Art History Quiz 4

Crystal Palace Sir Joseph Paxton 1851

- Combinations of: *prefabricated cast iron *laminated wood *standard sized glass sheets - Paxton created the "ridge-and-furrow" roof design - victorian style - Impressed by the low cost proposal, the committee accepted Paxton's innovative plan - purpose: showcase the latest technologies and innovations from around the world

Brooklyn Bridge John Washington & Emily Roebling 1867-83

- appears gothic due to pointed arches - purpose: needed a bridge between brooklyn and manhattan since too much water traffic - of caisson foundation used as bridge piers - manhattan side was problematic since it was deeper than brooklyn so caisson had to be longer on that side

Willow Tea Rooms Charles R. Mackintosh & Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh 1903-04

- art nouveau style - ladies' tearoom to the front of the ground floor - general lunch room to the back and a tea gallery above it - decoration of the different rooms was themed: light for feminine, dark for masculine - Room de Luxe was the most extravagant of the rooms *featured a vaulted ceiling with a full-width - Margaret designed the interior design and furniture

Church of the Sagrada Familia Antoní Gaudí begun 1883

- conception of the church was based on the traditions of Gothic and Byzantine cathedrals - 18 towers represent significant Christian figures and gospels, center tower for Jesus - express Christian belief through the architecture and the beauty of the building and communicate the message of the Evangelists - verticality of the structure is to symbolize elevation towards God - the 3 facades represent Jesus' Passion, Death, and Resurrection

The Opéra Charles Garnie 1861-75

- considered Second-Empire Beaux-Arts style - axial symmetrical plan - sculptural ornamentation to emphasize buildings purpose - grand foyer has mixed elements from different eras *mirrors mimic Hall of Mirrors in the Louvre - grand staircase is of french masonry with projections coming off the second floor in order to emphasize the auditorium

Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Frank Gehry 1991-97

- deconstructionism style - the randomness of the curves are designed to catch the light - interior is designed around a large, light-filled atrium that serves as the organizing center of the museum - exhibition space is distributed over 19 galleries *10 follow a classic orthogonal plan

Bauhaus Walter Gropius 1925-26

- glass curtain wall suspended in front of the load-bearing framework defines the exterior of the workshop wing *openly shows the constructive elements - created the impression of lightness through glass surface that overlapped the edges - separated the parts of the building according to their functions and designed each differently - arranged the different wings asymmetrically

Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright 1936-38

- incorporated a rock outcropping that projected above the living room floor into his massive central hearth, further uniting the house with the earth - no walls facing the falls, only a central stone core for the fireplaces and stone columns - bending a trellis beam to accommodate a pre-existing tree - inspired by European Modernist style

Seagram Building Ludwig Mies van der Rohe & Philip Johnson 1956-58

- international style - expresses the structure of building externally through use of glass - Mies believed that building's structural elements should be visible - built of a steel frame, from which non-structural glass walls were hung - used non-structural bronze-toned I-beams to suggest structure instead

Salk Institute Louis Kahn 1960-64

- international style - symmetrical plan *two structures mirroring each other separated by an open plaza - commissioned to design the Salk Institute - separation of the laboratories and the individual study spaces was intended, establishing the different activities

Sainte-Geneviève Library Henri Labrouste, 1838-50

- lack of real architectural ornaments - leafy garland band above the windows on the first level exterior nearly identical to the band on the Pantheon as gesture of respect to its neighboring monument - names of famous authors inscribed on the building's facade (importalizing France's great writers) - spacious reading room with cast iron umbrella ornamented with sun and moon - gas lights so people could read at night

Notre-Dame-du-Haut Le Corbusier 1951-55

- main structure consists of thick masonry walls *curved to improve stability and provide structural support - gap underneath roof allows a sliver of light to filter into the interior - deep wells have bits of stain-glass - represents a key shift away from the form of Modernism that Le Corbusier displayed in his earlier projects

Robie House Frank Lloyd Wright 1907-09

- mimic the midwestern landscape of (Prairie style): *horizontal lines *low-pitched roof *incorporation of natural materials - art glass windows blended the boundaries between interior and exterior spaces - long bands of windows to maximize light filtration - incorporates brick and wood into their design

Kimbell Art Museum Louis I. Kahn 1966-72

- modern style - cycloid vault has gently rising sides that give the impression of monumentality without overpowering the visitor - porticos at the entrance first introduce the vault to the approaching visitor and demonstrate the form's versatility - rooms" were designed to relate to the visitor on an intimate level - natural light enters through narrow plexiglass skylights along the top of cycloid barrel vaults

Villa Savoye Le Corbusier 1929-31

- modernist style - free interplay between interior and exterior - spirit of horizontally - long bands of windows similar to Wright's Robie House - designed addressing his emblematic "Five Points" - simple metal railings to mimic the simplistic beauty of their presence on ships - each room related to the terraces providing natural light in almost every room - stands out and up from the landscape like the Parthenon

Eiffel Tower Gustave Eiffel 1889

- network of lines rather than planes - all the metal pieces of the tower are held together by rivets - designed for the World's Fair; supposed to be a temporary structure - radio antenna was placed on top making it economically beneficial for France

Vanna Venturi House Robert Venturi 1962

- postmodern style - went through six fully worked-out versions of the house - symbolic imagery of shelter through its exterior with its wide symmetrical gable like a classical pediment - interior is centered around the fireplace - effect intended was to make the exterior walls both walls and screens

Allegheny County Courthouse & Jail Henry Hobson Richardson 1883-88

- romanesque style - built around an interior courtyard *allowing natural light and fresh air to reach most of the building - roof is steep with dormers placed at all the corners - prison is connected to the courthouse by a bridge inspired by the Bridge of Sighs in Venice - complex was built of large rusticated blocks of granite

St. Pancras Station George Gilbert Scott 1862-68

- ruskinian gothic based off polychrome masonry - The roof is made up of a series of wrought iron ribs *influenced the design of Grand Central - platforms were raised on a deck, 12-17 ft higher than the adjoining roads - purpose: Midland Railway Company (MRC) could have a direct line into London

AEG Turbine Factory Peter Behrens 1908-09

- was to house the production of steam turbines - steel-frame rectangular structure - new classicism that expressed the industrial advances that were reshaping contemporary life - monumental iconic façade with hexagonal logo for the AEG was to become the company's corporate face