AST 201
According to the reading by Tyler 1964, what do the corn maidens represent? a. Basic Food Crops b. Constellations c. Stars d. Meats e. Tribes
a. Basic Food Crops
According to Schulz 2005, which constellation is considered the most highly ordered constellation? a. Dilyehe b. Gah Hahat'ee c. Yikaisdaha d. Hastiin Sik'ai'ii e. Atse Etsoh
a. Dilyehe
According to Monroe and Williamson (1987), the seven stars of Dilyehe are the Hard Flint Boys, who are doing what? a. Playing a game of dodge and shoot as they pass through the night sky. b. Dancing in a religious ceremony. c. Running from a bear across the night sky. d. Learning the stories of their culture.
a. Playing a game of dodge and shoot as they pass through the night sky.
Based on the reading by Smithson and Euler 1994, where did the Sun live according to the Havasupai? a. Sunset Crater b. San Francisco Peaks c. Havasu Canyon d. Grand Canyon North Rim e. Oak Creek Canyon
a. Sunset Crater
Based the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, which of the following is not a layer in the Sun's outer atmosphere? a. The Radiative Zone b. The Chromosphere c. The Photosphere d. The Corona
a. The Radiative Zone
According to Miller (1997), the Navajo used the Rabbit Tracks constellation to determine when to hunt. When was it permissible to hunt again? a. When the constellation moved into a more horizontal position after twilight. b. When the constellation appeared vertically after twilight. c. When the constellation set in the pre-dawn hours. d. When the constellation rose in the pre-dawn hours.
a. When the constellation moved into a more horizontal position after twilight.
According to the Lecture Slides, what is the Navajo name for the Milky Way? a. Yikaisdaha b. Gah Hahat'ee c. Nahookos Bika d. Atse Etsoh e. Hastiin Sik'ai'ii
a. Yikaisdaha
According to Miller (1997), when the Creators made the months, what did they assign to each to announce its arrival? a. A feather or headdress b. A bird c. An animal for hunting d. A weather pattern e. A seed basket
a. A feather or headdress
According to the section on the Great Star Chant in "Navajo Heavens" by Griffin-Pierce 1992, the Star People and specific constellations can also be depicted in sandpaintings in which form? a. Human b. Water c. Weather d. Bird e. Animal
a. Human
According to Aveni (1997), the method of inserting extra days or months into the calendar is called what? a. Intercalation b. Calendar Expansion c. Extracalation d. Corrective Calendarization
a. Intercalation
According to the Lecture Slides, where in the sky should you look to see Canopus? a. Just above the Southern Horizon when the meridian runs between Sirius and Betelgeuse b. As the upper left shoulder of Orion c. it is the brightest star in Casseiopia d. Revolving around the North Star as one of the "pointer stars" in the Big Dipper e. Rising in the East one hour after Sirius
a. Just above the Southern Horizon when the meridian runs between Sirius and Betelgeuse
According to the lecture slides, the Aboriginal peoples of Australia saw which animal in the dark cloud constellation of the Milky Way? a. Dingo b. Emu c. Wombat d. Koala e. Kangaroo
b. Emu
Based on the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, the Sun's energy is generated from Hydrogen being fused into which element? a. Carbon b. Helium c. Iron d. Oxygen
b. Helium
Based the reading by O'Bryan 1929, Which tribe imagines the Sun created from a heated piece of turquoise? a. Havasupai b. Navajo c. Hopi d. Zuni e. Hualapai
b. Navajo
Based on the reading by Tyler 1964, the Sun Father had two sons, Paiyatemu and Pautiwa. What were their respective roles? a. Pautiwa was brave and gave rise to the Warrior clans; Paiyatemu was wise and gave rise to medicine man societies b. Paiyatemu was humorous and gave rise to the clown societies; Pautiwa was more serious and gave rise to the Kachina societies c. Paiyatemu was brave and gave rise to the Warrior clans; Pautiwa was wise and gave rise to medicine man societies d. Pautiwa was humorous and gave rise to the clown societies; Paiyatemu was more serious and gave rise to the Kachina societies
b. Paiyatemu was humorous and gave rise to the clown societies; Pautiwa was more serious and gave rise to the Kachina societies
According to Williamson 1987, the traditional Navajo have a different relationship with the sky than their Pueblo neighbors. What did the Navajo depend on most heavily to regulate their calendar? a. Sun b. Stars c. Planets d. Moon e. Animals
b. Stars
According to Monroe and Williamson (1987), upon entering a hogan the appropriate way to enter is by walking in which direction? a. Moonwise, to the West b. Sunwise, to the South c. Moonwise, to the North d. Sunwise, to the North
b. Sunwise, to the South
According to Miller (1997), the Mescalero Apache believe that the Milky Way/Scattered Stars remind them what? a. That it is important to know the time to plant crops, lest they have no harvest. b. That it is important to get along with one another, lest they contribute to disharmony in the world. c. That it is important to hunt deer, lest they go hungry. d. That it is important to care for their elders, lest they forget the lessons of the past.
b. That it is important to get along with one another, lest they contribute to disharmony in the world.
According to the reading from Tyler 1964, the Hopi believe that the Sun has which two powers? a. Prosperity and War b. War and Fertility c. War and Famine d. Fertility and Prosperity
b. War and Fertility
According to the reading by Griffin-Pierce (1992), "Hooghan and the Stars," which of the following is NOT one of fours ways in which a sandpainting - often with constellations - is used to assist in a healing (hint - pp. 114-116) a. it attracts supernaturals and their healing power b. it gives the patient a more positive view of their situation c. it creates a ritual reality in which supernaturals an patient interact d. it identifies the patient using the healing power of supernaturals e. it absorbs the sickness from a patient seated on it
b. it gives the patient a more positive view of their situation
According to Zeilik (1985), what is the mean difference between actual (astronomical) and celebratory dates for the Hopi and Zuni winter and summer solstices? a. 0.75 days b. 1.6 days c. 2.5 days d. 3 days e. 7 days
b. 1.6 days
According to Aveni (1997), the Sun passes through the zenith at all latitudes between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn how many times each year? a. 4 b. 2 c. 1 d. 8
b. 2
According to Miller (1997), how many primary Navajo constellations are there? a. 12 b. 8 c. 15 d. 2
b. 8
As discussed in the lecture slides, which of the following is a traditional Inuit explanation for the Aurora? a. Solar Wind particles slamming into the upper atmosphere b. Spirits playing football with a walrus skull c. A mountain sheep that got stuck on a high mountain and was turned into the aurora d. Refraction of Sunlight above the North Pole
b. Spirits playing football with a walrus skull
According to the lecture notes, what stellar properties are plotted in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram? a. Mass vs Radius/Diameter b. Color vs Distance from Earth c. Absolute Magnitude/Luminosity vs Spectral Type/Temperature d. Distance from Earth vs Spectral Type/Temperature e. Size vs Temperature/Spectral Type
c. Absolute Magnitude/Luminosity vs Spectral Type/Temperature
According to the reading by Smithson and Euler 1994, who accompanied Lion to the Sun's house? a. Badger and Coyote b. Squirrel Brothers and Elk c. Coyote and the Squirrel brothers d. Elk and Badger
c. Coyote and the Squirrel brothers
Based on the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, which 2 features are seen in the photosphere? a. Prominences and Solar Flares b. Granules and Prominences c. Granules and Sunspots d. Sunspots and Solar Flares
c. Granules and Sunspots
Based on the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, which best describes the cycle of sunspot activity? a. There are no spots most of them time, but they reappear for a brief period every 22 years b. The number of spots is constant with random bouts of activity c. The number of spots increases to a maximum and the declines to a minimum over a time period of 11 years d. The spots are usually absent, but suddenly appear during the onset of a magnetic storm
c. The number of spots increases to a maximum and the declines to a minimum over a time period of 11 years
According to the reading by Griffin-Pierce (1992), "Hooghan and the Stars," what did the first people emerging on to earth's surface have to do to bring order into the world? a. Make the Sun b. Cook a meal c. Build the first hooghan d. Place the stars e. Banish Coyote
c. Build the first hooghan
According to Williamson 1987, Black God reached into his pouch, drew out crystals, and carefully placed them in the sky. He started with which constellation and moved in which direction? a. Rabbit Tracks, Counter-Clockwise b. Revolving Female, Counter-Clockwise c. Man with Feet Ajar, Clockwise d. Revolving Male, Clockwise e. Slender First One, Clockwise
c. Man with Feet Ajar, Clockwise
According to the lecture notes, which Spectral Type represents the most massive stars? a. F b. K c. O d. G e. M
c. O
The chapter by Tyler 1984 discusses the "duality" of the year in Pueblo calendars. To what does the "Battle of the Seasons" refer? a. The battle between spring and fall b. The battle between winter and spring c. The battle between winter and summer d. The battle between fall and winter e. The battle between the equinoxes
c. The battle between winter and summer
According to the lecture slides, Gah Hahat'ee is a Navajo constellation associated with which modern constellation? a. The Horns of Taurus b. The belt of Orion c. The tail of Scorpius d. The trapezoid of Corvus e. The Handle of the big Dipper
c. The tail of Scorpius
According to Miller (1997), in Navajo ceremonials, what is the more important aspect of the constellations? a. Their exact size b. Their exact configuration c. Their healing power d. Their exact position
c. Their healing power
According to the article by Zeilik 1985, from what location are sunwatching observations typically made? a. The highest elevation point visible from the Pueblo b. A distant mesa c. Within or close to the Pueblo d. Anywhere e. From a kiva with a special opening for sunlight
c. Within or close to the Pueblo
According Williamson 1987, what is the origin of Ma'ii Bizo' (Coyote star) in Navajo Legend a. Black God placed it out of Coyote's reach b. Coyote threw it randomly into the sky c. Black God forgot to return it to his pouch d. Coyote carefully placed it to the south e. Coyote was banished by Black God to the Heavens as a "star"
d. Coyote carefully placed it to the south
According to the reading by Monroe and Williamson (1987), how did Black God demonstrate his power to the other gods of creation? a. He chased the seven sisters until they climbed Devil's Tower which grew in height and spirited them into the sky b. He set a star in the far south opposite the "North Fire" c. He flung stars randomly into the heavens d. He stamped his foot 4 times until a small group of stars lodged along his temple
d. He stamped his foot 4 times until a small group of stars lodged along his temple
Based on the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, where is the Sun's energy generated? a. The Photosphere b. The Corona c. The Radiative Zone d. The Inner Core e. The Chromosphere
d. The Inner Core
According to the reading by Tyler 1964, from which day is the Zuni ceremonial calendar for the following year calculated? a. Summer Solstice b. Vernal Equinox c. Autumnal Equinox d. Winter Solstice
d. Winter Solstice
According to the reading by Tyler 1964, Which tribe believed the Sun was not created by always existed? a. Navajo b. Hualapai c. Havasupai d. Zuni e. Hopi
d. Zuni
According to the Big Stars section in "Navajo Heavens" by Griffin-Pierce 1992, when stars are the main theme of the painting, how are they depicted? a. Lozenge-shaped or square-bodied b. Circular c. Four or eight pointed d. a & c e. b & c
d. a & c
According to Miller (1997), when are Navajo ceremonials held? a. On the equinoxes b. On the summer solstice c. On the winter solstice d. As needed
d. As needed
As discussed in the lecture slides, the Aurora Borealis (or northern lights) is a broad display of faint colorful light in the northern skies at night. What is the main cause of these lights? a. The Sun's electromagnetic energy in the x-ray wavelength band interacts with the cold polar air to cause the air to glow. b. The Coriolis effect leads to friction between particles in the atmosphere which produces light. c. The changing tides create the lights in the polar regions of Earth. d. Charged particles from the Solar Wind enter Earth's atmosphere along magnetic field lines and collide with atmospheric gases, causing them to glow.
d. Charged particles from the Solar Wind enter Earth's atmosphere along magnetic field lines and collide with atmospheric gases, causing them to glow.
According to Williamson 1987, the stars are made of crystal and the source of their shine is what? a. Reflected Moon light b. Reflected Sunlight c. Each star is a hearth of a hogan d. Each constellation has its own igniter star e. Coyote
d. Each constellation has its own igniter star
According to Zeilik (1985), what are the two purposes of Puebloan sun watching? a. Determine the gender of unborn children and establish the optimal times for hunting b. Predict optimal times for war and establish the religious ceremonial calendar c. Set the times for specific crop plantings and establish the optimal times for hunting d. Establish the religious ceremonial calendar and set the times for specific crop plantings
d. Establish the religious ceremonial calendar and set the times for specific crop plantings
According to the lecture notes, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram contains a line around which the stars present are still burning hydrogen in their cores. What is this line called? a. White Dwarfs b. Horizontal Branch c. Red Giant branch d. Main Sequence
d. Main Sequence
As discussed in the lecture powerpoint, which of the following is the best explanation for Earth's Seasons? a. Global Circulation of warm and cool currents have an annual cycle b. The Sun alternately gets hotter and cooler during the course of a year c. Earth's distance from the Sun changes as it moves through its orbit. Summer occurs when Earth is closer, Winter when it is most distant d. The Earth's axis is tilted compared to its orbital axis and the hemispheres alternately point toward and away from the Sun in the course of its orbit
d. The Earth's axis is tilted compared to its orbital axis and the hemispheres alternately point toward and away from the Sun in the course of its orbit
According to Williamson 1987, why are comets or shooting stars seldom used in ceremonies of healing? a. They are too infrequent to be reliable b. They were known to be ineffective against most maladies c. They are working with Coyote to increase chaos in the world d. They were understood to be abnormal and acting contrary to the ordered laws of nature e. Their spirits were collaborating with known sicknesses
d. They were understood to be abnormal and acting contrary to the ordered laws of nature
According to Tyler (1984), which of the following is true of the Hopi calendar? a. It divides the year into unequal parts b. Roughly divides the year into winter and summer c. Gives May and November the same names d. a and b e. b and c
d. a and b
Based on the reading by O'Bryan, which of the following characters did NOT play an important role in the Navajo account of the creation of the Sun? a. Turquoise Boy b. First Man c. Black Yei d. First Woman e. Coyote
e. Coyote
According to the reading by Tyler 1964, what is the purpose of the Hopi "Soyal" ceremony? a. To honor the Kachinas as they return from their winter abode b. To ask the kachinas for a prosperous harvest at the planting of bean seeds. c. To honor the Sun and turn him back at Summer Solstice d. To honor the Kachinas as they leave Hopi to return to their winter abode e. To honor the Sun and turn him back at Winter Solstice
e. To honor the Sun and turn him back at Winter Solstice
According to Zeilik (1985), when does the Zuni pekwin start observations prior to winter solstice? a. 40 days b. 14 days c. 60 days d. 7 days e. 28 days
e. 28 days
According to the reading by Monroe and Williamson (1987), what was Coyote's contribution to the stars in the night sky? a. He strategically placed stars in constellations to provide teaching to humans b. He randomly scattered stars everywhere c. He place a single star far to the South d. A and B e. B and C
e. B and C
According to "Navajo Heavens" by Griffin-Pierce 1992, within a sacred sandpainting several time periods are collapsed into a single moment. Which is NOT one of those time periods? a. The first time the ceremony was given on earth by the Holy People b. The moments marked by the occurrence of mythic events that lie outside the narrative of the specific ceremonial being performed. c. The moment in which the commemorated episode occurred in the accompanying chantway myth d. The present moment, that of the actual ceremony e. The next time the ceremony will be given on earth
e. The next time the ceremony will be given on earth
According to the reading by Monroe and Williamson (1987), what does Black God say is the reason for star patterns or "constellations?" a. To function as a clock at night-time b. None - they are random patterns c. To provide Navajo deities with a resting place in the sky d. To function as a calendar e. To provide Humans on Earth with rules to live by
e. To provide Humans on Earth with rules to live by
According to the lecture notes, what is the end-product of post-main-sequence evolution for stars like our Sun? a. Neutron Star b. Red Dwarf c. Black Hole d. Brown Dwarf e. White Dwarf
e. White Dwarf
According to Figure 2.6 in the chapter by Aveni (1997), see below, how do sunrise positions on the horizon change with seasons in the northern hemisphere? a. They rise from a due east position (azimuth angle 90 degrees) at equinox b. They rise from a position south of east (azimuth greater than 90 degrees) at summer solstice c. They rise from a position north of east (azimuth less than 90 degrees) at summer solstice d. a and b e. a and c
e. a and c
According to Figure 2.5 in the chapter by Aveni (1997), see below, how does the Sun's daily path change with the seasons in the far Northern Hemisphere? a. In summer, the Sun reaches a higher position at solar noon. b. In winter, the Sun reaches a higher position at solar noon. c. In summer, the Sun reaches a lower position at solar noon. d. In winter, the Sun reaches a lower position at solar noon. e. a and d f. b and c
e. a and d
According to the chapter by Aveni (1997), what is the job of a Zuni Pekwin? a. Follow the zenith position of the sun with a "gnomen" as it changes throughout the year. b. Follow the horizon position of sunrise as it moves throughout the year from a sun watching station. c. Keep a calendar on the wall of his house d. a and b e. b and c
e. b and c
As discussed in the lecture powerpoint slides, which effect(s) cause the temperature to drop in northern hemisphere winter? a. The Earth is farther from the Sun b. Nights are longer c. The Sun is lower in the sky d. a and b e. b and c
e. b and c
