Art I, Art History Test 1

Francisco Goya

(1746 - 1828) Spanish Romantic painter; Famous for "Dark Portraits" like 'Saturn Eating his Son.' Known as the last great master and first modern artist.

Caspar David Friedrich

(1774-1840) German Romantic painter; Most famous German landscape artists. He had a tragic life. Painted composite and imaginary landscapes inspired by his homeland. Found nature as Spiritual,

John Constable

(1776-1837) English Romantic painter. Known as Britain's greatest landscape painter. He only painted the nature he knew best. He only got recognized at age 53 for his series of "six footers."

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

(1796-1875) French landscaper. Influence and member of the Barbizon school. Influenced by impressionism and plein air. Used soft strokes and luminous lighting. Influenced later artists.

Eugene Delacroix

(1798-1863) French Romantic painter. Inspired by politics, history, animals, nature, color, and emotion. He was a big influence to later artists.

Jean-Francois Millet

(1814-1875) European realism painter. Painted commoners with a light pallet and vigorous brushwork. Became famous after death. Influenced impressionism.

Adolph von Menzel

(1815-1905) German realism painter. Won many national honors. Made more than 10,000 works in his career. Painted the real world.

Gustave Courbet

(1819-1877) French realism painter. Painted class difference and ordinary yet dramatic scenes of life. Used the pallet knife to build up color and make the art look 3D.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

(1828-1882) British Pre-Raphaelite painter and founding member/poet. Inspired by literature. Painted mostly women. Lead the symbolism movement. Died of alcohol and drug abuse.

John Everette Millais

(1829-1896) British Pre-Raphaelite-brotherhood and founded in his home in London. Child prodigy, got into the Royal Academy at 11 years old.

Edourd Manet

(1832-1883) French realism/impressionist painter. Often paired black and white. Didn't paint plein air. Painted historic scenes and ordinary life. Known as the modern successor of the old masters.

Realism

A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be. Painted ordinary people in ordinary scenes.

Known for his series of "Black Paintings" ft. nightmarish subjects and religious and mythological figures?

Francisco Goya

Who is considered the art of the great masters and first modern artist.

Francisco Goya

Who portrayed common people with a personal connection to their way of life.

Jean-Francois Millet

Whose fondness for natural surroundings and obsession with weather phenomena like clouds was the focus of their work?

John Constable

whose religious subject painted was given a harsh review by Charles Dickens?

John Everette Millet

Which art movements approach was that art should not concern itself with other subjects, such as religion, literature, or history?

Romanticism

Pre-Raphaelites

These English artists dissatisfied with the Industrial Revolution shaped a new style reminiscent of pre-Renaissance art (specifically Italian 14th/15th century.)

Romanticism

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

Whose work was new subject matter because it was absent of human figures?

Adolph von Menzel

Barbizon School

An association of French naturalist landscape painters, c. 1840-70, who lived in the village of Barbizon and who painted directly from nature. Theodore Rousseau was a leader; Corot and Millet were also associated with the group.

Who showed their longing for spiritual life beyond the grave and greatness in his art?

Caspar David

What artist favored subjects like church ruins, foggy cemeteries, and moonlit forest landscapes often featuring a figure facing away from the viewer.

Caspar David Friedrich

Who was seen as the modern successor of the old masters?

Edouard Manet

Whose renaissance representation of Venus is considered one of the most influential paintings on the history of modern art but also seen as absent of modesty at its time?

Edouard Manet

Whose artwork of commoners burial was seen as scandalous for its mundane subject and grand scale?

Gustave Corbet

What artist often painted elegant women, horse races, and psychiatric paintings

Theodore Gericault

Qualities of Romanticism

The rural landscape, the idealization of humble life, use of natural description to generate a mood. Saturated colors. Belief that art is its own branch and not connected with religion or history.

Naturalism

a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail. Least possible distortion and subjective interpretation.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

organized in 1848, wished to create a fresh and sincere art form from what they considered a tired and artificial art sponsored by the academies. Young artists rebelling against the royal academy.