Art Chapter 21
Which artist created the painting, Impression: Sunrise, which was in part, responsible for the coining of the term Impressionism?
Claude Monet
True or false: When the French painter Daumier, printed a lithograph of a family who had been needlessly shot to death by the French military, the king gave him a medal.
False
Giorgio de Chirico believed that for art to enter the realm of dreams, what must the art exclude?
Recognizable material
Which early 20th-century figure highly influenced the Surrealist artists?
Sigmund Freud
Look at this image. Marcel Breuer's armchair is a good example of what the ______ movement encompassed.
Bauhaus
Fauves means what in English?
Wild beasts
Gustave Courbet's massive painting A Burial at Ornans sparked many contrasting opinions when first shown in 1850. How did detractors of the work identify the painting?
"The cult of the ugly"
Expressionism largely developed in what century and country?
20th-century Germany
What was new and different for the art students' course of study at the Bauhaus school of design?
A blending of the divisions between disciplines
The artists in the Dada art movement shared what defining characteristic?
A refusal to make sense
Merit Oppenhiem created a Surrealist work titled Object, an example of incongruence. What are the two things that she melded together to create a sense of unease by their incompatibility?
A teacup and rabbit fur
What type of art did Hitler prize and promote to his citizens when he was Chancellor?
Classical realism, depicting home life and Christian morals
After World War I, what did artists, designers, and architects find themselves trying collectively to see?
A world that was better than it had been before
What were the artistic elements that made a critic declare a group of artists fauves or 'wild beasts' in a 1905 art show in Paris?
Arbitrary color and an emphasis on design
What was a lingering effect of the Fauvist movement?
Artists were free to use color without feeling bound to nature
After the Russian Revolution of 1917, many artists in that country became part of a movement that believed that all types of art should exemplify the new ideals. This movement was called ______.
Constructivism
In the early 20th century, which group of artists founded an art movement that protested the status quo and prized creativity?
Dada
The Netherlands-based movement that believed art created from basic geometric shape and primary colors would promote intellectual calmness, came from a group known as ______.
De Stijl
From where did artists in the Romanticism movement find inspiration?
Dramatic people, places and situations
What subjects inspired the artists in the Surrealist movement?
Dreams Subconscious desires
What inspired the Surrealists to create?
Dreams and the subconscious
Look at this image. What principle ideas of the Bauhaus movement is utilized in this poster by Herbert Bayer?
Font lacking serifs Industrial look Primary colors Geometric forms
Followers of the De Stijl movement believed that by distilling formal elements down to the basic of line and color, art could achieve what?
Harmonious intellectual beauty
Inspired by modern machines and their energy and speed, a group of artists called the ______ formed in Italy.
Futurists
Which artist painted many images of people from Tahiti, whom he believed were spiritually inspiring, as well as beautiful physically?
Gauguin
To what was Gustave Courbet's desire to paint individuals and scenes from ordinary life in the grand artistic tradition usually reserved for gods and royalty linked?
His radical political ideas and events such as the Paris uprising
What did Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres feel was the most worthy and inspiring subject matter for a painting?
History
Look at this image. How does Eugène Delacroix's The Women of Algiers exemplify the Romantic movement?
It features figures in a exotic setting.
Look at this image. How does Berthe Morisot's Summer's Day exemplify the Impressionist style?
It has short, color-laden brush strokes that capture the light.
Piet Mondrian was a prominent member of the De Stijl group, who prized streamlined order and geometry in art. What did he believe about nature?
It is full of irrationality and could lead to things like war.
Why was the Dada artistic movement important to future artists?
It questioned the status quo of everything, including who decides what is art.
Look at this image. Why is Thomas Cole's View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm (The Oxbow) an example of American Romanticism?
It shows majestic representations of nature.
What notorious painting by Edouard Manet was exhibited at the Salon des Refusés?
Luncheon on the Grass (Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe)
What were some of the modern technological devices that shocked the world with their destruction during World War I?
Machine guns Submarines Poison gas
What artist used a technique he called "little sensations before nature," structuring his paintings with a geometric pattern of hundreds of small vivid patches of color?
Paul Cézanne
Which characteristics or themes are found in romantic paintings
Mystery Emotion
What was the style favored by the official art schools and institutions of the 19th century?
Neoclassicism
Look at this image. With its hidden brushstrokes and subject matter, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres's Jupiter and Thetis follows what artistic style?
Neoclassism
What did artists in the Realism movement find most inspiring?
Ordinary people and the events of present-day life
According to the artist ______ ______, if people could be surrounded by the type of regimented rational beauty his paintings represented, the world would become more balanced and humane.
Piet Mondrian
What is a work of art that is created out of "found" components such as a bicycle wheel or a shovel called?
Ready-made
What were the inspirations of Surrealist works?
Sigmund Freud Dreams Sexual drive
What European school of painting was American artist Mary Cassatt invited to join?
The Impressionists
What substance did Umberto Boccioni believe that the artist must infuse into each work of art?
The energy that surrounds us, to give life to the work
What inspired the group of artists called the Futurists?
The idea of describing motion as was newly experienced by way of modern machinery
Where did American artists find their inspiration for Romanticism?
The landscape
Which did NOT inspire the artists of the Romanticism movement?
The quiet, ordinary life of a person
How does Pablo Picasso portray the women of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?
They are flat and angular with hints of primitivism.
How did artists in the Dada movement feel that an artist should create art work?
They felt artists should be free to create however and whatever they wanted.
What artist is credited with adapting the conventions of Realism from its original European context to create a distinctly American Realist style?
Thomas Eakins
Look at this image. To whom are the women of Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon advertising their services?
To a wealthy patrons of Paris
Why was it important that Marcel Breuer's armchair design was economical to produce?
To make good design affordable to everyone
True or false: The phrase "avant-garde" is a French military term for the first group of soldiers that go into battle.
True
Matisse valued ______ and ______ over the accurate depiction of a subject.
color; design
Experimentation with ______ and ______ defined the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century.
color; form
Hitler created an exhibit full of what he termed ______ art that exemplified what the National Socialist Party had banned.
degenerate
Look at this image. The ______ intensity of Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night is a defining element of the painter's work, inspiring generations of artists to come.
emotional
The movement in art that describes any style where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation is called ______.
expressionism
Look at this image. The primary element being conveyed in Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space is ______, which is highly representative of the Futurist style.
motion
which elements did mondrian use most prominently in his art?
primary colors, Geometric shapes
Which characteristics best describe Cubism?
Depictions of objects are broken down to simple geometric shapes. Objects were depicted as if view from several viewpoints simultaneously.
True or False Question True or false: Like the Impressionists, the Post-Impressionist artists had a cohesive style that was easily identifiable.
False
What revelation did the artist Vasili Kandinsky have that changed his painting style?
He realized that subject matter is incidental to a painting's impact.
Members of the Die Brücke (The Bridge) group, like Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, created compositions that included which characteristics?
Intense arbitrary colors Wavering contours
Look at this image. What elements of realism are evident in this painting by Mary Cassatt?
It depicts a humble daily ritual.
What key elements offended detractors of Courbet's A Burial at Ornans?
Its size, lack of sentimentalization, and ordinary subjects
Which artist influenced both Picasso and Georges Braque in the development of the Cubist style?
Paul Cezanne
Marcel Duchamp caused a sensation by drawing a mustache on a postcard of a famous painting called the
mona lisa
Against what were the Dada artists protesting?
Business as usual The middle class
The Impressionist painters were most concerned with what aspect in their works?
Capturing light and recording optical sensations
Look at this image. For what reasons does Pierre-Auguste Renoir's Le Moulin de la Galette serve as a good example of Impressionism?
Its subject matter includes the outdoors. It depicts dappled sunlight that shines and dances through the leaves.