Aspects of Communication
Cultural
Our cultural background and community shape our worldview and how we interpret others way of life.
Experimental
Our past experiences influences how we see the present.
Women not being able to go out alone in public in some countries is an example of a(n) _____ culture influence on perception.
Culture
Selection
Deciding to focus on some stimuli and ignore others.
Interaction Model Example
Exchanging emails with a coworker Engaging in a question-and-answer session with a speaker
Misremembering the way events actually happened is an example of what type of influence on perception?
Experimental
The physical and chemical aspects of our body that affects our perception include our weight, the amount of caffeine in our system, the quality of sleep we get during the night, if we are sick or unable to focus.
Experimental
Transaction Model of Communication
Face to face communication with immediate feedback. Message goes both ways, sender being a receiver, and vice versa.
How can creating false memories of a past event mislead us in our perception of something?
False memories impact our perception because we believe an event happened a certain way and then act in a positive or negative way based on these memories.
What term describes an individual's worldview, which impacts how that person perceives and responds to communication?
Frame of reference
Carter sees a man stumbling around the park. He assumes the man is drunk and is about to pass him by when he remembers how hot it is out. He stops and realizes the man is severely dehydrated and needs medical attention. What perceptual error did Carter narrowly avoid making?
Fundamental Attributing Error
Which choices indicate the roles that a receiver has in the communication process?
Give feedback to the sender and filter a message through a particular frame of reference.
In considering job applicants, how do employers view having good communication skills?
Good communication skills make up one of the most desirable qualities in a job applicant.
What does attribution determine in the perceptual process?
How we explain our perceptions
What are reflected appraisals?
Is the self-image we might create based on how others see and evaluate us.
Linear/Action Model Example
Issuing a company press release Mailing a birthday card
Which statement about self-concept is correct?
It influences communication.
Factors that influence our perception
Psychological, physiological, social, cultural, and experimental.
Which stage of the perceptual process involves "sizing up" people—in other words, choosing to talk to a person or avoiding him or her?
Selection
Components of Perceptual Process
Selection, Organization and Interpretation
Selective Perception
Selectively perceiving what we wish to see.
A speaker thinks the audience is not paying attention to her presentation because they are sleepy from having just eaten lunch. Which perceptual error is the speaker making?
Self serving bias
If a person believes she is an excellent communicator, which self-construct is she basing that belief on?
Self-concept
What are the elements of self-serving bias?
Self-worth, self-presentation, and self-esteem
The reflected appraisal process focuses on which category of factors?
Social factors
Linear or Action Model of Communication
Straight line. A sender sends a message to receiver. Sending an invitation via mail.
Message
The ______ is the content of the communication such as a text message.
Channel
The ______ is the medium for the message, such as a video or text messaging app.
Feedback
The ______ is the response from the receiver to the sender such as your response to a friend's text.
Context
The ______ is the situation such as planning birthday party.
Receiver
The ________ is the recipient of a message.
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to monitor the feelings and emotions of yourself and others, to discriminate among these feelings, and then use this information to guide your thinking, behavior, and actions.
Sender
The communication process starts with a ________ such as a friend texting you.
Organization
The grouping of stimuli into meaningful units or wholes.
Nevin asks Reynaldo if he got tickets to a concert next week. Reynaldo shakes his head no. What model of communication does their interaction follow?
The interactive model
Physiological
The physical and chemical aspects of our body that affects our perception include our weight, the amount of caffeine in our system, the quality of sleep we get during the night, if we are sick or unable to focus.
Psychological
The physical and chemical aspects of our body that affects our perception include our weight, the amount of caffeine in our system, the quality of sleep we get during the night, if we are sick or unable to focus.
Frame of reference
The sender and receiver each have their own frame of reference or set of beliefs, values, or views that are used to make judgements, influencing how the text message is sent and received.
What is fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to attribute other people's behaviors to internal rather than external causes
Leila texts Micah to ask if his party starts at 8 p.m. or 9 p.m. Micah texts her back to tell her to come any time after 8 p.m. but realizes that he forgot to ask her to bring her chili cheese dip. He uses FaceTime to video chat with her. She smiles in response to his request and says, "Of course I will make the dip!" She also asks him how much to bring. Which model of communication is represented by their exchanges?
The transactional model
Social
These include our assumptions made about others based on factors such as appearance, gender, group membership, and social roles and norms.
What is the primary objective of interpretation in the perceptual process?
To assign meaning to stimuli
What is the main goal of understanding and applying emotional intelligence?
To help you be a good communicator.
Select all the communication models that include feedback.
Transactional and interactive models.
Interactive Model of Communication
Two way communication traffic. Sender is also receiver of the messages, and the receiver a sender. Text messages represent this model.
Interference
_______ is anything that disrupts the communication such as a failed delivery of a text message.
Hearing or reading a message is part of the process of ______, or assigning meaning to a received message.
decoding
In public speaking, the speaker uses words, images, gestures, and facial expressions to convert the idea into something listeners can understand. This is the ______ process.
encoding
How you rate your value and worth as a person is known as your self-_____
esteem
Self-regulation and empathy are key aspects of emotional _______.
intelligence
The fundamental attribution error can be described as the tendency to attribute other people's behaviors ______ to causes.
internal
The final stage of the perceptual process is
interpretation, interpreting, or interpret
Kari writes an email and sends it to her cousin. This is an example of the ______ model of communication.
linear/action
Leaving a message on a client's voicemail system is an example of the ______ model of communication.
linear/action
The second stage of the perceptual process is
organization, organizing, or organize
Carlos is legally blind, and this influences how he perceives certain situations. Carlos's sight impairment is an example of a ______ influence.
physiological
What type of influences cause emotionally-based differences in our perceptions?
psychological
You arrived to work 90 minutes late because you got a flat tire. All day you felt mentally exhausted and slightly defeated, which affected your ability to do your job. What type of influence on perception does this demonstrate?
psychological
Alfonso is the youngest person in his nursing program. During breaks between classes, Alfonso sits alone because he worries he has little to contribute to conversations with the older students in the program. What is influencing Alfonso's perception?
psysiological differences
You perceive yourself through your ______.
self-concept
In the perceptual process, we select information to move forward to the next step based on which of the following?
sensory information
A role is an example of a(n) _____ influence on perception.
social
Halo Effect
Allowing an impression created in one instance to influence opinion in another.
What is attribution?
An explanation of an observed behavior
Stereotyping
Applying characteristics assumed to belong to one member of a group to all members of that group
Interpretation
Assigning of meaning to stimuli.
Fundamental Attributor Error
Attributing other people's behavior to internal rather than external causes.
How is attribution concerning the behavior of others related to communication?
Attribution errors lead to inappropriate responses in communication.
Transaction Model Example
Conversing with a group of friends at a party Arguing with several family members
In American culture, tipping at a restaurant is acceptable and even expected in some situations. What is this an example of?
Cultural Norm