ATH EXAM 3
ACCORDING TO THE UNITED NATIONS, IN 2015, WHICH COUNTRY HAD THE HIGHEST LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH? a.Hong Kong c.Mexico b.United States d.Iceland
Hong Kong
The anthropological concept of health includes A.physical, mental, and social well-being and the absence of disease. B.any kind of disease. C.the absence of any kind of disease. D.not having had more than one illness at any given time.
physical, mental, and social well-being and the absence of disease.
SEO-YUN IS A MUDANG IN SOUTH KOREA. IN HER COMMUNITY, SHE ACTS AS AN INTERMEDIARY BETWEEN SPIRITS OR GODS AND THE HUMAN WORLD THROUGH RITUALS, SONGS, AND ANCESTOR WORSHIP. WHICH TERM BEST DESCRIBES SEO-YUN? a.shaman c.martyr b.saint d.communitas
shaman
Ethnomedicine focuses on A.doctors of different races and ethnicities. B.studying local systems of health and healing. C.how to treat people of different cultures. D.studying natural herbs and teas.
studying local systems of health and healing.
NEOLIBERALISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH: a.supporting fair trade to return profits to producers. b.increased financial regulation to protect consumers from predatory lenders. c.selling public services like water and public transportation to for-profit companies. d.increased spending on health and education.
Selling public services like water and public transportation to for-profits companies
IT HAS SOMETIMES BEEN SUGGESTED THAT VIOLENCE IS ENDEMIC TO ALL PRIMATES. WHAT HAVE RECENT STUDIES OF OTHER NONHUMAN PRIMATES REVEALED? a.Some primates undergo a cycle of violence and increasing distancing until everyone lives alone. b.Some primates undergo a cycle of reconciliation rather than distancing after conflict occurs. c.Some primates undergo a cycle of performed violence that is not actually physically damaging. d.Some primates undergo a cycle of behavior that does not involve any violence at all.
Some primates undergo a cycle of reconciliation rather than distancing after conflict occurs
Which of the following is NOT part of the working definition of "religion" for anthropology? a. belief in powers of deities b. ritual activities c. a shared mystical language d. a community of believers
a shared mystical language
Which of the following is NOT one of the common strategies for food production in nonindustrial societies? A.agriculture B.globalization C.horticulture D.pastoralism
globalization
GEORGE GMELCH DISCOVERED THAT BASEBALL PLAYERS WHO USE A PARTICULAR RITUAL, SUCH AS TOUCHING THE BILL OF THEIR CAP EVERY TIME THEY ARE UP TO BAT, BELIEVE WHAT ABOUT GOOD MAGIC? a.Good magic is contagious. b.Good magic is always consistent. c.Good magic resides in sacred objects. d.Good magic is highly effective.
good magic is contagious
Émile Durkheim's ideas of the "sacred" and the "profane" roughly match which concepts? a. "holy" and "unholy" b. "correct" and "wrong" c. "left" and "right" d. "nature" and "nurture"
holy and unholy
WHILE CONVENTIONAL WISDOM ATTRIBUTES GOOD HEALTH TO GOOD NUTRITION, EXERCISE, SLEEP, PROPER SANITATION, AND AVOIDING SMOKING, MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS CONSIDER MANY OTHER FACTORS WHEN LOOKING AT HEALTH. WHAT IS ONE CRITICAL ASPECT OF HEALTH THAT IS OFTEN OVERLOOKED? a.farming methods c.inequality b.evolutionary shifts d.genetic predisposition
inequality
The role of colonialism in established current economic systems A.was minimal. B.is felt in virtually every part of the globe. C.has only affected countries that formerly participated in the slave trade. D.wasn't prevalent after 1900.
is felt in virtually every part of the globe.
George Gmelch's study of baseball magic shows that a. Westerners don't believe in magic. b. people in the United States don't use magic. c. magic is not just a property of "exotic" cultures. d. rituals don't exist in U.S. culture.
magic is not just a property of exotic cultures
THE POSITION THAT THE FREE MARKET AND FREE TRADE RATHER THAN THE STATE ARE THE MAIN MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC GROWTH IS ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH THEORIST? a.John Keynes b.Adam Smith c.Karl Marx d.Henry Ford
Adam Smith
WHAT DO WE CALL THE POTENTIAL OF A PERSON OR A GROUP TO CONTEST AND CHANGE NORMS, VALUES, INSTITUTIONS, AND STRUCTURES OF POWER? a.agency b.authority c.power d.politics
Agency
PERIPHERY COUNTRIES SERVE PRIMARILY AS SOURCES OF: a.colonialism. b.cheap labor and raw materials. c.industrialization. d.redistribution.
Cheap labor and raw materials
ACCORDING TO SERVICE'S TYPOLOGY, A TRANSITIONAL FORM BETWEEN THE SIMPLER POLITICAL STRUCTURES OF TRIBES AND THE MORE COMPLEX POLITICAL STRUCTURES OF STATES IS A(N): a.band. b.chiefdom. c.tribe. d.ethnic group.
Cheifdom
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING THEORIES CONTENDS THAT RELIGIOUS PRACTICES HAVE LIKELY DEVELOPED IN RESPONSE TO VERY PRACTICAL PROBLEMS AS PEOPLE SOUGHT TO ADAPT TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT? a.Marxism b.cultural materialism c.ritual theory d.secularization theory
Cultural materialism
SINCE 1996, WHAT HAS THE TREND BEEN FOR THE RATE OF BIRTHS BY CESAREAN SECTION (C-SECTION) IN THE UNITED STATES? a.It has decreased dramatically as more mothers turn to alternative medical options. b.It has increased dramatically, probably more as a result of cultural conceptions of childbirth than medical necessity. c.It has increased dramatically, as the medical necessity for C-sections is proven by studies of other cultures. d.It has fluctuated widely as trends in childbirth have come in and out of cultural acceptance.
It has increased dramatically, probably more as a result of cultural conceptions of childbirth than medical necessity.
IN THE PAST SEVERAL DECADES, MANY COMPANIES HAVE MADE EFFECTIVE USE OF FLEXIBLE ACCUMULATION—THE STRATEGY USED BY TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS TO MAXIMIZE PROFITS. WHAT IS ONE OF THE REASONS THAT A COMPANY LIKE WALMART HAS GROWN IN BOTH SIZE AND PROFIT? a.It has established itself as a fair employer around the world. b.It has avoided offshoring until just recently. c.It has more than 7,000 factories overseas that manufacture products for the company. d.It has built stores in every nation on the planet.
It has more than 7,000 factories overseas that manufacture products for the company.
Contemporary economic systems of major industrialized nations are best characterized as A.generalized reciprocity systems. B.hunter-gatherer systems. C.market exchange systems. D.barter and trade systems.
Market exchange systems
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS BELIEVED THAT IDEAS CAN BE JUST AS POWERFUL AS ECONOMICS IN SHAPING SOCIETY? a.Emile Durkheim b.Max Weber c.Karl Marx d.Victor Turner
Max Weber
ADOLF HITLER WAS ABLE TO CREATE A POWERFUL UNIFIED STATE IN GERMANY, IN PART, BY BLAMING ETHNIC MINORITIES FOR THE COUNTRY'S PROBLEMS AND PROMOTING THE IDEA OF "ETHNICALLY GERMAN" PEOPLE AS DIFFERENT AND SUPERIOR. THIS MADE THE IDEA OF PERSECUTING MINORITIES AND EXPANDING GERMAN DOMINANCE OVER EUROPE SEEM LIKE A REASONABLE COURSE OF ACTION. WHAT DO WE CALL THIS FEELING OF BELONGING AND SUPERIORITY? a.social cohesion b.militarization c.nationalism d.racism
Nationalism
WHAT SURPRISING DISCOVERY DID CAROLYN NORDSTROM MAKE IN HER STUDY OF WAR AND VIOLENCE IN MOZAMBIQUE? a.War is not something that can be prevented through political will. b.People want war in order to establish their autonomy. c.People can resist the political violence of war in the ways they attend to the daily matters of their community. d.The state does not actually start or condone war; people do.
People can resist the political violence of war in the ways they attend to the daily matters of their community.
IN ITS CRITIQUE OF MODERNIZATION, MODERN WORLD SYSTEMS ANALYSIS ARGUES THAT THE SOURCE OF RAW MATERIALS TODAY IS ________ NATIONS, THE SAME AS IT WAS DURING THE HEIGHT OF COLONIAL EXPANSION. a.core b.developed c.periphery d.impoverished
Periphery
When Robin Hood and his band of merry men steal from the rich to give to the poor, giving to the poor is an example of a.barter. b.balanced reciprocity. c.redistribution. d.negative reciprocity.
Redistribution
In Service's evolutionary typology of political systems, chiefdoms were A.opposed to social hierarchy. B.the same as bands. C.a transitional form between tribes and states. D.nation-states with no mass media.
a transitional form between tribes and states.
Anthropologists can help solve health problems by A.helping to create public health systems. B.identifying sociocultural practices that spread disease. C.advocating for improved nutrition in culturally appropriate ways. D.all of the above.
all of the above.
WHAT DO ANTHROPOLOGISTS CALL A SMALL, KINSHIP-BASED GROUP OF FORAGERS WHO MOVE OVER A PARTICULAR TERRITORY? a.group b.band c.tribe d.chiefdom
band
Political anthropologist Elman Service called small kinship-based groups of hunter-gatherers A.parties. B.bands. C.tribes. D.nation-states.
bands
Cross-culturally, anthropologists find that religious and political life a. can be closely intertwined. b. are kept mostly separate. c. are legally forbidden from influencing each other. d. only connect in ritualized activities.
can be closely intertwined
ANTHROPOLOGISTS ARE PRIMARILY INTERESTED IN WHAT ASPECT OF RELIGION? a.analyzing religion's ultimate truth or falsity b.capturing religious expression and making it come alive for others c.validating others' religious beliefs d.documenting all shamanic and folk traditions
capturing religious expression and making it come alive for others
Neoliberal economic policies advocate for A.strong governmental regulation of the economy. B.state-funded development projects. C.free markets. D.publicly owned utilities.
free markets
KHIARA BRIDGES SUGGESTS THAT THE STATISTICAL DATA FOR RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH, WHICH INDICATE THAT BLACK BABIES DIE AT TWICE THE RATE OF WHITE BABIES, ARE DUE TO MORE THAN JUST POVERTY AND MAY BE A RESULT OF WHAT IN PARTICULAR? a.the failure to fully certify physician assistants in poverty-stricken areas b.the failure to challenge and educate doctors on their internalized racism c.the failure of Medicaid to provide equal treatment for people of color d.the failure to educate doctors about diseases that only affect people of color
the failure to challenge and educate doctors on their internalized racism
WHAT ARE ILLNESS NARRATIVES? a.stories based on a physician's assessment of an illness b.the personal stories that people tell to explain their illness c.ethnographic studies of disease and illness d.narratives provided by anthropologists to physicians
the personal stories that people tell to explain their illness
Biomedicine applies the principles of biology to A.the practice of diagnosing diseases. B.the writing of ethnographic reports. C.achieving medical degrees. D.anthropology.
the practice of diagnosing diseases.
Anthropologists link the rise of the state to A.the rise of agriculture and fixed settlements. B.the development of stone tools. C.the development of language. D.the rise of social hierarchy.
the rise of agriculture and fixed settlements.
One of the most visible, widespread ways in which states wield power is A.warfare. B.treaties. C.voting. D.speeches.
warfare.
