Astronomy FINAL Review, 2021, 10G, MA.
1. What is the diameter of the Milky Way? 2. What's is its width/thickness (in light years)?
1. 100,000 light years across 2. 1,000 light years
At night stars rise _____ minutes later every night than the same star does the night before. This causes the movement of the Sun and planets along the _______________ to appear to travel through the Zodiac constellations.
1. 4 2. ecliptic
The map of the sky was developed by _________________, but is also used by _________________ to navigate around the sky.
1. astrologers 2. astronomers
Gravity governs stars _________________ and _______________.
1. birth 2. death
Most _________ __________ asteroids are found between Mars and Jupiter?
1. main 2. belt
To support the Big Bang theory, we can take a look at the ______________ of the galaxies and to the __________________________________ as evidence for the theory of the Big Bang.
1. redshift 2. Cosmic Microwave Background
Stars, like our Sun, live about how many years?
10 billion years
In a spacecraft traveling 20,000 miles per hour, how long would it take it to reach the nearest star?
141,000 years
The comet Halley can be seen from Earth about how many years?
76 years (or so)
Radio waves travel at the speed of light. How long would it take to get a radio signal to Proxima Centauri and back?
8 years
There are ____ officially recognized constellations in the entire sky.
88
What is the constellation Andromeda named after?
A princess
What is the Crab Nebula a remnant of?
A supernova explosion
Name the 13 constellations of the Zodiac!
Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Capricorn Aquarius Pisces Ophiuchus
What is the main difference between asteroids and meteoroids?
Asteroids are larger (at least 1km or larger to be considered and asteroid)
What do astronomers use to measure the distance between planets?
Astronomical units (AU)
The Sun is only one of the _____________ of stars in the Galaxy. A. Millions B. Billions C. Trillions
B. Billions
Why can't we see the Milky Way Galaxy from outside of it?
Because it's too far away from our Solar system. We are inside the Galaxy and we can't travel that fast (yet).
Why do comets develop tails?
Because the Sun vaporizes material from the comet's nucleus.
What is the most recognizable red giant star visible in the sky?
Betelegeuse
A well-known star grouping that can be used to help you find other constellations in the sky is called the _______________________?
Big Dipper
The hottest stars are primarily what color?
Blue
What are the stars that are close to the celestial poles? They are up all night and do not rise or set.
Circumpolar stars
_____________________ are groupings of stars in the sky that are easy to recognize and have been given names.
Constellations
Meteor showers are largely due to...
Dust grains left behind in the orbits of comets.
True or False? As the Earth moves around the Sun in its yearly orbit, the constellations we see in the night sky DO NOT change throughout the year.
False!
True or False? It is possible to see shooting stars while standing on the surface of the moon.
False!
True or False? The Sun will eventually become a black hole.
False!
True or False? The constellations from Earth and Mars DO NOT look the same, because they are very far distant.
False!
True or False? Astrology and astronomy are considered equally valid sciences.
False! However, they do share common roots.
The many galaxies in the universe are huge collections of what?
Gas, dust, and stars
Where is the Big Dipper found?
In the northern sky.
What is the "zodiac"?
Is a band of constellations where the Sun, Moon, and planets are always found.
What is the Big Dipper?
Is a group of stars that can be used as a star clock to tell time at night.
What is a light year?
Is the distance light travels in a year.
What is Andromeda?
Is the name of the galaxy in our galactic neighborhood.
What is the zenith?
Is the point in the sky which is directly overhead.
What will happen to the Sun when it runs out of fuel by the end of its lifetime?
It will eventually become a white dwarf.
What is toutatis?
It's an asteroid that came close to Earth.
The distance between stars is measured in ___________________?
Light years
What is the next closest galaxy to us? (After the Sagittarius Dwarf Spherodial)
Magellanic Cloud
___________ is the property which governs the ultimate fate of any star.
Mass
What is the correct name for a "shooting star"?
Meteor
When a meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere is becomes a ______________.
Meteor
What are stars born in?
Nebulas
Does light move fast enough to escape black holes?
No!
Most comets orbit the Sun in a region of the outer solar system called the _______________?
Oort cloud
The coolest stars appear ___________ in color.
Orange
The constellation _____________ is seen in the Northern Hemisphere in the winter months.
Orion
The north star or _____________ can be used to find your latitude in the Northern Hemisphere.
Polaris
What is our closest neighboring star?
Proxima Centauri
What are asteroids mostly made out of?
Rock & metal
What constellation is best seen in the summer in the northern hemisphere?
Sagittarius
What was the name given to the nearest galaxy?
Sagittarius Dwarf Spherodial
Name the following "universe stuff" from smallest to largest! Filaments Sheets Super clusters Galaxy clusters Galaxies Star clusters Stars Planets
Smallest to largest: Planets, Stars, star clusters, galaxies, galaxy clusters, super clusters, sheets and filaments
What is the name of the line (on an H-R diagram) where most stars fall called?
The Main Sequence
Why does the tail of a comet always point away from the Sun?
The Sun's solar winds are so strong.
What does the redshift show?
The expansion of the universe.
What was the Big Bang?
The name of the event that scientists believe was the beginning of the universe.
What would happen if a comet's tail collided with Earth?
There would be no noticeable effects.
True or False? From the surface of Pluto, our familiar constellations would look moderately different from Earth.
True!
True or False? From the surface of a planet orbiting a star 1000 light years away, our familiar constellations would be completely unrecognizable.
True!
True or False? Only massive stars can produce neutron stars and black holes.
True!
True or False? The Earth has been struck numerous times by comets and asteroids.
True!
True or False? The brightest stars in the sky are not necessarily closest to our Sun, some are just really big and bright.
True!
True or False? The stars in a constellation are moving away from each other, and lie at greatly different distances from the Sun.
True!
USE SLIDE 4 ON REVIEW FOR DIAGRAM! Label the 3 parts of a comet. Nucleus Tail Coma
Use image on slide 4 to check your answers!
What is the brightest asteroid see from Earth?
Vesta
After a supernova explosion a _________________ is born.
neutron star
The universe appears to exhibit much large- _____________ structure.
scale
Because stars are extremely far away, they look like...
tiny points of light.
How close is the Sun from the center of our Milky Way Galaxy? List a fraction!
two thirds (2/3)