Astronomy test 3

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absorption

a low density, cool gas in front of a hotter source of a continuous spectrum creates a dark line or a...? its the suns atmosphere

temperature

cannot tell luminosity without what

doppler shift

caused by "radial" motion. there will be a shift in the spectral lines of an object if it is moving.

acceleration

change in speed change in direction

force decreases

distance increases

energy at all wavelengths

each object outputs

x-rays and gamma rays

earths atmosphere completely blocks

radio waves, visible light

earths atmosphere lets through

infared and UV

earths atmosphere partially blocks

luminosity

energy output over the entire star

microwave

a grain of sugar is about the same size as the wavelength of...

radio wave

A mountain (1km) is about the same size as the wavelength of...

continuous

A solid glowing hot object will emit light over the full range of wavelengths resulting in a ____________________ spectrum.

E

An important line in the absorption spectrum of stars occurs at a wavelength of 656nm for stars at rest. Imagine that you study five stars (A-E) from Earth and discover that this absorption line is observed at the wavelength shown in the below for each of the five stars. Which star is moving the fastest toward the observer?

Slow towards us: Star A, Fast towards us: Star E

An important line in the absorption spectrum of stars occurs at a wavelength of 656nm for stars at rest. Imagine that you study five stars (A-E) from Earth and discover that this absorption line is observed at the wavelength shown in the below for each of the five stars. Which stars are moving the fastest towards us?

X-ray wavelengths are longer compared to gamma rays

How do X-ray wavelengths compare to gamma ray wavelengths?

Infrared photons have less energy compared to ultraviolet photons

How does the energy of infrared photons compare to ultraviolet photons?

Infrared light has the same speed compared to microwave light

How does the speed of infrared light compare to microwave light?

absorption spectrum

If a diffuse (low density) and relatively cool cloud of gas is located between a glowing hot object and an observer, what type of spectrum will the observer detect?

absorption

If the Hubble Space Telescope were looking at a distant star, the light from that star would produce which type of spectrum?

Greatest A D B C Least

Imagine you are comparing four electric hot plates (A - D) of different sizes and temperatures. The temperature of each hot plate is indicated by a shade of gray such that the lighter the shade of gray, the higher the temperature of the hot plate. Rank the total energy output or luminosity (from greatest to least) of the hotplates.

A

In the above picture, the starship's probe sends a pulse which contains all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum in a uniform amount. Which is the graph of the pulse sent from the spaceship.

Radio Waves

Longest wavelength, lowest energy, and lowest frequency

Very Large Array

New Mexico, more telescopes=more detailed, radiowaves things (VLA)

black body curve

a curve of their radiation at all wavelengths is called

D

Shown are four absorption line spectra of stars. The short-wavelength (blue) light is on the left-hand side of the spectrum, and the long-wavelength (red) light is on the right-hand side. Which of these stars is moving the fastest toward the observer?

C

Shown are four situations (A-D) where two asteroids are near each other (d=distance, m=mass). Which of these has the weakest gravitational force between them?

F

Star A and F are the same brightness. Which star is bigger?

decreases and the peak shifts to the right

The blackbody curve for an object at T = 2,000 K is shown in the figure. For an object of the same size, if the temperature is lowered to 1,500 K the area under the curve

increases and the peak shifts to the left

The blackbody curve for an object at T = 2,000 K is shown in the figure. For an object of the same size, if the temperature is raised to 2,500 K the area under the curve

blue

The blackbody curve for an object with a temperature of 30,000 K is shown. To an observer, this object would appear

c

The figure shows the motion of four distant stars (A - D) relative to a stationary observer (telescope). The speed and direction of each star is indicated by the length and direction of the arrows shown. In addition, their spectra (1 - 4) as seen from Earth are shown. Assume that the left end of each spectrum corresponds to shorter wavelengths (blue light) and that the right end of each spectrum corresponds with longer wavelengths (red light). Which star is Spectrum 3?

Moving fastest toward A C D B Moving fastest away

The first spectrum shown below is of an element as it appears in a laboratory here on Earth. In addition, the spectra of four stars (A - D) as seen from Earth are shown. Assume that the left end of each spectrum corresponds to shorter wavelengths and that the right end of each spectrum corresponds with longer wavelengths. Rank the speed of the stars from moving fastest toward the Earth to moving fastest away from Earth.

c

The first spectrum shown below is of an element as it appears in a laboratory here on Earth. In addition, the spectra of four stars (A - D) as seen from Earth are shown. Assume that the left end of each spectrum corresponds to shorter wavelengths and that the right end of each spectrum corresponds with longer wavelengths. Which star is moving away from us the fastest?

b

The first spectrum shown below is of an element as it appears in a laboratory here on Earth. In addition, the spectra of four stars (A - D) as seen from Earth are shown. Assume that the left end of each spectrum corresponds to shorter wavelengths and that the right end of each spectrum corresponds with longer wavelengths. Which star is moving towards us the fastest?

D

The graph illustrates blackbody curves for different stars. Which of the stars has the lowest surface temperature?

a

The graph illustrates blackbody curves for different stars. Which of the stars is the smallest?

absorption spectrum

The observer viewing with the perspective of the arrow in the diagram would see a(n)

star b

The three spectral curves shown illustrate the energy output versus wavelength for three unknown stars A, B, and C. Which of the stars is giving off the most Energy Output per second?

continuous

What type of spectrum is produced by the inner hot layer of the photosphere of a star?

absorption line

What type of spectrum would you see if you use a telescope to collect light from a star and spread it out with a prism?

Neither graph

Which of these graphs shows Stars A and B correctly?

more mass

less acceleration

more acceleration

less mass means more what

lower the frequency and energy

longer the wavelength...

redshift

longer wavelength, star moving away from observer

red

longest wavelenght color

energy

proportional to frequency

higher the frequency and energy

shorter the wavelength...

blueshift

shorter wavelength, star moving twoard observer

violet

shortest wavelenght color

Speed of light

speed of electromagnetic radiation

blackbodies

stars can be approximated as

velocity

the higher the ... of the star (or observer), the greater the shift

red

what color is coolest

temp and color

the peak wavelength of a blackbody curve tells us about the objects?

blue

what color is hottest

E

which star is giving off the lowest energy output

The gravitational force between his spacecraft and Earth would be two times the gravitational force between my spacecraft and Earth

In the picture, the Earth-Moon system is shown (not to scale) along with five possible positions (A - E) for a spacecraft traveling from Earth to the Moon. Note that position C is exactly half-way between Earth and the Moon. Imagine you have a space craft at position A and Carl Sagan had a spacecraft that is two times the mass of yours, but at the same distance from Earth. How would the gravitational force between Earth and his spacecraft compare to the gravitational force between Earth and your spacecraft?

The gravitational force would be the same

In the picture, the Earth-Moon system is shown (not to scale) along with five possible positions (A - E) for a spacecraft traveling from Earth to the Moon. Note that position C is exactly half-way between Earth and the Moon. Imagine you have a space craft at position E and Wayne Gretzky had a spacecraft that is ten times as big, but the same mass as yours and at the same distance from the Moon. How would the gravitational force between the Moon and his spacecraft compare to the gravitational force between the Moon and your spacecraft?

Greatest E, D, C, B, A, Least

In the picture, the Earth-Moon system is shown (not to scale) along with five possible positions (A - E) for a spacecraft traveling from Earth to the Moon. Note that position C is exactly half-way between Earth and the Moon. Rank (from greatest to least) the strength of the gravitational force at positions A - E exerted by the Moon on the spacecraft.

The gravitational force between the spacecraft and Earth would be stronger than the force between the spacecraft and the Moon, so the spacecraft would move toward Earth

In the picture, the Earth-Moon system is shown (not to scale) along with five possible positions (A - E) for a spacecraft traveling from Earth to the Moon. Note that position C is exactly half-way between Earth and the Moon. What would happen to a spacecraft at position C?

Red

The blackbody curve for an object at T = 2,000 K is shown in the figure. If the temperature was decreased to 1,500 K, what color would it appear to be?

Light waves

wavelength, frequency, and energy define what

Continuous (rainbow)

If a star existed that was only a hot, dense core and did not have a low-density atmosphere surrounding it, which type of spectrum would you expect this particular star to give off?

Dark Line absorption spectrum

Imagine that you observe the Sun while in your space ship in orbit around the Moon. Which of the following spectra would you observe by analyzing the sunlight?

Less than between a person standing on the Earth and the Earth

How strong is the force of gravity between a person standing on the Moon and the Moon?

Greatest A, B, C, D, E, Least

In the picture, the Earth-Moon system is shown (not to scale) along with five possible positions (A - E) for a spacecraft traveling from Earth to the Moon. Note that position C is exactly half-way between Earth and the Moon. Rank (from greatest to least) the strength of the gravitational force at positions A - E exerted by the Earth on the spacecraft.

UV

molecules are about the same size as the wavelength of...

An atomic nucleus

The wavelength of a gamma ray is about the size of

an atomic nucleus (.00001 nm)

The wavelength of gamma rays is about the size of...

light that was absorbed by a cool low-density cloud

When viewing an absorption spectrum, the dark lines you see represent what?

Absorption

Which kind of spectrum would the setup above produce?

A

Which of the following has the largest wavelength?

A

Imagine you are comparing four electric hot plates (A - D) of different sizes and temperatures. The temperature of each hot plate is indicated by a shade of gray such that the lighter the shade of gray, the higher the temperature of the hot plate. Which hotplate is giving off the highest amount of energy (which is the most luminous?).

Gamma Rays

Shortest wavelength, highest energy, highest frequency

Strongest B, D, A, C, Weakest

Shown are four situations (A-D) where two asteroids are near each other (d=distance, m=mass). Rank the gravitational force between the objects from strongest to weakest.

Strongest C B A D Weakest

Shown are four situations (A-D) where two asteroids are near each other (d=distance, m=mass). Rank the gravitational force between the objects from strongest to weakest.

C

Shown are four situations (A-D) where two asteroids are near each other (d=distance, m=mass). Which of these has the strongest gravitational force between them?

Hubble

Telescope, 1990-current, low earth orbit (we can reach it through astro) UV, Visible, IR, Orbits earth mirrors

SOHO (Solar observatory)

telescope, 1995-current, faces the sun, orbits the sun, wavelengths: UV extreme UV reflecting telescope mirror

temperature

the "pattern" of radiation depends on the

It was absorbed by cooler gasses in the outer part of the star

There are dark lines in the absorption line spectrum. What happened to this light that is missing in the absorption line spectrum?

Earth based observing problems

These problems effect what: Earths atmosphere blcoks some form of light, turbulence in earths atmosphere causes bluring/twinkling more water=more twinkling, light pollution, weather predictability

Infared

Typical stars (like our 6000 K Sun) produce most of their light in the visible band of the EM spectrum and are best observed in that band. Which of the bands below would be most useful for observing clouds of hydrogen in between stars with temperatures around 20 K?

A

Which of the following bands of the electromagnetic spectrum has photons with the highest frequency? A. X-rays B. All bands of the electromagnetic spectrum have the same frequency C. visible D. microwave

a

Which of the following bands of the electromagnetic spectrum has photons with the highest frequency? a) x-rays b) all band of the electromagnetic spectrum have the same frequency c) microwave d) visible

A

Which of the following bands of the electromagnetic spectrum has photons with the lowest frequency? a) microwave b) all bands of frequency have the same frequency c) x-ray d) visible

C

Which of the following has the shortest wavelength?

C

Which of the following pairs of masses exerts the largest gravitational force on each other?

D

Which of the following pairs of masses exerts the largest gravitational force on each other?

B

Which of the following pairs of masses exerts the smallest gravitational force on each other?

C

Which of the following pairs of masses exerts the smallest gravitational force on each other?

Microwave (or Radio)

Which of the following photons in the electromagnetic spectrum has the largest wavelength? A. x-rays (or gamma rays) B. all of these choices have the same wavelength C. Microwave (or Radio) D. Visible (or UV or IR)

B

Which of the following photons in the electromagnetic spectrum has the largest wavelength? a) Visible (or UV or IR) b) Microwave (or Radio) c) All of these choices have the same wavelength d) X-rays (or Gamma-Rays)

The first graph

Which of these graphs show Stars A and B correctly?

The second graph

Which of these graphs shows Stars A and B correctly?

Star F

Which star has the lowest surface temperature?

F

Which star looks red

Emission

Which type of spectrum is produced by the setup shown above?

Continuous

Which type of spectrum would be produced by the setup shown above?

Chandra Observatory

X-ray

up and down

there is no doppler effect when the star moves ... relative to the observer

visible

a piece of bacteria is about the same size as the wavelength of...

infared

a protozoan is about the same size as the wavelength of ...

Wavelength

all have same speed

X-rays

an atom is about the same size as the wavelength of

greater shift

faster moving means greater or lower shift

radio waves, visible and some infared and UV

ground based telescopes can observe what wavelengths

continuous

hot dense source, light bulb, rainbow, molted rock, lava, a luminous solid, liquid, or dense gas emites light @ all wavelengths and produces a what? complete rainbow of colors no gaps of bright lines

emission

hot dilute gas, neon sign, gas bulbs/tubes, a low density, hot gas in front of a cooler background emits a bright line or a...? hot diffuse so atoms more spread out

more energy at all wavelenghts than a cooler object

hotter objects output

their maximum energy at shorter wavelengths

hotter objects output

frequency

how many curves travel in 1 second, # of peaks that pass a fixed point in one second (hertz)

the force due to gravity decreases

if the force is greater

force

if the mass increases then what also increases

surface area and temperature

luminosity depends on

spectrum

measurement of light from an object over a range of wavelenghts


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