Art History

The American leader _____ embraced Neoclassicism because of its associations with important virtues such as morality, idealism, and patriotism.

Thomas Jefferson

Constable's Haywain avoids the ____, which was a characteristic of the agrarian working class.

civil unrest

Rembrandt deviated from typical group portraits in the Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by portraying members of the guild ____.

clustered to one side

The _____, established by the Carracci family was th first significant institution that was established on the premises that art can be taught.

the Bolognese academy

The orb and the cross surmounting Bernini's Baldacchino symbolize ____.

the Church's triumph

José de Ribera influenced the style of ___ to Spain.

Caravaggio

The Spanish painter Velasquez held the titles of first painter to the king and ______

Chief Steward of the Palace

Which of the following artists was the most prominent member of the Hudson River School of landscape painting?

Cole

During the 17th century Flanders was controled by which country?

France

Sargent's technique of applying paint in thin layers was influenced by ____.

Las Meninas

___ was one of the first Romantic artists to depict the dark terrain of the subconscious.

Henry Fuseli

Which of the following Renaissance churches influenced Maderno's design for Santa Susanna in Rome?

Il Gesù, Rome

In the grouping of the orders and bays, Hardouin-Mansart's Church of the Invalides in Paris is reminiscent of which of the following?

Italian Baroque

The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following?

Jacques-Louis David

The philosopher ____ believed that the human capacity for feeling, sensibility, and emotions came before reason.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

In pilgrimage to Cythera, by Watteau, the elegant and sweet ____ are hallmarks of the artist's style

Poses of Figures

The ____ were the defenders of academism who insisted that line was superior to color.

Poussinistes

Poussin chose to emulate the artist ___ rather than depicting dynamic movement and intense emotions.

Raphael

Poussin chose to emulate the artist ____ rather than depicting dynamic movement and intense emotions.

Raphael

The American artist Thomas Eakins may have modeled the The Gross Clinic on

Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

What art style became the semiofficial voice of the French Revolution?

Rococo

Bernini's statue of David differed from his predecessors by showing David ____.

in the moment of combat

Rembrandt's mature works, such as the Return of the Prodigal Son, differ from the religious art of Italy and Flanders in their

inward-turning contemplation

Jacob van Ruisdael specialized in which of the following genres?

landscapes

What was the main patron of 17th-century Dutch artists?

merchant class

Thomas Eakins believed that ____ and scientific knowledge were prerequisites for his art.

observation

Géricault's Raft of the Medusa immortalized ____.

the aftermath of a French shipwreck

Timothy O'Sullivan's photography aimed to impress on people

the high cost of war

Courbet's use of ____ in the The Stone Breakers further conveyed the dismal nature of manual labor?

a palette of dirty browns and grays

Art historians believe that Vermeer used tools, such as the ____, to aid in his virtuoso depiction of light.

camera obscura

Pope Paul V converted Saint Peter's from a central-plan church into a basilican-plan church because ____.

central-plan buildings evoked pagan temples

José de Ribera's brutal themes, such as the Martyrdom of Saint Philip, appealed to the Spanish taste for ____.

courage and devotion

The French viewing public were greatly horrified by Manet's Olympia because of her ____.

defiant look

Julia Margaret Cameron used a short focal length lens that allowed only a small area of sharp focus. What kind of effect would a lens like this produce?

ethereal, dreamlike images

Antoine Watteau's depiction of the amusements and entertainments of the upper classes is called a ______

fête galante

In the absence of a contrived pose, Vigée-Lebrun's Self-Portrait characterized the new ____ in art.

naturalistic impulse

The Thankful Poor by Tanner reflects the typical Realist subject matter of

ordinary people

Characteristics of the Rococo style in painting include?

pastel colors and soft light

In Bernini's design for the Cornaro chapel the space becomes a theater complete with balcony seats for ______________.

popes and cardinals

In Rossetti's Beata Beatrix, the artist incorporated a ____ to commemorate his wife's death.

poppy

In London at the age of 25, Christopher Wren was appointed to which of the following positions?

professor of astronomy

The simulation of easel painting for ceiling design is termed ____.

quadro riportato

After King Philip IV appointed Velázquez court painter, he largely abandoned both religious and genre subjects in favor of canvases recording historical events and ____

royal portraits

Francesco Borromini's approach to architecture emphasized the ___ qualities of a building.

sculptural

In Jan Steen's The Feast of Saint Nicolas, he alluded to ____ by using children's activities to comment on adult behavior.

selfishness

Rococo architecture is characterized by?

sinuous curves, irregular painted shapes, and mirrors

Although possessing the Realist passion for accuracy, Rosa Bonheur did not depict ____.

social and political themes

In light of the 1848 revolution, Salon jurors considered Courbet's depiction of the rural poor in The Stone Breakers as

socialistic

In 1755 Johann Joachim Winkelmann initiated a new art historical method in his History of Ancient Art by focusing on?

subject, style, and period

Napoleon converted La Madeleine in Paris from a church into a

temple of glory for his armies

Caravaggio's use of dark settings that envelop their occupants is referred to by Art historians as________.

tenebrism

Georges de la Tour's dramatic use of light in Adoration of the Shepherds suggests his familiarity with the Italian artist

Caravaggio

An important early patron of Caravaggio, ___ gave the artist a steady income in exchange for a selection of paintings.

Cardinal Del Monte

The ____ is a free variation on Palladio's Villa Rotonda.

Chiswick House

Winslow Homer's Veteran in a New Field is a commentary on the aftermath of the

Civil War

Poussin was responsible for establishing ___ as a key component of 17th-century French art.

Classical painting

The Roman Catholic response to the Reformation was formulated at which of the following?

Council of Trent

The leading figure of the Realist movement was

Courbet

Jacques Louis David painted the ____ to provide inspiration and encouragement to revolutionary forces.

Death of Marat

Besides the Duch Republic, which other European country was involved in overseas trade during the 17th-century?

England

A major force of political, social, and economic change in the 18th century was the

Enlightenment

Who among the following artists liked to paint images of the Romantic transcendental landscape?

Friedrich

Although François Rude's sculptures La Marseillaise for the Arc de Triomphe are neoclassical in style, the dramatic motion made it typical of ____

Romanticism

Described as awe mixed with terror, the notion of the sublime influenced ____.

Romanticism

At the turn of the century, the French Academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. Which doctrine taught that color was the most important element?

Rubenistes

In the church of ____, Christopher Wren harmonized Palladian, French, and Italian Baroque features.

Saint Paul's, London

Why did Judith Leyster appear as elegantly attired, rather than in an artist's smock as Rembrandt did, in her own Self-Portrait?

She wanted to indicate her social prominence.

In the Triumph of the Barberini by Pietro da Cortona, the papal tiara and keys announce the accomplishments of ____

Urban VIII

Diego Velázquez's painting _______________ generally speaking is his attempt to elevate both himself and his profession.

Water Carrier of Seville

Muybridge used a ____ to project his sequence of images onto a screen.

Zoopraxiscope

Napoleon's favorite sculptor was _____.

Canova

Inigo Jones adopted the design principles of the Venetian architect __ to his architecture.

Andrea Palladio

____ was the most renowned female painter of the 17th century.

Artemisia Gentileschi

The creation of which of the following allowed merchant firms to hold money on account instead of carrying precious metals as a form of payment for trade goods?

Bank of Amsterdam

The influence of ___ is evident in Rubens' heroic figures and foreshortened anatomy in his Elevation of the Cross.

Michelangelo

Caravaggio's Calling of Saint Matthew is representative of his mature work in which he injects ____ into the depictions of sacred subjects.

Naturalism

Exposure to the art treasures of Italy on the Grand Tour played a major role in the rise of

Neoclassicism

Thomas Jefferson's redesign of Monticello was influenced by ____ and the Chiswick House?

Palladio's Villa Rotonda

Who was the greatest 17th-century artist of Flanders?

Peter Paul Rubens

The group of philosophers known as the ____ believed that the ills of humanity could be remedied by applying reason and common sense to problems.

Philosophes

Who studied with Eakins before moving to Paris?

Tanner

____ is a Dutch artist who featured as the subject of his art neat interiors of Dutch middle-class dwellings.

Vermeer

A leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was which of the following?

Voltaire

To create the illusion of Heaven opening up in the Glorification of Saint Ignatius, Fra Andrea Pozzo

painted the church's actual architecture into the vault so the roof seems to be lifting off.

The ____ of Francesco Borromini's architecture, visible in the facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, opposed ancient ideas about architecture.

undulating motion and enhanced three-dimensional effect