Assignment Pre Work: Energy Drinks Module 2

Select all of the processes that occur within the digestive tract. Multiple select question. Break down food to access its nutrients Filter out wastes from the bloodstream Removes undigested waste materials from the body Provides nutrients and water to the body Pump nutrient-rich blood throughout the body

Break down food to access its nutrients Removes undigested waste materials from the body Provides nutrients and water to the body

Catalysts ________ (raise/lower) the activation energy of a chemical reaction, allowing it to proceed more quickly or to occur at all.

lower

Lipids are digested within the small intestine and nutrients are absorbed into the _____ for transport to the lymphatic system. interstitial fluid lymphatic capillaries blood capillaries large intestine

lymphatic capillaries

You The processes that increase the surface area of food so chemical digestion is more efficient are collectively referred to as ________ digestion.

mechanical

The collective processes that break down and increase the surface area of food so that nutrients can be better digested are collectively referred to as hydrolysis reactions. dehydration synthesis reactions. chemical digestion. mechanical digestion.

mechanical digestion.

A collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task is called a(n) ______

organ

A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common task is called a(n) _______ system.

organ

Most digestive enzymes are nucleic acids. lipids. carbohydrates. proteins.

proteins.

During protein digestion, _____ are broken down into _____, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported for use elsewhere in the body. fat globules; monoglycerides and free fatty acids proteins; chylomicrons proteins; amino acids polysaccharides; monosaccharides

proteins; amino acids

Which of the following enzymes breaks down lipids within the small intestine? Maltase Trypsin Peptidase Lipase Amylase

Lipase

Which of the following enzymes work to break down carbohydrates within the digestive system? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. Trypsin Lipase Peptidase Maltase Amylase

Maltase Amylase

Select all of the following organs that are a part of the digestive system. Multiple select question. Thyroid gland Heart Pineal gland Mouth Small intestine Stomach

Mouth Small intestine Stomach

Which of the following organs are part of the digestive system? Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder Kidney, ureters, bladder, and urethra Trachea, bronchi, and lungs Brain, spinal cord, and all nerves

Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

Which class of energy nutrients do most digestive enzymes belong to? Disaccharide Lipid Polysaccharide Protein Monosaccharide

Protein

True or False: Nutrient molecules, including proteins, can be broken apart into individual amino acids, which can then go on to form other proteins again.

True

During feedback inhibition, a. the product at the end of the pathway has the ability to turn off the enzyme. b. ribozymes cleave DNA at specific sites, preventing its synthesis into protein enzymes. c. the enzymes are structured so that they can only be used once before they denature. d. All of these are components of feedback inhibition.

a. the product at the end of the pathway has the ability to turn off the enzyme.

Substrates bind to the _________ site of an enzyme.

active

The enzyme _____ is responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates like starch and glycogen during digestion, while the enzyme _____ is responsible for breaking down the resulting disaccharide maltose. amylase; lactase amylase; maltase trypsin; pepsidase lipase; amylase

amylase; maltase

Which of the following best defines an organ? a. The smallest unit of all living things Reason: This better defines a cell. An organ is a collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task. b. A collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task Reason: This is correct. An organ is a collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task. c. A collection of bones and muscles that aid living organisms in life processes. Reason: Organs do not have to include bones or muscles. An organ is a collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task. d. A collection of cells that have a similar structure and function. Reason: This better defines tissues. An organ is a collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task.

b. A collection of tissues that work together to accomplish a common task

True or False: Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions, so a steady supply is needed. a. True This statement is false. Enzymes are not used up in chemical reactions. They do not change during the reaction and can be reused. b. False

b. False

Select the methods that are used by the body to regulate the function of enzyme activity within the digestive system. Multiple select question. a. Sending the immune system to deactivate enzymes when they are no longer needed b. Providing an optimal environmental pH for the necessary enzyme(s) c. Changing the temperature of the body to prevent enzyme functioning d. Providing an optimal environmental temperature for the necessary enzyme(s)

b. Providing an optimal environmental pH for the necessary enzyme(s) d. Providing an optimal environmental temperature for the necessary enzyme(s)

Which of the following descriptions best describes chemical digestion? a. The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules by adding water b. The collection of processes that regulate the salt concentration of the bloodstream c. The collection of processes that break down nutrients into smaller units through enzymatic reactions d. The collection of processes that increase the surface area of food so chemical digestion is more efficient

c. The collection of processes that break down nutrients into smaller units through enzymatic reactions

After a substrate is used in an enzymatic reaction, it _____ be used again. The enzyme _____ be used again. cannot; cannot can; can cannot; can can; cannot

cannot; can

Enzymes are _____, meaning they speed up the rate of chemical reactions. metabolites catalysts nutrients vitamins

catalysts

The processes that use enzymes to break down nutrients into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream are collectively referred to as mechanical digestion. dehydration synthesis reactions. hydrolysis reactions. chemical digestion.

chemical digestion.

During enzymatic reactions, a. substrates bind to the active site on an enzyme. b. the activation energy of reactions is lowered, allowing the reaction to occur more rapidly. c. products are released and the enzyme continues to catalyze more reactions. d. All choices are correct.

d. All choices are correct.

The overall goal of the ________ system is to break down nutrients to be used elsewhere in the body.

digestion

Each reaction in a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by a(n) substrate. reactant. ATP molecule. enzyme.

enzyme.

Protein molecules that speed up, or catalyze, chemical reactions are called

enzymes

The goal of the digestive system is to break down polymers into monomers that can be reused elsewhere in the body. The molecules responsible for chemically breaking down these polymers are called

enzymes

The regulating process where the product of an enzymatic pathway has the ability to temporarily turn off enzyme activity is called enzymatic inactivation. enzyme regulation. feedback inhibition.

feedback inhibition.

True or False: Enzymes will work efficiently, regardless of environmental conditions.

False

True or False: Once an enzyme is used to catalyze a chemical reaction, it cannot be used again in other reactions.

False

Which of the following is one of the main functions of the digestive system? a. Filtering wastes from blood and releasing them from the body b. Sending chemical messages throughout the body to control life processes c. Ingesting nutrients and breaking them down into smaller molecules that can be used elsewhere for life processes d. Transporting nutrients throughout the body

Ingesting nutrients and breaking them down into smaller molecules that can be used elsewhere for life processes

Which of the following best describes an organ system? All of the organs in a specific location of the body A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common goal A group of tissues that work together to accomplish a common goal A group of cells that work together to accomplish a common goal

A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common goal