Art Through the Ages - Chapter 18

CHARACTERISTICS OF MANNERISM

-Odd/awkward poses -distortions of figures for aesthetic effect rather than expressive effect -unusual color combinations -combining architectural elements in unusual ways -artist's model became the work of other artists

Great Iconoclast

A band of Calvinists destroyed art works in Catholic churches in the Netherlands.

anamorphic image

A distorted image recognizable only when viewed with a special device such as a cylindrical mirror or by looking at the painting at an acute angle.

Struggle against the Turks

A reference to this event inspired "Battle of Issus"

Fall of Man, Durer

Adam and Eve stand in poses reminiscent of specific classical statues of Apollo and Venus.

a map in the Nuremberg Chronicle

Albrecht Altdorfer derived his landscape depiction in the Battle of Issus from _________.

Battle of Issus, Altdorfer

Artist derived his depiction of this landscape painting from a map from the Nuremberg Chronicle

Cranach

Artist most closely associated with the Protestant Reformation and with Martin Luther - provided the illustrations for Luther's vernacular Bible.

Hans Holbein

Artist who excelled at portraiture.

CARAVAGGIO

Artist who sought to represent everything as he saw it.

Baldung

Artist who was fascinated by witchcraft.

Garden of Earthly Delights

Bosch's most famous painting - a large triptych which is his most puzzling work - without any acceptable interpretation. Central theme of sex and procreation - may commemorate a wedding.

Bosch

Bruegel's "Netherlandish Proverbs" is reminiscent of the topsy-turvy scenes by _______.

Villa Rotonda

Chateau de Chambered is similar to _______.

Witches' Sabbath

Chiaroscuro Woodcut by Baldung

Isenheim Altarpiece

Complex and fascinating polyptych reflecting Catholic beliefs and incorporating several references to Catholic doctrines.

Butcher's Stall, Aertsen

Considered the first still life, although Mary is on a donkey in the background

Albrech Duhrer

Created "Knight, Death and the Devil"

Grunewald

Created Isenheim Altarpiece

Hagenauer

Created the carved wood shrine which holds Isenheim Altarpiece

October 31, 1517

Date that Luther's 95 Theses were nailed to the doors of the Catholic Church

Battle of Issus, Altdorfer

Depicts the military campaign against the Turks

Joachim Patinir

Described by Duhrer as a good landscape artist.

Spain

Dominant power by the end of the 16th Century

Philip II

During the second half of the 16th century, ________ controlled the Netherlands (king).

Holbein

Dutch portraitist who sometimes did things in miniature.

Spain

El Escorial is in this country.

Durer

Erasmus praised this artist as "The Apelles of black lines"

Self-Portrait, Durer

Evokes medieval devotional image of Christ - right hand resembles but does not duplicate Christ's standard gesture of blessing in Byzantine icons.

Holbein

Excelled as a portraitist - the King's Painter who produced numerous portraits of King Henry VIII.

Isenheim Altarpiece

Features saints associated with the plague and other diseases and with miraculous cures.

Durer

First northern European artist to leave a record of his life and career through his correspondence, a detailed diary, and a series of self-portraits.

Classical representation of the Three Graces

Godesses in Cranach's "Judgment of Paris" are loosely based on ______________.

Durer's "Fall of Man"

Gossaert's Neptune and Amphitrite was inspired by this work.

EL GRECO

HIS ART IS CHARACTERIZED BY FIGURES WITH ELONGATED ARMS AND LEGS, PAINTS DARKLY AT FIRST, THEN CREATES LAYERS OF LIGHT.

Iconoclasm

Hostile Protestant concern about the role of religious imagery - Martin Luther spoke of destroying these images. This also occurred during the Byzantine period.

financial transactions

In "Money-Changer and His Wife" by Quentin Massys, the artist warns that ________ are a distraction from religious life.

burst of light on the horizon

In Duhrer's "Melencolia I", the ________ is an optimistic note suggesting that the artist can overcome depression.

buildings in detail

In El Greco's "View of Toledo", the artist departed from Renaissance painters by not painting ________.

Francis I

In the 16th century, power was focused on the king. This monarch made a concerted effort to elevate his country's cultural profile by inviting esteemed Italian artists to his court.

The French Ambassadors, Holbein

Included in this painting is an anamorphic image of a skull.

Book of Hours

Influenced Bruegel's "Hunters in the Snow"

Bosch

Leading Netherlandish painter of the EARLY 16th Century.

Durer

Like Leonardo, this artist wrote theoretical treatises on a variety of subjects, including perspective, fortification, and the ideal in human proportions.

Luxembourg, Holland, and Belgium

Made up the territory of the Netherlands in the 16th century.

REALISM

OPPOSITE OF IDEALISM

Altwerp

One of most important cities in the Netherlands.

Altdorfer

One of the first to draw and paint landscapes as subjects in their own right.

Bruegel

Painted "Peasant Wedding", "Peasant Dance", "Blind Leading the Blind"

Althorfer

Painted first true landscape that exists just for being the land

Clouet

Painted portrait of Francis I

Battle of Issus

Painting that discusses history and is epic

Garden of Earthly Delights, Bosch

Painting that warns of a fate awaiting the sinful, decadent, and immoral. A medieval study of seemingly magical chemical changes (alchemy).

Four Apostles, Durer

Painting which includes quotations from the New Testament that warn against the coming of perilous times and the preaching of false prophets who will distort God's word.

Money-Changer and His Wife, Massys

Painting which is a commentary of Netherlandish values and mores - warns of the distraction of financial transactions.

Four Apostles, Durer

Painting which is compared to Konrad Witz's treatment of Peter in "Miraculous Draft of Fish" - a commentary on the limited powers of the pope.

Bosch

Pessimistic artist reflecting the pessimism of his time

LAOCOON

STATUE THAT INFLUENCED MICH'S "MOSES"

memento mori

The anamorphic skull in Holbein's "The French Ambassadors" is an example of a ________ __________.

Durer

The first artist north of the Alps to understand fully the basic aims of the Renaissance in Italy.

Fall of Man, Durer

The first ddistillation of Durer's studies of the Vitruvian theory of human proportions.

Caterina van Hemessen

The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by whom?

Albert Durer

The most famous northern European artist of his generation and one of the greatest printmakers of any era.

Mannerism

The personal tastes of the court of Francis I ran to the elegant, erotic, and unorthodox. What style would most appear to this king and his court?

Judgment of Paris, Cranach

The source for this painting was probably the elaboration of the Greek tale in Roman times by Lucian.

Pieter Bruegel

Traveled to Italy yet chose not to incorporate classical elements into his work

Gossaert

Vasari claimed that "_________was almost the first to bring from Italy into Flanders the true method of MAKING SCENES FULL OF NUDE FIGURES"

Durer

Wrote the principles of perspective in German for German artists

chateau model

central unit with two wings

French Ambassadors, Holbein

featured an anamorphic skull

genre scene

paintings of daily life

Chateau model

square central with towers flanking either side, then another wing extending on each side.