-7) is a(n) ___.

woodcut