Art Chapter 15 Middle Age (Quiz)
Feudalism
the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
Vassal
A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land or knight
Early Middle Ages (600-1050)
1st invaders of Britain are called Saxons. Came from Saxony: borders of Germany and Denmark; Later invaders were Vikings and Danes from Scandinavia, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Romans referred to them as "barbarians" which meant foreigners
Ringfort
A circular bank of earth surrounded by a trench. Inside the trench were houses built of wood with a thatched roof. (Warrior society)
Sutton Hoo
Anglo-Saxon Ship Burial (Double ship burial) Military gear, silver, and enamelware, etc.
St. Patrick
Brought Christianity to Ireland; Captured at 16, slaved, escaped and reunited with his family in Britain, dreams of bringing Christ to Irish and returned to Ireland baptizing chiefs and kinds converting clans. He is also said to rid Ireland of snakes (WRONG) This spread to Irish monasteries and he accomplished missionary tasks of conversion alone.
Gospel of Mark
Earliest & shortest gospel. Parts were copied by Matthew & Luke. Gold, silver, brilliant colors, designs, miniature paintings; Shows how monks adapted animal style and interlace to Christian setting; Matthew: Winged man, Mark: winged lion, Luke: Winged Ox, John: Eagle
Tara Broach County Meath, 8th Century, Gilt, bronze, glass, and enamel *Heathen" Style
Germanic nomads from the east carried nomads gear designed in the animal style. Combination of abstract and organic shapes, merged with intricate ornamental metal work of the Celts to create Celtic aka Germanic art.
Plan of a Monastery
Housed 100 people;Scriptoria (plural) scriptorium: Room set aside for copying, writing, or illuminating manuscripts and records; Self-sufficient
Irish Monks and Scribes
Ireland was safe; Written material was one of the things that got lost, burned or left behind; St. Patrick's efforts of bringing Christianity to Ireland were repaid; He set up many monasteries; Wrote some of the first illuminated manuscripts. Irish saved civilization, Preserved Roman Catholic; Monks traveled throughout Northern Europe keeping Christianity alive
Symbol of St. Mark's Gospel
Lion; Hiberno-Saxon illuminators generally used only 4 evangelists; The man (St. Mathew), Lion (St. Mark), Eagle (St. John), Ox (St. Luke)
Early Castles
Motte (hill), Crenelation notched stone curtain walls, with turrets, donjon; drawbidge over moat.
Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo Ship Burial
Objects discovered at burial site included a gold and enamel purse cover. Animal-style images were often accompanied by patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons and bands; Interlacing pattern of fighting animals with body parts; Animal Style in this purse seems to be the invention of Celtic-Germanic Art; Cloisonne: Plaques of gold, garnet, a cloisonne enamel, cells; Purse designed to hand at the waste found with 37 gold coins.
Nomads gear
Portable objects, including weaponry, tackle for horses, jewelry and vessels, crafted by nomadic groups such as the tribes of early Iran, and sometimes buried with their dead; (Subject Matter: Abstract linear interlace, animal interlace, geometric decorations and human figures intertwined, heraldic animals (ANIMAL MESSENGERS) and horror vacui (Fear of leaving empty spaces)
