Art History II
Cartoon
A preparatory drawing for a mural that contains a number of small holes, allowing the drawing to be transferred to the wall using powdered charcoal tapped through the holes.
cartoon
A preparatory drawing for a mural that contains a number of small holes, allowing the drawing to be transferred to the wall using powdered charcoal tapped through the holes.
Woodcut
A printmaking process where an image is carved onto the surface of a piece of wood removing parts of the wood. The carved raised part of the wood is covered with ink and pressed onto a surface transferring the image onto surfaces such as a piece of paper or fabric.
woodcut
A printmaking process where an image is carved onto the surface of a piece of wood removing parts of the wood. The carved raised part of the wood is covered with ink and pressed onto a surface transferring the image onto surfaces such as a piece of paper or fabric.
Shaykh
A religious official and leader of an Arab family or village
Chhatri
A small, domed pavilion that is a common feature of Indian architecture.
chhatri
A small, domed pavilion that is a common feature of Indian architecture.
"As Seen From Below"
A specific approach used in painting Italian ceiling frescoes that depicts an illusionistic scene taking place above the viewer.
"as seen from below"
A specific approach used in painting Italian ceiling frescoes that depicts an illusionistic scene taking place above the viewer.
Formal Dissonance
A state of tension that is created when the experience of what is expected to be seen and what is actually seen are in discrepancy.
formal dissonance
A state of tension that is created when the experience of what is expected to be seen and what is actually seen are in discrepancy.
Mannerism
A style during 16th century Italian High Renaissance characterized by systems of complex perspectives, elongated forms, unnatural gestures and poses of figures with emotional charged colors.
mannerism
A style during 16th century Italian High Renaissance characterized by systems of complex perspectives, elongated forms, unnatural gestures and poses of figures with emotional charged colors.
Baroque
A style of architecture and art characterized by grand scale, movement, and dramatic effects.
Painterly
A style of painting (such as impressionism) that emphasizes the brushstroke and action of applying paint to surface.
painterly
A style of painting (such as impressionism) that emphasizes the brushstroke and action of applying paint to surface.
Grand Manner Portraits
A style of portraiture that elevates the person depicted through references to classical and Renaissance art
grand manner portraits
A style of portraiture that elevates the person depicted through references to classical and Renaissance art.
Tenebrism
A style or method of painting characterized by large areas of dark colors and a ray of light.
Allegory
A symbolic narrative; a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through material forms.
allegory
A symbolic narrative; a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through material forms.
Relief Printing
A technique used in printmaking where a print is made from the raised images of a surface, includes embossing and letterpress.
relief printing
A technique used in printmaking where a print is made from the raised images of a surface, includes embossing and letterpress.
Intaglio Printing
A technique used in printmaking where an image is cut into the surface of a copper or zinc plate with a special tool called a burin.
intaglio printing
A technique used in printmaking where an image is cut into the surface of a copper or zinc plate with a special tool called a burin.
Tatami
A traditional Japanese mat used on the floor and traditionally made of rice straw
tatami
A traditional Japanese mat used on the floor traditionally made of rice straw.
Raku Ware
A type of ceramic with a low fire glaze associated with traditional Japanese pottery
raku ware
A type of ceramic with a low fire glaze associated with traditional Japanese pottery.
Buon Fresco
A type of fresco in which the plaster is still wet and the paint bonds with the plaster.
buon fresco
A type of fresco in which the plaster is still wet and the paint bonds with the plaster.
Vanitas
A type of painting associated with still life that contains symbols of death, such as a skull or rotting food.
vanitas
A type of painting associated with still life that contains symbols of death, such as a skull or rotting food.
Fête Galante
A type of painting that developed during the Rococo period that depicts a party or other lighthearted scene taking place outdoors
fete galante
A type of painting that developed during the Rococo period that depicts a party or other lighthearted scene taking place outdoors.
casta painting
A type of painting that was common in Mexico in the 18th century that depicts a racially mixed family, consisting of the two parents (of different races) and their child.
Casta Painting
A type of painting that was common in Mexico in the 18th century, and depicts a racially mixed family consisting of the two parents (of different races) and their child
Miniature Painting
A type of small, elaborately painted image common in India and parts of the Muslim world.
miniature painting
A type of small, elaborately painted image common in India and parts of the Muslim world.
Still Life
A work of art that depicts inanimate objects.
Which of the following is true about academic art?
Academies replaced the medieval guild system of art education.
Which of the following might be found in ukiyo-e art?
Actors and courtesans
Which of the following is true about this painting (Summers Day by Morisot oil on canvas two women by the water)?
All of the answers are true: The artist has depicted a scene of leisure time, the artist tried to capture the changing effects of light on water, the subject matter is informed by the artist's gender.
Why is this room (white - lots of straight lines and curving geometric shapes, square lights with red and black), designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, an example of a "total work of art?"
All of the elements of this space were designed to work together to create a harmonious space.
rococo
Also called "late Baroque", an artistic style characterized by playful themes and creamy-pastel colors, asymmetry, curves and gilded stucco decorations in floral shapes.
Rococo
Also called "late Baroque," an artistic style characterized by playful themes and creamy-pastel colors, asymmetry, curves, and gilded stucco decorations in floral shapes
Counter-Reformation
Also called the Catholic Revival or Reformation, it was a response to the Protestant Reformation, and lasted from the Council of Trent to the end of the Thirty Years' War.
counter-reformation
Also called the Catholic Revival or Reformation, it was a response to the Protestant Reformation, and lasted from the Council of Trent to the end of the Thirty Years' War.
Wabi
An aesthetic of refined simplicity influenced by Zen Buddhism
Northern Renaissance
An age of artistic and cultural discovery and Christian humanism that took place in Germany, the Netherlands, and France.
northern renaissance
An age of artistic and cultural discovery and Christian humanism that took place in Germany, the Netherlands, and France.
Hôtel
An apartment for members of the French nobility
hotel
An apartment for members of the French nobility.
Iwan
An arched gateway common in Islamic and Mughal architecture.
iwan
An arched gateway common in Islamic and Mughal architecture.
Ultrabaroque
An architectural ornamentation in southern Spain characterized by dense, elaborate decoration
ultabaroque
An architectural ornamentation in southern Spain characterized by dense, elaborate decoration.
Holy Roman Empire
An area of rule during medieval and early modern times consisting of mostly Germany and part of Italy from 962-1806 that showed the decline of the pope and power of the emperor.
holy roman empire
An area of rule during medieval and early modern times consisting of mostly Germany and part of Italy from 962-1806 that showed the decline of the pope and power of the emperor.
Portraiture
An artistic likeness of an individual
Trompe l'oeil
An artistic technique that creates an optical illusion, usually of a three dimensional space on a flat surface.
trompe l'oeil
An artistic technique that creates an optical illusion, usually of a three dimensional space on a flat surface.
Landscape Painting
An artwork that uses scenes from nature, such as mountains, trees, lakes, and rivers.
landscape painting
An artwork that uses scenes from nature, such as mountains, trees, lakes, and rivers.
Camera Obscura
An early device with a hole in one end of an enclosed box or room that projects an image of its surroundings onto a flat screen or surface.
camera obscura
An early device with a hole in one end of an enclosed box or room that projects an image of its surroundings onto a flat screen or surface.
Anamorphic Image
An image that appears distorted unless it is viewed from a certain angle or using a device, such as a mirror.
anamorphic image
An image that appears distorted unless it is viewed from a certain angle or using a device, such as a mirror.
Chiaroscuro
An important method of shading using gradations of values and strong contrasts of light and dark to create a sense of volume. This method enhances the illusion of three-dimensional form on a two-dimensional plane.
Engraving
An important process in Renaissance printmaking that flourished with the invention of accessible paper and the printing press where a design is cut onto a flat surface with a tool called a burin.
engraving
An important process in Renaissance printmaking that flourished with the invention of accessible paper and the printing press where a design is cut onto a flat surface with a tool called a burin.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Post-Impressionism?
An interest in depicting a fleeting moment in time. (Things that ARE characteristics of Post-Impressionism: Emphasis on brushstroke as an influence from Impressionism, Distortion of form for expressive effect, Sometimes unnatural use of color, with an emphasis on complementary colors).
Pavilion
An open building used for shelter, it can be separate or attached; in architecture, a projecting element of a façade suggesting a tower.
pavilion
An open building used for shelter, it can be separate or attached; in architecture, a projecting element of a façade suggesting a tower.
Which of the following is a trait of Goya's work?
Artist's own madness is an important theme. Subject matter inspired by the darkness of human existence. Artist's inspiration by ill-treatment of the Spanish by the French under Napoleon.
Which of the following is a factor that influenced European artists to incorporate the style of Japanese prints into their work?
Artists felt the European tradition had reached its limit.
Caravaggisti
Artists who painted in the style of the painter Caravaggio.
How is Louis XIV being presented in this portrait?
As an absolute ruler
In what way does Italian Baroque art differ from Italian Renaissance art?
Baroque art is more emotional and dramatic than Renaissance art.
Neoclassicism moved away from the __________ style, instead looking back to __________ for inspiration.
Baroque; Classical Greece and Rome
Central Plan Church
Basic church architecture that designs a central space that is surrounded by smaller symmetrical areas.
central plan church
Basic church architecture that designs a central space that is surrounded by smaller symmetrical areas.
Which of the following is a trait of the Pre-Raphaelite artistic style?
Began as a reaction against the Royal Academy of Art and Sir Joshua Reynolds
Rubenistes
Believed that color, not drawing, was superior due to its being more true to nature
rubenistes
Believed that color, not drawing, was superior due to its being more true to nature.
Which of the following statements is true about both the Jama Masjid and Humayun's Tomb?
Both use red sandstone and white marble as main building materials.
Which of the following is a trait of the Pre-Raphaelite artistic style in Pia de Tolomei by Dante Gabriel Rossetti (woman with red hair and a golden dress surrounded by green fig leaves near an open prayer book and rosary - the pious one in Dante's 'Purgatory' story woman wrongly accused of being unfaithful),
Brilliance of color
What was the first form of photography to use both paper and a negative?
Calotype
What is the typical relationship between a Caravaggio painting and its surroundings?
Caravaggio considered the settings of his paintings in their executions.
How do Chinese gardens differ from Western gardens?
Chinese gardens use sparse and leafy plants like bamboo.
Delftware (tin-glazed pottery) is an example of what style of decorative arts?
Chinoiserie
What is a topic NOT found in the Florentine Codex?
City planning and architecture
Which of the following values was associated with Neoclassical architecture?
Civic responsibility
Restoration
Cleaning and repairing a work of art in order to bring it back to its original state as much as possible.
Which of this building's traits is influenced by classical Greek and Roman architecture (Monticello by Thomas Jefferson - red brick with white roof, columns, dome)?
Columns and pediment
Dutch Republic
Consisting of the Low Countries which today are the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg and formerly under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire.
dutch reublic
Consisting of the Low Countries which today are the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg and formerly under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire.
Yin & Yang
Contrary yet interconnected and interdependent forces in the natural world
yin and yang
Contrary, yet interconnected and interdependent forces in the natural world.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Art Nouveau architecture?
Contrasting furnishings. (Actual characteristics are: arches, curves, stained glass, organic forms, Japanese motifs, hyperbolas in windows, natural textures of flames and sea shells, stylized moldings that take on plant forms.)
What painting technique describes the style of Caravaggio?
Creating large areas of dark colors that are illuminated by a single light source
Land Reclamation
Creating new land by draining off low-lying areas near water.
Which trait of Romanticism is displayed in this painting (Raft of the Medusa by Theodore Gericault)?
Depiction of the sublime, a subject that inspires awe or fear
Which type of camera, equipment, or process only allows the creation of one unique image?
Direct positive process. (Negative prints allowed photos to be duplicated.)
Scientific illustration
Drawings made with the goal of communicating information regarding the structure and appearance of an object.
Which of the following statements about Dutch portraiture is NOT true?
Due to the influence of Calvinism, artists focused on aspects of the portrait other than clothing.
Grand Manner
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the highest category of painting, equivalent to history painting, it made stylistic references to classical Greece and the Renaissance.
grand manner
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the highest category of painting, equivalent to history painting. It made stylistic references to classical Greece and the Renaissance.
Which of the following is true of African kente cloth?
Each color and pattern has a symbolic meaning.
What was one of the main Protestant critiques waged against the Catholic Church?
Elaborate decoration of the Catholic Church led to idolatry.
In 1897, the British Government seized more than 3,000 works of art from Africa that are known today as the Benin Bronzes. Many of them are housed in the British Museum, which has also refused to return the sculptures from the Parthenon known as the __________ to the Greek government.
Elgin Marbles
Which of the following would you NOT find in an Art Nouveau work of art?
Emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines (WOULD find: curving lines and shapes, flowers, leaves, vines, grass, insects, long flowing hair).
What is an element of Rococo architectural style? (a)
Emphasis on interior space
Which of the following is NOT a trait of Rococo architecture?
Emphasis on repeated forms and classical architecture, such as the rounded arch
Consider these two houses (Red House by Morris and Webb and Gamble House by Greene brothers). Which statement is true of both Arts and Crafts architecture in Great Britain and the craftsman style in the United States?
Emphasized the importance of handicraft and was generally against the Industrial Revolution
Which of the following was influenced by the popularity of Chinoiserie?
English landscape gardening
How can a viewer determine what type of print is represented in an artwork?
Engravers can use hatching and cross-hatching in intaglio prints.
Which of the following statements is true about the spread of Japanese prints to Europe?
European artists looked to Japanese art as a source of inspiration and rejuvenation.
Which quality listed below is present in still life painting?
Explores the idea that life is fleeting
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Pre-Raphaelite work?
Expression of emotions in visual form. (TRUE: Brilliant colors, an accurate depiction of nature, a high level of detail that was almost photographic)
What type of iridescent glass was invented by Louis Comfort Tiffany for use in lamps and stained glass windows?
Favrile glass
Why did artists like Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot mostly focus on scenes of domesticity or mothers and children?
Female artists did not have the same freedom as male artists, so they painted what was familiar.
Prosperity
Financial success or general well-being.
prosperity
Financial success or general well-being.
What stylistic elements did Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec borrow from Japanese prints for his lithographs?
Flattening forms, use of a diagonal axis, and colors not strictly naturalistic,
Which of the following is a characteristic of Realism as an artistic movement?
Focus on workers, prostitutes, and the poor. (Basically, focus on real life.)
What term is used to describe an object that is placed at an angle to the picture plane in order to convey the illusion of three-dimensional depth, as seen in Rubens' Allegory of the Outbreak of War?
Foreshortening
The Platonic Academy
Founded by Plato in 387 BC in Athens, it promoted the philosophical systems of Plato, including the notions of form and existence of abstract objects.
the platonic academy
Founded by Plato in 387 BC in Athens, it promoted the philosophical systems of Plato, including the notions of form and existence of abstract objects.
Which of the following occurred during the Northern Renaissance in France? (a)
Francis I commissioned Jean Clouet to paint a portrait that glorified the king's authority.
Which of the following occurred during the Northern Renaissance in France?(b)
Francis I's renovation of the Louvre at the Square Court, which is one of the best examples of 16th-century French style.
Which of the following was NOT a type of Art Nouveau decoration designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany?
Furniture. (He designed windows, mosaics, jewelry, and enamels with Favrile glass).
The Houses of Parliament in London, England are an example of what style of architecture?
Gothic revival
Halftones
Gradations of tone (shades of grey) between black and white.
halftones
Gradations of tone (shades of grey) between black and white.
Verisimilitude
Having the appearance or likeness of truth
Which of the following describes furniture designed by Gustav Stickley?
He placed emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines.
Why were Lord Elgin's actions regarding the Elgin Marbles considered controversial?
He removed roughly half of the sculptures from the Parthenon and took them back to England.
What was Velazquez's relationship to King Philip IV of Spain?
He worked as court painter.
Who designed this work of architecture Entrance to the Paris Metro?
Hector Guimard
genre painting
Images in any various media that represent scenes or events from everyday life such as domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, or street scenes.
Genre Painting
Images in any various media that represent scenes or events from everyday life, such as domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, or street scenes
What is an element of Rococo architectural style? (c)
Importance of furniture, decorations, and artwork as extensions of design
Retablo
In Latin America, a devotional painting that uses religious iconography from the Catholic Church
retablo
In Latin America, a devotional painting that uses religious iconography from the Catholic Church.
How was Poussin influenced by Italian artists?
In his choice of subject matter and use of color
Mullata/o
In the casta system, a person with one European and one African parent
Mestiza/o
In the casta system, a person with one European and one indigenous parent
mestiza/o
In the casta system, a person with one European and one indigenous parent.
mullata/o
In the casta system, a person with with one European and one African parent.
In the New World, the Spanish built many new churches to assert the authority of Spain and the Catholic Church. Choose which of the following statements represents a unique feature of Mexican Baroque churches
Incorporates the work of local sculptors and artisans
Which of the following are characteristics of Romanticism?
Individualism and feeling
Which of the following characteristics applies to the Gamble House?
Influence from Japanese architecture
Which of the following is a characteristic of Northern Renaissance art, such as seen in Massys' painting, The Money Changer and His Wife?
Influence of prosperity in the Netherlands and Flanders
Which of the following is an example of the Art Nouveau reacting against the Industrial Revolution?
Interest in commercial art and graphic design
Which of the following is a reason why Realism is thought to be the first movement associated with Modernism?
It became more and more concerned with the process of making art as a subject in itself.
Why was the Neoclassical style popular after the French and American Revolutions?
It came to be associated with democracy because of its Classical references.
Which of the following answers is NOT true about Neoclassicism?
It celebrated the individual and emphasized connection with nature. (TRUE: It was a reaction against Rococo, it celebrated virtues such as patriotism and heroism, it emphasized rationality and simplicity of form).
Which characteristic of Dark Romanticism is present in this painting by Francisco Goya (Saturn Devouring One of His Children)?
It contains an anthropomorphized symbol of evil such as a demon or vampire
What does the repetition of concave and convex areas on the façade of Borromini's San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane do?
It creates a feeling of movement.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about this Romantic landscape painting (The Oxbow by Thomas Cole)?
It depicts the exotic. (TRUE: It depicts the pastoral, It is a work from the Hudson River School, It depicts the sublime.)
Which of the following is NOT a trait of Impressionism?
It explores subject matter that inspires fear and awe. (TRUE: It depicts the urbanization and modernization of Paris, It depicts a fleeting moment, It has unblended brushstrokes that make the painting look like a sketch.)
What are the origins of the Florentine Codex?
It is a compiled ethnography on the indigenous peoples of Mexico City.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the idea of Manifest Destiny?
It is a nineteenth-century American doctrine which believes in a divinely granted right of expansion.
Which of the following statements is true about this artwork by Nicolas Poussin?
It is an invented landscape with a grandiose subject.
Which of the following statements is true about De Negro y Española, Sale Mulatto ?
It is influenced by Bourbon reforms and a stricter order in society.
Which of the following is true about Orientalism?
It is often portrayed in art through the use of stereotypes.
What is the importance of the location of Bramante's Tempietto?
It is the believed site of the martyrdom of Saint Peter.
What is the significance of Bernini's baldacchino in St. Peter's Basilica?
It is the site of St. Peter's tomb; It aids in the transition from the soaring ceilings to the human scale in the church; It is the location of the high altar.
What role did Calvinism play in Dutch portraiture?
It led to more seated portraits of figures in plain clothes.
What is the connection between Aertsen's Meat Still Life and Calvinism?
It presents a contrast between a life of virtue and a life of gluttony and indulgence.
Which of the following statements about the purpose of casta painting is true?
It served a political purpose in 18th-century Mexico.
Which of the following statements is true about the Brueghel painting Hunters in the Snow?
It shows an interest in the portrayal of a naturalistic landscape.
Which of the following statements is true about the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France?
It was harshly criticized by artists who thought it was ugly. (It was also a symbol of science and industry, and was built using modular construction- not all built on site).
Which of the statements below is true of Art Nouveau?
It was influenced by the style of Japanese prints and had an emphasis on organic, curving lines and shapes, themes of flowers, leaves, grass, and insects, and featured women with long, flowing hair.
Which of the following is NOT true about the Crystal Palace in London?
It was used as a symbol of science and industry at the Universal Exposition of 1889. (True: It only took 6 months to assemble, it was one of the earliest examples of prefabricated aka modular construction, and all of the components of the building were pre-made and could be taken apart and reassembled in another location. It was the Eiffel tower that way a symbol of science and industry in 1889.)
Why did Spain rise to prominence in the sixteenth century?
Its overseas colonization
Which of the following is NOT true of Japanese prints?
Japanese prints show a strong stylistic influence from European art throughout their history. (TRUE: Japanese prints were associated with the rise of the merchant class in Japan, They explore subject matter such as entertainment, landscape, and other fleeting pleasures, and They were also known as ukiyo-e which means images of the floating world)
zen
Japanese, translated absorption or meditative state. Zen emphasizes the attainment of enlightenment and personal direct insights through the Buddhist teachings.
Zen
Japanese, translates to absorption or meditative state; Zen emphasizes the attainment of enlightenment and personal direct insights through the Buddhist teachings
Which of the following terms describes the influence of prints such as The Great Wave by Hokusai?
Japonisme
Which early photographer experimented with light-sensitive plates that had an exposure time of several hours?
Joseph Nicephore Niepce
What is NOT an element of Greek classical sculpture used in Michelangelo's David?
Lack of idealism
Nahautl
Language of the Aztecs, spoken in Central Mexico and indigenous to Mesoamerica
nahautl
Language of the Aztecs, spoken in Central Mexico and indigenous to Mesoamerica.
Which statement is true about Leonardo's illustration?
Leonardo's careful empirical observation helped shape the notion of scientific illustration.
Which of the following describes intaglio printing?
Lines are thin enough to produce halftones.
sun king
Louis XIV or Louis the Great, the longest reigning king of France.
Sun King
Louis XIV or Louis the Great, the longest-reigning king of France.
What is the most important element of Venetian painting during the Renaissance?
Lush, glowing, and luminous colors
What did Michelangelo retain from Bramante's original design for the new Saint Peter's Basilica?
Michelangelo used a central plan.
What tools and techniques were used in the painting of the Sistine Chapel?
Michelangelo used grids and cartoons to transfer drawings to the prepared wall surface.
The Neoclassical use of architectural decoration can best be described as __________.
Minimalist
Which of the following shows the most and least important subject matter promoted by the academies?
Most Important: History painting. Least Important: Still life
Why is the work of Alphonse Mucha so characteristic of the Art Nouveau style?
Mucha used curvilinear, organic lines and stylized women's hair.
What style of decorative artwork and Christian artifacts is connected to the Moresque style?
Northern Mannerism
Habsburg
One of the most important ruling families in Europe, originally from the Holy Roman Empire
This painting ('Paris: A Rainy Day' by Gustave Caillebotte - city with brick streets, people holding umbrellas) depicts a moment in a typical day in the city but also explores Haussmannization, which was the physical transformation of the city of __________ during the 19th century.
Paris
Peninsulares
People originally born in Spain
Indigenous
People who are native to a certain place
Which of the following terms is associated with this painting (Clositer Graveyard in the Snow aka Monastery Ruins in the Snow by Caspar David Friedrich)?
Picturesque
Who was the first ruler of Mughal Empire?
Prince Babur
Which of the following statements is true regarding the development of Realism as an artistic movement?
Realism is the first artistic movement connected with Modernism.
Which quality listed below is present in landscape painting?
References close ties to land
Rubenesque
Referring to the figures portrayed by painter Rubens, usually depicting plump or full figured women.
rubenesque
Referring to the figures portrayed by painter Rubens, usually depicting plump or full figured women.
churrigeresque
Refers to an elaborate sculptural stucco detailing, decoration and ornamentation seen on Spanish Baroque architecture.
Churrigeresque
Refers to an elaborate sculptural stucco detailing, decoration, and ornamentation seen on Spanish Baroque architecture
The Cathedral of San Ildefonso contains many elements of __________ architecture, including its overall simplicity and use of rounded arches.
Renaissance
The French designer, __________, often included organic forms and insect shapes in his works.
René Lalique
Conservation
Repairing a work of art in order to avoid any further damage.
After the French Revolution, many government buildings in France used the Neoclassical style to emphasize the ideals of equality and duty to the nation. For this reason, Neoclassicism is seen as a reaction against the __________ style, which was associated with the excesses of the aristocracy.
Rococo
What is a main characteristic of Mughal architecture?
Rounded dome
Which image is an example of Indian Gothic Style?
Royal Pavilion by John Nash (white, domes, spires, keyhole arches, latticework, pointed arches).
Which of the following occurred during the Northern Renaissance in France? (c)
Rulers, including Francis I, built palaces called chateaux.
Even though the work of Renoir and Monet is popular today, the name of their movement, Impressionism, began as an insult by an art critic.The artists associated with the movement were forbidden to exhibit their work in the __________.
Salon
Why are art collections in encyclopedic museums sometimes seen as controversial?
Some of the works of art might have been looted or stolen from their countries of origin.
peninsulares
Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.
In what ways does the work of Steen differ from the work of Vermeer?
Steen's work contains complex moral messages while Vermeer's work does not.
Which work of art was painted by Paul Cezanne?
Still Life with Basket of Apples
lake tai rocks
Stones from a large freshwater lake in Eastern China thought to have formed as the result of a meteor impact 70 million years ago.
Lake Tai Rocks
Stones from a large, freshwater lake in Eastern China thought to have formed as the result of a meteor impact 70 million years ago
Which of the following is a trait of Romanticism depicted in this painting (The Oxbow by Thomas Cole - landscape, fallen tree amongst greenery, river in below in background, storm clouds further in background)?
Subject is intended to evoke awe and fear in viewer.
The Symbolism movement rejected the idea of Realism and eventually became an inspiration for __________.
Surrealism
Which work of art is an example of Symbolism?
The Cyclops by Odilon Redon
Which of the following paintings is an example of the most important category of Academic Art?
The Death of Socrates by Jacques Louis David
Jan Steen's painting, __________, focuses on children, but is really an allegory for adult shortcomings, such as jealousy and selfishness.
The Feast of St. Nicholas
Which of the classical structure does the Villa "La Rotunda" reference?
The Pantheon
Which of the following describes relief printing?
The artist carves away all of the negative space.
What is a challenge unique to Dutch Baroque group portraiture, such as Rembrandt's The Night Watch?
The artist must distinguish individual personalities in the group.
Why is this painting (Still Life with Basket of Apples by Paul Cezanne - picture of tipped overflowing basket of apples and an upright bottle of wine on a table) an example of Post-Impressionism?
The artist tries to articulate space and volume through color and geometric forms.
Which of the following characteristics is present in this work of art?
The artwork combines passion and drama
Sabi
The beauty that comes with age, could refer to a person who has grown wise with experience or an object that is weathered but beautiful
sabi
The beauty that comes with age, could refer to a person who has grown wise with experience or an object that is weathered, but beautiful.
Anatomy
The branch of science that deals with the physical structure of plants and animals.
Why is the Vienna Secession Building, designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich, an example of Art Nouveau architecture?
The building contains laurel leaves and flowing plant forms in its external decoration.
Select the true statement about this piece of artwork.
The composition conjures a sense of confidence and elegance.
What do images associated with Orientalism depict?
The depiction of scenes from the Middle East and Asia in a way that is factually inaccurate and heavily biased
Costumbrismo
The depiction of scenes of everyday life, the Spanish equivalent of genre painting in Dutch art
costumbrismo
The depiction of scenes of everyday life, the Spanish equivalent of genre painting in Dutch art.
What was a main focus of Claude Lorrain in his painting?
The effects of weather and atmosphere
Which of the following statements is true about this daguerreotype (Boulevard du Temple by Louis J.M. Dagurre - black and white showing a mostly empty street [though it was busy when the picture was started to be taken])?
The exposure time would have been several minutes.
What is a Rococo element in this work?
The idea of frivolity and love
Dynamism
The illusion of movement in a composition.
Picture Plane
The invisible plane that corresponds to the surface of the painting, the picture plane is like a window opening out onto another world.
picture plane
The invisible plane that corresponds to the surface of the painting, the picture plane is like a window opening out onto another world.
Cathedral
The main church that contains the bishop's throne
cathedral
The main church that contains the bishop's throne.
Foreshortening
The method in drawing where represented objects are reduced in size and are not parallel to the picture plane in order to convey an illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.
foreshortening
The method in drawing where represented objects are reduced in size and are not parallel to the picture plane in order to convey an illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.
In what way is Leonardo's Last Supper an example of artistic restoration?
The painting was repainted and repaired extensively.
Sa-lo-kwai-chi
The quality of being impressive through disorderly grace
sa-lo-swai-chi
The quality of being impressive through disorderly grace.
Giornata
The quantity of wet plaster that an artist could paint into in a period of one day before it dried.
giornata
The quantity of wet plaster that an artist could paint into in a period of one day before it dried.
Which of the following formal qualities can be used to describe the artwork below?
The scene is diagonal to the picture plane, which draws the viewer into it.
Conquest
The subjugation of another group, in this case the New World by Spain
conquest
The subjugation of the New World by Spain.
Viceroyalty
The territory controlled by a person who rules in place of the king or queen
viceroyalty
The territory controlled by a person who rules in place of the king or queen.
What is a Baroque element of Maderno's design for the façade of St. Peter's Basilica?
The uneven surface of the façade
Cross Hatching
The use of lines that cross over, particularly in printmaking and drawing, to indicate shadow and depth.
cross hatching
The use of lines that cross over, particularly in printmaking and drawing, to indicate shadow and depth.
Hatching
The use of parallel straight lines, particularly in printmaking and drawing, to indicate shadow and depth.
hatching
The use of parallel straight lines, particularly in printmaking and drawing, to indicate shadow and depth.
Illusionistic
The use of perspective in painting to create the impression of three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface; or a philosophy that promotes the material world as an illusion.
illusionistic
The use of perspective in painting to create the impression of three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface; or a philosophy that promotes the material world as an illusion.
Satire
The use of sarcasm, ridicule emphasizing weakness more than the weak person, denouncing vice and folly and implying moral judgment
satire
The use of sarcasm, ridicule emphasizing weakness more than the weak person, denouncing vice and folly and implying moral judgment.
Why is it permissible to portray images of people in the artwork below?
These images were seen in a private setting and did not include images of Muhammad.
Which of the following statements is true about Caravaggio's typical subjects?
They are rough and homely.
What is a belief that the Pre-Raphaelites held about painting?
They believed in accurately depicting nature.
How do Mannerist painters treat the human figure in an artwork?
They elongate the torso and limbs and often contort the body into twisting postures.
Which of the following statements is true about the illustrations found in the Florentine Codex?
They include both European and Mesoamerican pictorial traditions.
Why did the designers of Versailles use landscaping techniques such as the shaping of trees into cones and the arrangement of flowers to resemble tapestry patterns?
They wanted to display control and dominance over of nature.
Why did designers of the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles use expensive, imported glass?
They wanted to display the wealth and power of the king.
Which of the following is NOT a reason Impressionists chose to paint in the open air?
They wanted to work in the fresh air to help dry their canvases faster. (Actual reasons include: They wanted to paint reflections on the the surface of water, They wanted to capture the changing effects of the light, and They were motivated by increasing urbanism in Paris.)
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Impressionist painters who worked "en plein air?"
They were interested in capturing an image of the sublime, such as a storm or a dramatic landscape. (Actual: They wanted to capture the changing effects of sunlight at different times of day and year, This was a time when people's leisure time increased, so this became a common theme of paintings of the outdoors, Female artists could not be alone in public, so their scenes focused on mothers and children outdoors.)
Which of the following statements about Venetian Renaissance painting is true?
This style of painting emphasized a use of color.
What is the function of Lucas Cranach's Allegory of Law and Grace?
To educate and encourage conversions amongst the population.
What is the goal of a Grand Manner portrait?
To elevate the sitter with a sense of refinement
Why would a woman carry an akuaba figure?
To help them conceive or ensure the birth of a beautiful child.
Which of the following thematic elements of African art are present in the work shown (Nkisi Nkondi Figure of wood and metal with nails driven into it)?
Type of figure that is thought to contain a spirit
Which of the following is a trait of Japanese prints that European artists incorporated into their work?
Use of color that is unnatural.
What is an element of Rococo architectural style? (b)
Use of twisting organic shapes and motifs
Which of the following statements is true about the work of Vincent van Gogh?
Van Gogh liked to use visible brushstrokes and an impasto (build up of paint, etc to create texture) technique for their expressive and emotional possibilities.
How is formal dissonance displayed in Pontormo's Descent from the Cross?
We expect to see a quiet scene of grief and instead we see a flurry of activity with bright, pastel colors.
What was the idea behind the "total work of art" promoted by William Morris?
What was the idea behind the "total work of art" promoted by William Morris?
Which of the following statements is true about African art in general?
Works of art were intended to be used, not displayed. (Also, tradition is more important than originality.)
codex
a book made of hand-written pages
chateau
a castle or fortress and the residence or country home of nobility, especially in France
piazza
a central square in an italian town or city
landscape
a composition that uses the them of natural scenery usually seen from on single point of view
sfumato
a painting technique that involves subtle tones bleeding into one another without harsh lines, creating a "smoky" appearance
shaykh
a religious official and leader of an arab family or village
tenebrism
a style or method of painting characterized by large areas of dark colors and a ray of light
still life
a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter
wabi
an aesthetic of refined simplicity influenced by zen buddhaism
portraiture
an artistic likeness of an individual
chiaroscuro
an important method of shading using gradations of values and strong contrasts of light and dark to create a sense of volume. this method enhances the illusion of 3-d form on a 2-d plane.
What is the name given to the stretched, distorted skull in the center foreground of Holbein's painting, The French Ambassadors?
anamorphic image
caravaggisti
artists who painted in the style of him
The Cathedral of San Ildefonso was built on the ruins of a Mayan temple and constructed using the temple's stones.This was done to express the __________.
authority of the Catholic Church
Jan Vermeer's paintings are so detailed that some historians have argued he used a(n) __________ to help him depict interior scenes.
camera obscura
what is true about Leonardo's illustration
careful empirical observation helped shape the notion of scientific illustration
How do Chinese gardens differ from Western gardens?
chinese gardens use sparse and leafy plants like bamboo
restoration
cleaning and repairing a work of art in order to bring it back to its original state as much as possible
Casta painting often incorporated scenes of everyday life, which in Spanish is known as __________.
costumbrismo
His frescoes were often painted on the ceilings of churches and used persuasive imagery in connection with the movement known as the __________.
counter-reformation
what painting technique describes the style of caravaggio?
creating large areas of dark colors that are illuminated by a single light source
land reclamation
creating new land by draining off low-lying areas near water
scientific illustration
drawings made with the goal of communicating information regarding the structure and appearance of an object
Artists who painted in Symbolist style believed that art should not just focus on what could be observed, but should try to express __________ in visual form.
emotions
Which of the following is NOT a trait of Rococo architecture?
emphasis on repeated forms and classical architecture, such as the rounded arch
The Neoclassical style was strongly influenced by the development of __________, or the focus on sensed experience as a source of knowledge.
empiricism
ability to carve fine lines into the plate's surface
engraving
hatching, cross-hatching create half tones
engraving
ink is wiped off of the surface of the plate and remains in the areas that have been removed
engraving
As painting made a transition from Neoclassicism to Romanticism, its emphasis on important political events remained. However, an interest in the __________, or scenes taking place in exciting and mysterious foreign lands, gradually grew.
exotic
Determine how likely it is that the criteria provided are present in this example of Dutch portraiture.
expands on the idea of portraiture by showing the subject at work each person in the image is depicted with a sense of individuality
The artist El Greco is known for using elongated forms and emotionally charged colors to create a tension known as _________ in his work.
formal dissonance
One of the biggest criticisms of the conservation of the Sistine Chapel ceiling is that cleaning it removed shadows, eyes, and other details that Michelangelo had painted in black. However, the conservation did unveil information about the creation process, including lines created from the __________, which would have been laid out each day.
giornata
verisimiltude
having the appearance or likeness of truth
The French artist Odilon Redon was a member of the Symbolist movement, which was known for its exploration of themes related to __________.
imagination
how was poussin influenced by italian artists?
in his choice of subject matter and use of color
Colonialism, or the push for European countries to take political control of foreign lands, influenced this biased imagery (The Slave Market by Jean-Leon Gerome - nude woman surrounded by men in turbans with one man holding two fingers to her mouth). Europeans were fascinated by other cultures but often viewed them as __________.
inferior
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding this painting by Jan Steen?
it is a reference to dutch nationalism
Which of the following is the primary difference between the works of Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin?
lorrain was interested in observing the effects of weather and atmosphere while poussin was not
In the casta system, which of the following is the word used to describe a person of European and indigenous decent?
mestizo
what did michelangelo retain from bramante's original design for the new Saint Peter's Basilica?
michelangelo used a central plan
what tools and techniques were used in the painting of the sistine chapel?
michelangelo used grids and cartoons to transfer drawings to the prepared wall surface
Compared to Raphael's School of Athens, Rubens' Allegory of the Outbreak of War is __________.
more dynamic and energetic
Monet is one of the founders of the Impressionist movement and uses __________ to depict a fleeting moment, such as the changing appearance of light.
obvious brushstrokes
Orientalist paintings often explore sexual subject matter, including slave girls, harems, and __________.
odalisques
What is a main characteristic of Mughal architecture?
pointed arches
The Cathedral of San Ildefonso contains many elements of __________ architecture, including its overall simplicity and use of rounded arches.
renaissance
conservation
repairing a work of art in order to avoid any further damage
What occurred during the Northern Renaissance in France?
rulers, including Francis 1, built palaces called chateaux
Determine how likely it is that the criteria listed below are present in the architecture at Versailles.
scale of room is enormous, ceilings are decorated with murals by charles le brun
bernini's david compared to michelangelo's david
sense of energy and motion and dramatic pose
This painting by Géricault (Raft of the Medusa) is notable for its depiction of the simultaneous expression of awe and fear known as the __________.
sublime
what must a vanities painting include?
symbols of death
relief painting
the artist carves away all of the negative space
What is a challenge unique to Dutch Baroque group portraiture, such as Rembrandt's The Night Watch?
the artist must distinguish individual personalities in the group
painting NOT by caravaggio
the burial of phocion
Determine how likely it is that each of the following social factors influenced the development of the still life during the Dutch Republic.
the economy was doing well, creating wealth for many people, and protestant teachings warned against the dangers of excess
What is the name of one of the most important ruling families in Europe that was originally from the Holy Roman Empire?
the habsburgs
swinging girl- rococo element in this work?
the idea of frivolity and love
dynamism
the illusion of movement in a composition
Determine how likely it is that the statements below apply to the Florentine Codex.
the illustrations were not made by one person, they depict festivals, healing techniques and plants and animals, included information about indigenous people helped the spanish when converting to catholicism
Which of the following statements is true about the illustrations found in the Florentine Codex?
they include both european and mesoamerican pectoral traditions
how did french royal residences change during the renaissance?
they were less like fortresses and more like italian palaces
why did watteau chose the fete gallante as a common subject in his works?
to appeal to aristocratic art patrons to seek acceptance at the academy, and to explore themes of youth and love
What is the function of Lucas Cranach's Allegory of Law and Grace?
to educate and encourage conversions amongst the population
Inside a Japanese tea house, objects are displayed in a recessed space known as a(n) __________. In order to convey a sense of refined rusticity, the teapot and cups are often made of a type of traditional Japanese pottery known as __________.
tokonoma; rama ware
This ceiling fresco was painted by the artist Giovanni Battista Gaulli .He used a technique known as __________ to create an optical illusion of three-dimensional space.
trompe l'oeil
NOT a trait of mannerism
use of muted colors
What is an element of Rococo architectural style?
use of twisting organic shapes and motifs
Realist artists, including Manet, embraced the process of making art "artistic" in itself.For example, they used __________.
visible brushstrokes
how is formal dissonance displayed in pontormo's descent from the cross?
we expect to see a quiet scene of grief and instead we see a flurry of activity with bright, pastel colors
no halftones
woodcut
printing plate is a relief so the lines are thicker
woodcut
Many Chinese gardens combine elements like plants, rocks, and water with the goal of creating balance between opposing forces, known as __________.
yin and yang
Criollo
A person of Spanish descent born and raised in the New World
criollo
A person of Spanish descent born and raised in the New World.
taoism
A philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao meaning 'way', 'path' or 'principle'.
Taoism
A philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao, meaning "way," "path," or "principle"
dutch golden age
A period of the late sixteenth through seventeenth centuries when the Dutch achieved a high level of economic, political, and cultural success.
In the New World, the Spanish built many new churches to assert the authority of Spain and the Catholic Church. Choose which TWO of the following statements represent unique features of Mexican Baroque churches.
1. incorporating the work of local sculptors and artisans 2. use of retablos as instructional devices
Baldacchino
A permanent ornamental canopy that is either supported by columns or hanging over an altar.
baldacchino
A permanent ornamental canopy that is either supported by columns or hanging over an altar.
What is the significance of Bernini's baldacchino in St. Peter's Basilica?
1. it aids in the transition from the soaring ceilings to the human scale in the church 2/ it is the location of the high altar 3. it is the site of st. peter's tomb
How does Bernini'sDavid differ from Renaissance versions of the same subject?
1. the figure's expression is more intense 2. the twisting posture of the figure shows more energy 3. the figure is shown in the middle of a battle
Contrapposto
A naturalistic pose in which the figure stands, resting most of the weight on one foot and creating a slight tilt in the pelvis.
contrapposto
A naturalistic pose in which the figure stands, resting most of the weight on one foot and creating a slight tilt in the pelvis.
Sfumato
A painting technique that involves subtle tones blending into one another without harsh outlines, creating a "smoky" appearance.
Dutch Golden Age
A period of the late 16th through 17th centuries when the Dutch achieved a high level of economic, political, and cultural success.
How did the British acquire the Benin Bronzes in 1897?
A British army raided Benin City in a punitive expedition and took the plaques.
Sen No Rikyu
A Buddhist teacher who profoundly influenced the development of the tea ceremony and tea house in Japan
sen no rikyu
A Buddhist teacher who profoundly influenced the development of the tea ceremony and tea house in Japan.
Feng Shui
A Chinese practice in which the elements of a space are arranged in a way that maximizes the flow of energy
feng shui
A Chinese practice in which the elements of a space are arranged in a way that maximizes the flow of energy.
Tokonama
A Japanese term referring to a recessed space used to display objects in a room
tokononama
A Japanese term referring to a recessed space used to display objects in a room.
Mughal
A Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of India from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
mughal
A Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of India from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
Charbagh
A Persian-style garden divided into four quadrilateral areas by walkways. This type of garden is often thought to be a metaphor for paradise.
charbagh
A Persian-style garden divided into four quadrilateral areas by walkways. This type of garden is often thought to be a metaphor for paradise.
Codex
A book made of hand-written pages
Calvinism
A branch of Protestant Christianity started by John Calvin in the late 16th century, which emphasizes complete dependence on God for salvation, the equality of all members of the congregation, and the sinful nature of human beings.
calvinism
A branch of Protestant Christianity started by John Calvin in the late 16th century, which emphasizes complete dependence on God for salvation, the equality of all members of the congregation, and the sinful nature of human beings.
ethnography
A branch of anthropology that deals with scientific study of human cultures.
Ethnography
A branch of anthropology that deals with the scientific study of human cultures
Chateau
A castle or fortress and the residence or country home of nobility, especially in France.
Piazza
A central square in an Italian town or city.
Landscape
A composition that uses the them of natural scenery usually seen from on single point of view.
Renaissance
A cultural movement marking a time of accelerated activity and learning expressed by art and literature in Europe during the 14th to 17th centuries.
Zen Garden
A garden in the Japanese tradition in which the elements (rocks, plants, etc.) serve as an aid to meditation
zen garden
A garden in the Japanese tradition in which the elements (rocks, plants, etc.) serve as an aid to meditation.
Poussinistes
A group of conservative French artists in the 17th century who believed drawing was more important than color
poussinistes
A group of conservative French artists in the 17th century who believed drawing was more important than color.
What is the subject of this painting?
A grouping of the most important classical philosophers
Which of the following could NOT be a subject of a history painting?
A manuscript of William Shakespeare.
