ASL Review Cumulative
Locating Small Objects
(Triangle Shape) -Identify what room object is in -Identify what part of the room it is in -Continue to narrow down -Point to where it is located
Brief History of Deaf America
-1817 Laurent Clerc (National Royal Institution for the Deaf in Paris) comes to U.S. to help Thomas Gallaudet, starts America's first school for Deaf in Hartford Con. -Graduates from ^ established other residential schools in other states -1864, first university for the deaf established by Charter signed by President Lincoln (Now Gallaudet University) -1880 International Congress on Education of the Deaf in Milan, Italy adopted a resolution banning SL in teaching deaf children. "Oral Method" of teaching gained momentum. -1880 NAD founded in Cincinnati Ohio. -1900-1960 "Dark Ages" for Deaf history. Deaf Clubs -1901 National Fraternal Society of the Deaf formed to provide insurance to Deaf people -1960's TTY (1964), RID (1964), Linguistic Study of ASL (1965- William Stokoe), NTD (1967), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (1976),
What is American Sign Language?
-A language capable of expressing abstract ideas -A language utilizing space and movement to convey meaning
Describe Patterns on 3D Shapes
-Background 1st -Color 2nd -Pattern 3rd
War Reasons for Migration
-Food Storage, supplies, destruction -Avoid draft/military
What is valued in the Deaf Community?
-For community to govern their own affairs -Being kept informed about the community and its members -To have a sense of social obligation and duty to the group -To develop long term relationships
Giving Directions
-General location -Identify a starting point -Give specific directions from starting point
Family Nationality
-Generation -Full (blood) -100% -Strong (predominately) -Conflict (mixed, mutt) -Half, (2H) half, 1/4, 1/8, little bit
(2h) C hand shapes face down
-Kitchen Island -Counter Top -Sink Cabinet -Sofa
Continuous*
-Morning, afternoon, day, night, week, month, hour, up-till now
Economic Reasons for Migration
-No Money -Natural Disasters -Better opportunities (chances) in other countries -Slave or Indentured servants
Persecution Reasons for Migration
-Not free to worship/attend church -Not allowed to express thoughts/opinions about government -Not allowed to choose job they want/ travel -Oppressed/killed because of race, religion, beliefs
Transitions Between Events (Grammar)
-Pauses -When Clauses -Time signs indicating a period of time
Cross-Cultural Communication
-Pen and Paper -Gesturing -Lipreading and speech -Adapting signs to others -Using a third person to interpret
Open B hand shape (classifiers)
-Pictures on walls -window/mirrors -Cabinet doors -Table/ bed (flat down)
Patterns for Describing Shapes
-Plaid -Speckled -Polka Dotted -Flowery -Striped -1 and 2 lines -1 and 2 bands -Zig zag -Spiral
When Identifying People...
-Point out the person and describe their most noticeable characteristics -Make sure your listener knows who you're talking about. -Height, body type, color of hair, hairstyle
Language Tools for Telling Family History
-Possessive Pronouns -Listing -Contrastive Structure
Open A hand shape
-Vase -Potted Plant -Table Lamp
What is considered rude by Deaf people?
-Watching a signed conversation -Talking (using voice) in the presence of Deaf people
Life events --> sequencing events?
-be-raised, go-up-years, sell house, travel, #back, arrive, license, take -up test, pass/fail,
Describe a room (Grammar)
-identify the room and begin description from the doorway -Describe shape of room, if unusual or relevant -identify the furniture or features in the room starting with the most noticeable -After identifying each furniture, indicate its location in the room or in relation to the previous thing mentioned
Non Manual Signs for Describing Shapes
-oo (small) -mm (medium) -Cha (large)
Among ASL signers, fingerspelling is mainly used to:
-to specify brand names -to give names to people and places
Numbers: 67-98
67, 68, 69, 78, 79, 89- Twist up to higher number 76, 86, 87, 97, 98- Twist down to lower number
ASL is used most often by Deaf people in which countries?
Canada and the United States
Describe Shapes (3D)
DCL -Size -From Different Perspectives -Sphere, curved-disk, cone, cylinder, cube
DCL
Descriptive Classifier- used to describe people, places, things, objects. Described without the use of signs -Sphere, curved-disk, cone, cylinder, cube
Fs-
Fingerspell the word
Historically, ASL is related to ___?
French Sign Language
#
Indicates a lexicalized Sign
Agreement Verbs
Incorporating subject into the sign. Movement agrees with the location. AKA: Inflecting Verb. (Who did what to Whom?) -tell, ask, inform -Indicates the subject and object by changing the direction
ICL
Instrument Classifier- used to act out the object described; how it works, or is handled. Used without signs
When Meeting a Deaf Person
It is appropriate to sign you name (followed by name sign if you have one), then if you're related to a deaf person, how and when did you learn ASL, where from? Dead or HoH?
If your path is blocked by two signers conversing with each other, you should:
Go ahead and walk through
" "
Quotes around a lowercase word= gesture like sign
Ordinal Numbers
Order in a series -1-9th Make twist with wrist towards body -10 and up same form as cardinal number and added TH at the end
PO
Position
(2h)
Stands for "two-handed" and is used when one handed signs are used with two
(wh)
Stands for non-dominant hand (weak)
SCL
Semantic represents a category of nouns: Vehicle/Person etc.
TOSV?
Sentence Structure: Time, Object, Subject, Verb, Question
Spacial Agreement
Talking about a third person: Set up the right location and use proper pronouns and inflections -Third person present: use actual location -Third person absent: use established location
To get the attention of a Deaf person who is looking the other way, you should:
Tap him/her on the shoulder
Life events --> Changes?
Unexpected changes -wrong (suddenly, unexpectedly), drop-out/quit, laid-off, burn-down, be-lost, accident, fired
Plain Verbs
Verbs cannot change movement or orientation to reflect the subject/object -borrow, help, show -Stare, study, practice, write -Specify the subject and object
Spatial Verbs
Verbs signed to space -where, show
LCL
Locative represents an object in a specific place (maybe movement)
In general, the LEAST effective communication strategy between Deaf and hearing people is:
Speech and lipreading
When referring to age in a life event...
Referring to age, eyebrows go up and head slightly tilts. -age, year-old, offer him, remarried, enroll, graduated,
When talking about life events:
Referring to other events, eyebrows __ and head tilts -Fall-in-love, go-steady, they-two, later-on, #killed (kiled), Move-away
++
indicates a repetition of the sign and plural words
Family Reasons for Migration
-Divorce/Marriage -Better Education -Better Medical Care
Why do people migrate?
-Economic reasons -Persecution -War -Family Reasons
Textures of Describing Objects
-Bumpy -Dented -Warped -Very Smooth -Shiny -Very Solid -Soft -Fuzzy
Bent V hand shape
-Chair (face down)
Weekend Activities
-Clear transitions and continuity
ASL makes use of the space in front of a signer's body to:
-Convey distance -Contrast two people, places, things, or ideas -Express time concepts
ASL is traditionally handed down from generation to generation through:
-Deaf family members -Residential Schools for the Deaf
Inflections for Temporal Aspect
-To show who did what to whom -To show how something is moved from one location to another -To show manner of movement
Approximately what percent of Deaf people who marry are married to other Deaf people?
90%
Story(17): Uncoding the Ethics
A deaf man noticed his neighbor digging a hole in his yard and buried a bag. The deaf man didn't think the money bag was hidden well so he moved it to a safer place. The hearing man checked on his money and saw that it was gone and saw footprints leading to his deaf neighbors house. He hired an interpreter. The interpreter found out the bag contained $20K. They walked over and the hearing man demanded to know where his money was. After explaining why he moved it and where it is. The interpreter didn't reveal the hiding spot to the hearing man. In the end, the interpreter is the only one who was left alive to take the money.
+
A plus sign used between two words in a glossed sentence is used for both compound signs and contractions. -two signs= one word
Story(15): Dead Dog
A woman got back from her flight to find that her dog wasn't on the plane with her. The flight attendant says that the dog is probably on the other flight and they will call her once it gets there. Once the second plane arrives and they find the dog, they find the dog dead. So they spend $300 to buy a dog that looks exactly like hers and dress it up the way her dog was and call her with this new dog. She gets there and asks what happened to her dog. They play dumb and she tells them that her dog was dead.
Cha
Abnormally large or big
oo
Abnormally small, or thin
Clock Numbers
Add a short pause between the hour and the minute -First sign TIME, then the number indicating the hour -
BCL
Body Classifier- Body enacts the verb of the sentence, role shifting
BPCL
Body Part Classifier- specific part of the body does the action
CL
Classifier
-cont.
Continuous inflections of verbs
Story(16): Reveille
Deaf people used to wake themselves up by -having someone shake their bed -A string and pulley system -Tightly holding an old fashion alarm clock while they sleep -Slats are hinged together then attached to the head of the bed. When the alarm goes off they would slam shut -A string is tied to one person's wrist and the other person in the bed next to them holds the other end. When the alarm goes off under the second person's pillow they wake up the first person. -A ball and shelve system
IX-Dir
Directions
ECL
Element Classifier- elements of earth usually made with either the 5 hand or the 1 hand.
While watching another person sign, it is appropriate to focus on the signer's:
Face
The role of facial expressions, head movements, and eye gaze in ASL is primarily:
Grammatical
Hs
Handshape
Uninflicted Form
If the problem, activity, or situation has only occurred once -Sign verb once
Continuous Inflection
If the problem, activity, or situation occurs continuously with little interruption -Sign verb with a repeated circular movement
Recurring Inflection
If the problem, activity, or situation occurs frequently or regularly. -Sign verb with several repetitions
IX-Loc
Location
LOC
Location
Other than the word "Deaf," a culturally appropriate way to identify Deaf people would be to say they are:
None of the above. Deaf is the only acceptable term.
mm
Normal, average or ordinary
Noun v. Verb Difference
Nouns are "signed" twice, Verbs are "signed" once -Chair v. Sit
Fixed Objects
Objects have a "fixed" position Can't move
Non-fixed Objects
Objects that are portable and unattached to any surface.
Perspectives:
Page 92
PCL
Plural, indicates either specific number or non-specific number
C Hand shape- side ways
Shape and orientation -Refrigerator -Dishwasher -Dresser -Long, thin windows -Built-in oven -Grandfather Clock
Classifiers
Specific handshapes used to represent nouns according to their shape. -Tell where things are located
Story(14): Final Exam
Students fill a classroom and have two hours to take their math final. As the hours go by, students turn in their exam and leave. After two hours, one student doesn't turn his test in. The professor goes and tells him he didn't turn in the test and the boy asks him if he knows his name. The teacher says no then the boy shoves his test in with the rest of the papers.
Story(13): Exploring A Cave
They were in the cave all day because they were lost
Money Number Signs
Three ways to sign -
! !
Used for Emphasis
-
When words are separated by a hyphen, they are one sign not two