Art History

The word photography literally means

"light-writing"

The process of printing came to Europe from

China

Jane Avril Jardin de Paris, a poster created using the lithographic process, was made by this artist.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautree

This artist created Light Rain at Shono, and is considered one of the most famous Japanese woodblock printmakers.

Hiroshige

What is the most prominent musical influence on Romare Bearden's art?

Jazz

American artist ____ is known for his watercolors, such as Rio de Santa Maria Formosa, Venice.

John Singer Sargent

An Andalusian Dog was created by Surrealists Luis Bunuel and

Salvador Dali

Michelangelo made detailed drawings of A Reclining Male Nude as studies for which of the following finished works?

The Sistine Chapel Ceiling

The drawing Carpenter was made at the beginning of this artist's career, yet it reveals his careful observation and attention to detail.

Vincent van Gogh

In the art world, a medium is

a particular material, along with its accompanying technique.

Sculpture generally falls into the following to categories:

additive and subtractive

A subcategory of constructed sculpture - seen in the works of Deborah Butterfiled - that lets artists use familiar objects in new ways is called

assemblage.

The terms low-relief and ___ are interchangeable.

bas-relief

In painting media, the pigment provides

color

Graphic design is a creative process employing art and technology to

communicate ideas, sell products, and delight our senses.

Charles White used the technique of ____ to give the figure in Preacher a feeling of figural mass.

cross-hatching

One of the earliest forms of photographic images was a

daguerreotype

Director Ridley Scott, first trained as a visual artist, states that _____ play(s) a strong role in his creative process.

drawing and storyboarding

In the photograph Pepper #30 by Edward Weston, the artist combines awareness, creativity, and communication by

encouraging the viewer to look closely at an object.

Oskar Fishinger's Circles is considered to be the first

experimental film

Artists have the power to turn ordinary objects into

extraordinary works of art.

Drawing is considered to be the __ of all other media.

foundation

Sculpture is meant to be seen from all sides and is called in-the-round or

freestanding.

A very thin, transparent film of color painted over an already-painted surface is called

glaze

Opaque watercolor is sometimes called

gouache

Marjane Satrapi combined word and drawn image in Persepolis, a

graphic novel.

Heidi Cody's American Alphabet is a set of light boxes, which feature the isolated first letters of American _____ products.

grocery

Sharecropper by Elizabeth Catlett is an excellent example of a(n)

linoleum cut

In which of the following media does the artist draw an image with a greasy crayon directly on a flat stone slab?

lithography

An identifying mark or trademark is referred to as a(n)

logo

A(n) ___ print is one in which an artist is physically involved with its production.

original

Rosalba Carriera, creator of Portrait of Girl with a Bussola, was a popular eighteenth-century artist whose medium of choice offered rich colors and a smooth surface. Identify the medium.

pastel

At various stages in the printmaking process, artists make _____ to check on the developing image.

proofs

Figurative art is a type of

representational art.

In filmmaking, each unbroken sequence of movie frames, with the camera still rolling, is called a

shot

This type of printing, as seen in Ester Hernandez's Sun Mad, has lent itself to poster production and the many social movements that have allied themselves with printmakers to help spread the word about their causes.

silkscreen

Olafur Eliasson's The Weather Project is an excellent example of

site-specific art.

A type of painting utilizing egg yolk as a binder is

tempera

A title sequence is

the roll of credits at the beginning of a motion picture or television program.

Motion graphics - a relatively new field in which designers use visual effects, live action, and animation to create a two-dimensional product that moves - as a discipline began with

titles sequences for Hollywood movies.

The art of composing printed material from letterforms is called

typography

In buon fresco, the pigments, combined with water, are applied to

wet plaster

Many contemporary type designers are redesigning and updating old fonts, with concern for readability. Donald Meeker, for example, was instrumental in updating the font of _____ to a more legible (and quickly readable) type.

white-on-green Interstate freeway signs

The QR5 wind turbine is an innovative green product designed to be smaller, less noisy, and more user-friendly than standard wind turbines. The "QR" of the turbine's name stands for both the company's name and its main selling point, which is

"quiet revolution"

____ was an early advocate of photography as an artform and opened a gallery in New York City in 1905.

Alfred Stieglitz

______ used photographs of national parks to increase public awareness of the beauty of nature.

Ansel Adams

From a bicycle seat and handlebars, the artist Pablo Picasso formed a sculpture and titled it

Bull's Head

This artist, who created Detroit Industry, is considered a leader in the revival of fresco mural painting in the 1920s and 1930s.

Diego Rivera

Casting processes are only used with bronze and other metals.

FALSE, because casting is a substitution process that involves pouring liquid material such as molten metal, clay, wax, or plaster into a mold. When the liquid hardens, the mold is removed, and a form in the shape of the mold is left.

Site-specific works that are created for the great outdoors, sometimes in far-off locations, are in turn referred to as earthworks, or land art. Charles Ray's Father Figure is a good example of an earthwork.

FALSE, because earthworks are sculptural forms made from earth, rocks, or sometimes plants. Father Figure is steel cast.

In low-relief sculpture, more than half of the natural circumference of the modeled form projects from the surrounding surface, and figures are often substantially undercut (are more deeply cut and higher above the surface/background).

FALSE, because high-relief sculpture is more than half of the natural circumference of the modeled form projecting from the surrounding surface - not low-relief, which is barely projecting (like a coin).

Installation art is defined as a type of public art that is installed in government buildings/installations.

FALSE, because installation art is an art medium in which the artist arranges objects or artworks in a room, thinking of the entire space as the medium to be manipulated.

Mobiles, such as those created by Alexander Calder, are a type of static sculpture. The are large, site-specific sculptures that do not move and change over time. Such sculptures often project permanence like monumental works of architecture.

FALSE, because mobiles are kinetic

Modeling is usually an additive process. Pliable material such as bronze, ivory, or wood is built up, removed, and pushed into a final form.

FALSE, because modeling is working pliable material such as clay or wax into three-dimensional forms.

Constantin Brancusi created a sculpture titled "The Kiss" - a naturalistic, representational work of art that captures the sensual delight of that highly charged moment when lovers embrace. In contrast Auguste Rodin's "The Kiss" is abstracted. It is a geometric sculpture that lacks the naturalism and sensuality of Brancusi's version of the same subject.

False, because Constantin Brancusi's "The Kiss" is abstracted. Auguste Rodin's "The Kiss" is a naturalistic, representation work. Rodin's work expresses the feelings of love while Brancusi's expresses the idea of love.

Belgian artist Alexis Smith created a mixed-media piece titled, "Black 'n' Blue (for Howie Long)". This challenging work of art questions the relationship between art and reality and suggests the visual games artists play with their viewers.

False, because her art combined references to the art world with the violence of professional sport. She created an "artist's palette" for an athlete who made his name through jarring physical contact.

Spiritual and religious works of art such as "The Virgin of Carmel Saving Souls in Purgatory" and "Amida Buddah" are the only types of art that rely upon iconography-symbolic subjects and signs used to convey ideas important to particular cultures or religions.

False, because iconography refers to the subjects, symbols, and motifs used in an image to convey its meaning. There are way more than just two works of art that fit the definition of iconography.

All abstract works of art are nonrepresentational.

False, because in art the word abstract can mean either works of art that have no reference at all to natural objects (nonrepresentational), or works that depict natural objects in simplified, distorted, or exaggerated ways (representational).

Outsider artists have little to no art education. Yet, despite this, outsider artists work within specific traditions of style, theme, and craftsmanship that reflect their unique cultural perspectives.

False, because outsider art is outside the established channels of art exhibition, e.g., self-directed individuals, prison inmates, and insane persons.

Mexico and the American Southwest, Loretta painting is a customary way of giving thanks to God when someone escapes from some danger or recovers from an illness. Yet, such paintings NEVER depict the scene of salvation or a narrative of the events. In fact, most retablo paintings are nonrepresentational.

False, because retablo paintings DO generally depict the scene of salvation along with a narrative of the events.

This early filmmaker pioneered many special effects, such as dissolves between scenes and time-lapse photography, as seen in his Voyage to the Moon.

George Melies

Jack-in-the-Pulpit No. V reflects the typical style and content of its artist,

Georgia O'Keeffe.

_______ refers to the symbolic meaning of visual signs and imagery in a work of art.

Iconography

The print The Letter, by American artist Mark Cassatt, illustrates the influence of _____ on her work.

Japanese woodblock prints

This photographer of Louisville Flood Victims introduced the concept of the photographic essay to tell a story using many photographs.

Margaret Bourke-White

This artist is best known for expanding the traditional limitations of artistic media by incorporating video and electronic media into his or her artwork, as can be seen in Video Flag Z.

Nam June Paik

To create Guernica, a monumental painting depicting the horrors of war, this artist made many preliminary sketches.

Pablo Picasso

A 2009 building in Japan broke new ground by building interactive design into its surface. The _____ on its facade provides access to information about the building and its business.

Quick Response (QR) code

Michael Bierut designed a renovated logo for ____. His design was intended to be recognizable but new, traditional yet cutting-edge. The new logo was meant to attract younger shoppers while keeping the (aging) old ones.

Saks Fifth Avenue

Alexander Calder was one of the first artists to explore the possibilities of kinetic sculpture with his mobiles.

True

Casting processes (such as the lost-wax process of casting) are often called substitution processes because most casting involves the substitution of one material for another.

True

The subtractive process is a method of "carving away" raw material (such as marble or wood) to create a sculpture.

True

Edward Weston's "Pepper #30" was created with a time exposure of over two hours to give the photograph of the pepper a quality of flowing light - a living presence that resembles a sensual embrace. In essence, Weston provides his viewers with

an image that, on one hand, is mundane. Yet, viewers are also given a deeper look at the pepper-a view where they encounter astounding beauty and poignance in an ordinary object.

Due to its monumental size, Viola Frey's ceramic Stubborn Woman, Orange Hands is supported using an

armature.

Encaustic is an ancient painting medium in which the pigments are suspended in

beeswax

The Chinese regard painting as derived from the art of

calligraphy

The device invented in the sixteenth-century as a means of capturing and fixing images from the natural world whose name means "dark room" is the

camera obscura

The original meaning of the term _______ is a type of preparatory drawing that is a full-sized drawing made as a guide for a larger work in another medium.

cartoon

Which of the following media used today is similar to drawing media used by prehistoric people?

charcoal

Many contemporary photographers use new ____ technology, exemplified by Jeff Wall's Boy Falls from a Tree.

digital

During the 1940s, a new style of film focusing on the dark side of the American dream, called ________, originated in Hollywood.

film noir

The cast aluminum work Corporate Wars: Wall of Influence by artist Robert Longo is an excellent example of a

high-relief sculpture.

Art made with a combination of different materials, such as a photomontage, is referred to as

mixed media.

One of Russian filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein's major contributions to film was his skilled use of ___ to heighten the dramatic intensity.

montage

Eadweard Muybridge is best known for photographing people and animals in

motion.

When a work of art, such as "Theo van Doesburg's Composition (The Cow)", shows no reference of images, it is called

non-representational.

Janet Echelman's "Her Secret is Patience" illustrates how creativity can be expressed with

nontraditional materials such as, fiber, steel, and lighting.

Madonna and Child with the Chancellor Rolin, by Flemish artist Jan van Eyck, is an excellent example of a(n) _____ painting.

oil

Sabatino "Simon" Rodia, the artist who created Nuestro Pueblo (Our Town; commonly known as the Watts Towers), did not have zany professional art training. This type of artist is often recognized as a folk or

outsider artist.

Pastel, charcoal, Conte crayon and ___ are types of dry drawing media.

pencil

After perfecting the photographic process, Louis Daguerre was able to include _____ in his photographs, as seen in his 1839 photo Le Boulevard du Temple.

people

Film depends on a phenomenon called ______, in which the human brain retains a visual image fro a fraction of a second longer than the human eye records it, making everything we see continuous and uninterrupted.

persistence of vision

Romare Bearden made "Rocket to the Moon", paid tribute to the richness of the African American experience through

photomontage.

Julia Margaret Cameron's Paul and Virginia is an example of how many nineteenth-century photographers were influenced by ______, in choosing to photograph her subject in a close-up shot and with carefully controlled lighting to enhance the atmosphere.

portrait painters

Children are inherently creative. Yet, recent research show that many children begin to doubt their creativity about the age of nine or ten years. In contrast, creative people, be they artists or CEO's of major corporations,

retain their creativity into adulthood.

Although color photographic film was available to artists in the early twentieth century, many preferred black-and-white film because it was less expensive and less susceptible to technical problems, and because color prints

tended to fade over time.

Nicola Lopez's Blighted is an example of a contemporary artwork that combines printmaking techniques to create an installation that expresses the artist's memories of

the attacks of September 11, 2001

The term used to describe the "fool-the-eye" realism of William Hamett's painting "A Smoke Backstage" is

trompe l'oeil.

A sculpture that is not freestanding but projects from a background surface is in relief. In high-relief sculpture, the projection from the surrounding surface is slight. As a result the carving is shallow and the shadows are minimal.

true

Julio Gonzalez was the sculptor who first used the welding torch for his metal sculptures.

true