Art History Terms and Questions

Emerging capitalism led to urban prosperity. This prosperity led to a growing interest in which of the following art types? a. secular portraits b. reliquaries c. small altarpieces d. church construction

A

How did Masaccio create a sense of bulk for his figures in the Tribute Money? a. through modeling with a specific light source outside the picture b. through modeling with a flat neutral light c. through modeling with an identifiable light source within the picture d. through modeling

A

In Leonardo's Last Supper, how did the artist break with traditional iconography? a. By the placement of Judas on the same side as Christ and the other Disciples b. By including the Magdalene in the role of servant c. By including the Virgin seated at the table d. By not including Judas at all

A

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the numerous preparatory sketches and studies he made for the work indicate how carefully he thought about this work as a complete entity representing the entire story and its theme. Based on this which of the following would describe Leonardo's conceptualization of the figures from his Last Supper? a. Each figure was individualized. b. He grouped the figures in threes and they all expressed the same emotion. c. He used the emotions of rage and sorrow for each figure appearing at each end of the table. d. All the figures expressed only rage.

A

In Martin Schongauer's engraving he created distinctions of tonal values and textures. He distinguished between skin and cloth, feather and fur. Which of the following is the title of Martin Schongauer's engraving? a. Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons b. The Crucifixion c. The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine d. The Adoration of the Shepherds

A

In Masaccio's Trinity, he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on observation. Which of the following is the other? a. It is the application of mathematics to pictorial organization of perspective. b. It is the use of antique elements as components of the work. c. It is the introduction of the donors into the context of the work. d. It is using architecture as a frame.

A

In Perugino's Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter, the artist has reminded the viewer of the link between Constantine, St. Peter, and the basilica of St. Peter. Which of the following is the vehicle used as that reminder? a. the triumphal arches in the background b. the Pantheon -like temple in the background c. the key dangling from Peter's hand d. the great marble piazza in the background

A

Increasingly artists of the High Renaissance paid particular attention to the subject's personality and psychic state. This could also be said to describe the portraiture of which of the following artists? a. Raphael b. Michelangelo c. Giulio Romano d. Cellini

A

Stoss Veit reveals the power of the Late Gothic style. Which of the following supports this statement? a. He created large carved wooden altarpieces b. He designed an elegant Book of Hours c. He created a detailed reliquary d. He painted an altarpiece devoted to the Last Judgment

A

The Dukes of Burgundy commissioned art to reinforce their status as rulers in their dynasty. Which of the following best supports this? a. The Dukes wanted to reinforce the view of power and sophistication b. The Dukes wanted to employ artists c. The Dukes wanted to provide art for trade d. The Dukes wanted to collect for the sake of collecting alone

A

The Hundred Years War involved primarily which two kingdoms? a. England and France b. Germany and France c. Italy and Germany d. England and Spain

A

The Portinari Altarpiece contains medieval pictorial devices, small scenes that stress the meaning and significance of the depicted event. Which of the following is one such medieval pictorial device? a. the Arrival of the Magi b. the Crucifixion c. the Baptism of Christ d. the Resurrection

A

The dome Bramante designed for St. Peter's in Rome would have resembled which of the following? a. Pantheon, Rome b. Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul) c. Florence Cathedral d. St. Mark's, Venice

A

Titian's Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne was most likely inspired by ____. a. Classical art b. the tradition of romance poetry c. the sermons of Savonarola d. Scholastic philosophy

A

What does the fountain created by Claus Sluter for the cloister of Chartreuse de Champmol symbolize? a. everlasting Life b. the Well of Moses c. flowing water d. the Dukes of Burgundy

A

Which of the following accounted for the interest in illusionism in French manuscript illumination? a. contact with Italy b. contact with Constantinople c. contact with Bruges d. contact with London

A

Which of the following describes the Medieval narrative method? a. presenting several episodes in a single frame b. presenting several episodes in sequential frames c. presenting several episodes in multiple round frames d. presenting several episodes framed by Doric columns

A

Which of the following is a manifestation of the commitment to private prayer? a. a Book of Hours b. a small Altarpiece c. the construction of small chapels in the city cathedral d. an illuminated Psalter

A

Which of the following was Philip the Bold of Burgundy's most significant commission? a. Chartreuse de Champmol b. Les Très Riches Heures c. Ghent Altarpiece d. Portinari Altarpiece

A

Which of the following was the most prominent patron of fifteenth-century Florentine art? a. Medici family b. Pazzi family c. Riccardi family d. Gonzaga family

A

Which sculptor believed that the artist must proceed by first finding the idea-the image-locked in the stone and then release it by chipping away the stone? a. Michelangelo b. Benvenuto Cellini c. Giovanni da Bologna d. Christoforo Foppa Caradosso

A

____ 8. The Sistine ceiling represents which of the following themes? a. the chronology of Christianity b. the history of the papacy c. the history of Julius II d. the chronology of the Early Christian Church in Rome

A

Donatello was commissioned to create five statues for the bell tower (Campanile) of Florence Cathedral. How did he design these figures in relation to the height factor? a. each figure bent from the waist and loomed over the viewer b. with subtly calculated distortions c. he made no adjustments at alld. with magnified distortions

B

How has Michelangelo portrayed David? a. At the moment of victory b. With stern watchfulness before the battle c. By celebrating the defeat of Goliath d. By watching Goliath die

B

In 1401 an important competition was held to determine the design of the Baptistery doors for the Cathedral of Florence. Even at this early date Renaissance traits were evident. Which of the following is one of those traits? a. adherence to the 14th century frameb. a new pictorial illusionismc. maintaining artist anonymityd. humility of civic pride

B

In Masaccio's Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden Adam's feet clearly come into contact with the ground. Which of the following is the interpretation for this? a. It marks the Original Sin. b. It marks the human presence on earth. c. It marks the direction the viewer must proceed in the chapel. d. It points the viewer toward the theme of Salvation and Redemption.

B

In the 15th century, the Dukes of Burgundy wielded power over which of the following counties? a. Bavaria b. Flanders c. Galicia d. Lombardy

B

Leonardo's style fully emerges in the cartoon, Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint John. Which of the following describes this work? a. The cartoon is ordered with pictorial logic reflecting the International Gothic style. b. The cartoon is ordered with pictorial logic and visual unity. c. The cartoon is ordered with the visual unity of the 15th century Flemish style. d. The cartoon is ordered with pictorial logic of Piero della Francesca.

B

One of the most important trading cities of fifteenth-century Netherlands was ____. a. Dijon b. Bruges c. Basel d. Amsterdam

B

Sluter's sculptural works can be characterized as ____. a. elegant, using sweeping curvilinear lines b. having little physical movement or weight shift c. typical of the "soft" style d. influenced by the style of Donatello

B

The Neo-Platonic ideals of the Medici circle were most congenial to the thinking of which of the following artists? a. Leonardo da Vinci b. Michelangelo c. Raphael d. Bronzino

B

The development of linear perspective is generally credited to ____. a. Donatello b. Brunelleschi c. Uccello d. Ghiberti

B

The duke of Mantua commissioned the frescoes of the Camera degli Sposi from Mantegna for which of the following purposes? a. To memorialize courtly life b. To create a visual expression of his authority c. To challenge the Medici as the leading patron of the arts in Italy d. to create a tribute to his wife

B

The fifteenth-century Italian artist whose work showed the most influence of the International style was ____. a. Masaccio b. Gentile da Fabriano c. Andrea del Castagno d. Pollaiuolo

B

The term terribilita is most often used to refer to ____? a. Leonardo da Vinci b. Michelangelo c. Raphael d. Andrea del Sarto

B

Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early fifteenth century? a. Venice b. Florence c. Siena d. Rome

B

Which artist painted groups of soaring figures on the dome of Parma Cathedral that seemed to ascend through rings of clouds into the sky itself? a. Andrea del Sarto b. Correggio c. Michelangelo d. Titian

B

Which city derived its wealth from banking and the wool trade? a. Dijon b. Bruges c. Munich d. Paris

B

Which of the following artists actively collected Classical sculpture? a. Nanni di Banco b. Ghiberti c. Brunelleschi d. Gentile da Fabriano

B

Which of the following artists was most interested in depicting the human body in violent action? a. Fra Angelico b. Signorelli c. Mantegna d. Perugino

B

Which of the following artists was the winner of the famous competition for the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery? a. Donatello b. Ghiberti c. Brunelleschi d. Nanni di Banco

B

Which of the following was the primary church for the Jesuits in Rome? a. St. Peter's b. Il Gesù c. San Giorgio Maggiore d. Santa Maria Maggiore

B

Which of the following would support the argument that the Well of Moses created by Claus Sluter did not actually spout water? a. There was no water source in the Carthusian monastery b. Carthusian commitment to silence would preclude any sound making device c. The Well of Moses was never finished, so it never worked d. The Well of Moses was not the actual device used to spout water.

B

Which painter created dynamic compositions, often by means of swirling clouds and fitful light? a. Giorgione b. Tintoretto c. Giovanni Bellini d. Raphael

B

Which two entities divided the Burgundian territories after the death of Charles the Bold? a. France and Spain b. France and the Holy Roman Empire c. England and France d. Rome and England

B

Who commissioned the Tempietto? a. Pope Julius II b. Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain c. Henry VIII of England d. Lorenzo de'Medici

B

His remarkable sense of color and his ability to convey light through color emerge in the altarpiece, Assumption of the Virgin. Who was this artist? a. Michelangelo b. Raphael c. Titian d. Giorgione

C

In Ghiberti's Isaac and his Sons from the east doors of the Baptistery, he arranged the figures in front of grandiose architecture. Which of the following architects stated, "the grandeur of the architecture reflects the dignity of the events shown in the foreground"? a. Michelozzo b. Brunelleschi c. Alberti d. Andrea da Sangallo

C

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the curved pediment above the head of Christ represents which of the following? a. the Parthenon b. pagan Rome c. a halo d. mere ornamentation

C

In Masaccio's Trinity there is a coffered barrel-vault reminiscent of which of the following? a. The Baths of Diocletian b. The Pantheon c. A Roman triumphal arch d. The Basilica of Constantine

C

In Masaccio's Trinity, the vanishing point can be found at which of the following? a. between the dove of the Holy Spirit and God the Father b. above the head of God the Father c. at the foot of the Cross d. on the face of the Crucified Christ

C

In the scene, Creation of Adam, from the Sistine Chapel ceiling God and Adam confront each other in the primordial void. Adam is part of the earth while the Lord transcends the earth. Which of the following interpretations best describes this depiction? a. the medieval interpretation of the event b. the Late Gothic interpretation of the event c. the humanist interpretation of the event d. the Italian 15th century interpretation of the event

C

Leonardo painted the Virgin of the Rocks, and it is said this work is a masterpiece in expressing emotional states. He modeled the figures with light and shadow-- a technique he learned from earlier works. Which 15th century Italian artist would have influenced Leonardo? a. Piero della Francesca b. Fra Angelico c. Masaccio d. Gentile da Fabriano

C

Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry like many Books of Hours contains a calendar. This section of this manuscript in particular depicts which of the following? a. courtly life b. the rosary c. seasonal tasks d. the ancestry of the Duc de Berry

C

Of the following, who was one of the most important Roman patrons of Michelangelo? a. Lorenzo de' Medici b. Federigo da Montefeltro c. Julius II d. Ludovico Sforza

C

Paul III convened the Council of Trent in 1545. It was part of which of the following? a. the Hundred Years War b. the League of Cambrai c. the Counter-Reformation d. the Hanseatic League

C

The Nuremberg Chronicle is a tribute to the new craft of the printed illustrated book. What was the content of the Nuremberg Chronicle? a. It was the history of Nuremberg b. It was the history of Germany c. It was the history of the world d. It was the history of the illustrated book.

C

The following phrase from Revelations, "pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb" is depicted in which of the following? a. Deposition b. Last Supper from the Holy Sacrament Altarpiece c. Altar of the Lamb from the Ghent Altarpiece d. Adoration of the Shepherds from the Portinari Altarpiece

C

The style of Ghiberti can be characterized as a rhythmic, unified system for depicting space. He is further credited with which of the following? a. heavy reliance on Medieval sculptural elements b. continued use of Gothic frames c. realism in characterization, movement, and surface detail d. posing his figures in the architectural space he created

C

What is an Arcadian reverie? a. Greek countryside b. Florentine countryside c. Idyllic place of rural, rustic peace and simplicity d. Elysian Fields

C

Which of Brunelleschi's buildings comes the closest to the centralized plan so loved by Renaissance architects? a. Ospedale degli Innocenti b. Palazzo Medici-Riccardi c. Pazzi Chapel d. Santo Spirito

C

Which of the following architects wrote influential treatises on painting and architecture? a. Brunelleschi b. Michelozzo c. Alberti d. Vitruvius

C

Which of the following artists departed from the rule of frontality that dominated sculpture since the Middle Ages? a. Piero della Francesca b. Paolo Uccello c. Pollaiuolo d. Andrea del Castagno

C

Which of the following artists specialized in images of the Madonna? a. Hugo van der Goes b. Rogier van der Weyden c. Hans Memling d. Jan van Eyck

C

Which of the following describes Ghiberti's use of the Medieval narrative method in his Baptistery panel? a. The figures on either side gracefully turn in opposite directions. b. The figures gracefully move in the same direction. c. The figures in varying degrees of projection and postures, move gracefully through a convincing stage space. d. The center figures point to the sides and include them in the dialogue.

C

Which of the following describes the style of Fra Angelico? a. lush and opulent b. scientifically precise c. simple and direct d. dynamic and complex

C

Which of the following individuals denounced humanist philosophy? a. Marsilio Ficino b. Piero della Francesca c. Savonarola d. Lorenzo de' Medici

C

Which of the following was NOT included in Jan van Eyck's Ghent Altarpiece? a. Adam and Eve b. God the Father c. Deposition d. Adoration of the Lamb

C

Which of the following was a dynastic symbol for the Dukes of Burgundy? a. Valois Castle b. Chateau Blanc c. Chartreuse de Champmol d. St. Bavo

C

Which of the following was one of the favorite compositional devices of painters of the High Renaissance? a. a flat triangle b. a trapezoid c. a pyramid d. an oval

C

Which of the following was the Dominican painter-friar who combined elements of the new style of art with traditional religious devotional works that did not conflict with the content of the works? a. Piero della Francesca b. Pollaiuolo c. Fra Angelico d. Fra Filippo Lippi

C

Which of the following works represented the beginning of the process of separating architectural sculpture from its architectural setting or niche? a. Bronze doors, Baptistery, Florence Cathedral b. Portal South Transept, Chartres Cathedral c. 13th century statues, West Front, Reims Cathedral d. Four Crowned Saints, Or San Michele

C

Who was Raphael's teacher? a. Bronzino b. Andrea del Sarto c. Perugino d. Signorelli

C

Ghiberti's competitive panel for the Baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on Ghiberti's panel? a. the drapery flowing from the body of Isaac b. the elongated S curve of Isaac's body c. the profusion of cloth puddled around Abraham d. the naked figure of Isaac

D

How did Michelangelo's David become a political statement? a. The sheer size of the work illustrated the wealth of Florence b. David was the patron saint of the Gonzagas c. The Pope contributed to the commission d. The placement of figure near the west door of the Palazzo della Signoria

D

How does Gentile da Fabriano reconcile the Adoration of the Magi with the current trends in Florentine Renaissance art? a. He included a classical nude in the predella scene of the Flight into Egypt. b. He used a "modern" architectural setting for the Adoration scene. c. The background scene of the Adoration is the classical Roman countryside. d. He depicted animals from a variety of angles and foreshortened their forms convincingly.

D

Hugo van der Goes's Portinari Altarpiece is characterized by which of the following? a. its joyful angels and muted colors b. an exclusive concern with formal problems c. a flat, gold background d. its rich colors and a somber mood

D

In Raphael's Stanza della Segnatura, he reconciled the philosophies and teachings of Plato and Aristotle. Which of the following have also been reconciled? a. Julius II and Lorenzo de'Medici b. Rome and Florence c. Rome and England d. Paganism and Christianity

D

In Riemenschneider's Assumption of the Virgin, the artist had successfully incorporated which of the following elements? a. Italian illusionism b. Byzantine spirituality c. Roman classicism d. Gothic intricacy

D

Michelangelo's fascination with the human body was a lifelong pursuit. In his David he presented a perfect body with an attuned mind, prepared and ready for action. Which of the following descriptions of this work would support this statement? a. It is a combination of Greek perfection and psychological insight. b. It is a combination of Hellenistic excess and restrained emotion. c. It is a combination of athletic tension and emotional excess. d. It is a combination of athletic tension and psychological insight.

D

Philip the Bold of Burgundy clearly understood the ramifications of the Great Schism. He recognized the dispute was not doctrinal but rather political. He eagerly entered into the fray because he was confident of his power and control. Which of the following did Philip the Bold support? a. the pope in Rome b. the king of England c. the king of France d. the pope in Avignon

D

The Classical principle of contrapposto, or weight shift, was reintroduced into Western art by the sculptor ____. a. Ghiberti b. Verrocchio c. Pollaiuolo d. Donatello

D

Which of the following accounts for the decline in the role Florence played in the support of the arts at the end of the 15th century? a. death of Lorenzo de' Medici b. incursion of the French armies c. death of Masaccio d. Savonarola's brief span of power

D

Which of the following artists secularized portraiture? a. Tilman Riemenschneider b. Dirk Bouts c. Hugo van der Goes d. Jan van Eyck

D

Who was dean of the painters' guild of Ghent and worked for Tommaso Portinari? a. Jan van Eyck b. Rogier van der Weyden c. Dirk Bouts d. Hugo van der Goes

D

Who was the noble patron who commissioned Les Très Riches Heures? a. Philip the Good b. Giovanni Arnolfini c. Tommaso Portinari d. Jean, Duke of Berry

D

Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride contains many symbols. Which of the following is an allusion to God? a. the dog b. the bedpost c. the whisk broom d. the mirror

D.

Annunciation (Merode Altarpiece)

Flemish Gothic Campin

Annunciation

Flemish Gothic van Eyck

Arnolfini Wedding Portrait

Flemish Gothic van Eyck

Descent from the Cross

Flemish Gothic van der Weyden

Portrait of a Lady

Flemish Gothic van der Weyden

Les Trés Riches Heures

French Gothic Limbourg Brothers

Birth of Venus

Italian Early Renaissance Botticelli

Primavera

Italian Early Renaissance Botticelli

David

Italian Early Renaissance Donatello

Gattamelata

Italian Early Renaissance Donatello

St. George

Italian Early Renaissance Donatello

Annunciation (Italian version)

Italian Early Renaissance Fra Angelico

Florence Baptistry door

Italian Early Renaissance Ghiberti