ATI Musculoskeletal System
a nurse is teaching a client about methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. which of the following information should the nurse include? Select all that apply Avoid being near people who are sick with a communicable illness. Periodic laboratory tests are required. The drug's effects are immediate. Report bruising or petechiae. Avoid drinking alcohol.
Avoid being near people who are sick with a communicable illness. Periodic laboratory tests are required. Report bruising or petechiae. Avoid drinking alcohol.
a nurse is caring for a client who is taking alendronate to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. the nurse should explain to the client that alendronate increases bone mass by which of the following actions? Decreases activity of osteoclasts Increases calcium excretion Promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus Reduces action of osteoblasts
Decreases activity of osteoclasts Osteoclasts are cells that cause bone resorption or bone loss. Alendronate reduces the activity of osteoclasts, reducing bone loss and increasing bone mass.
a nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for prednisone and takes 1,500 mg/day of calcium carbonate to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. which of the following information should the nurse include? Select all that apply Take the calcium tablets with food. Drink 240 mL (8 oz) of water with the calcium tablets. Chew calcium tablets before swallowing them. Take the drugs 1 hr apart. Divide the daily dosage of calcium into three 500-mg doses.
Drink 240 mL (8 oz) of water with the calcium tablets. Chew calcium tablets before swallowing them. Take the drugs 1 hr apart. Divide the daily dosage of calcium into three 500-mg doses.
a nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for methotrexate. which of the following drugs would likely be prescribed in conjunction during the initial treatment for rheumatoid arthritis? Aspirin Salicylates Sulfonylureas Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen NSAID analgesics, such as ibuprofen, are often prescribed along with methotrexate during the initial course of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. It can take weeks for DMARDs to reach therapeutic levels and begin relieving joint inflammation and pain, so ibuprofen can be administered concurrently to help make the client more comfortable while waiting for methotrexate's therapeutic effects.
alendronate is contraindicated for administration to clients who have which of the following conditions? Heart failure Fish protein allergy Inability to sit upright Tuberculosis
Inability to sit upright Alendronate is contraindicated for administration to a client who cannot sit upright or stand for 30 min. Clients should drink 240 mL (8 oz) of water after taking the drug and sit upright or stand for at least 30 min to prevent esophagitis.
a nurse is preparing to administer alendronate to a client who has osteoporosis. the nurse should recognize which of the following as an adverse effect of alendronate? Venous thromboemboli Ventricular dysrhythmias Breast cancer Joint pain
Joint pain Alendronate can cause joint and muscle pain. Clients can treat joint pain with analgesics. Other adverse effects of this drug include nausea, visual disturbances, and esophagitis.
which of the following is a therapeutic action of raloxifene? Blocks the effects of estrogen on endometrial tissue Mimics the effects of estrogen on bone tissue Stimulates secretion of parathyroid hormone Stimulates menstruation
Mimics the effects of estrogen on bone tissue Raloxifene mimics the effects of estrogen on bone tissue, minimizing or stopping bone loss.
a nurse is caring for a client who is currently taking methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. the nurse should identify that which of the following is an adverse effect of this medication? Hypertension Thrombocytopenia Glaucoma Edema
Thrombocytopenia Methotrexate has many adverse effects that affect the central nervous, respiratory, dermatologic, and hematology systems, such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
a nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis. which of the following actions should the nurse take prior to administering calcitonin-salmon to the client for the first time? Check the client's urine for sedimentation. Assess the client's liver function. Use skin testing to check the client for allergies. Evaluate the client's breath sounds.
Use skin testing to check the client for allergies. Calcitonin-salmon is developed using salmon. The nurse should perform skin testing to check for an allergy to salmon or fish protein, and have epinephrine, antihistamines, and resuscitation equipment available.
a nurse is teaching about self-administering methotrexate to a client who has rheumatoid arthritis. which of the following statements should the nurse make? "Use a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to reduce toxicity." "If you miss a dose, go ahead and take it with the next scheduled dose." "Drink a minimum of 2 liters of water per day to promote the drug's excretion." "Take it in the morning to prevent insomnia."
"Drink a minimum of 2 liters of water per day to promote the drug's excretion." Methotrexate can cause kidney damage. Adequate hydration optimizes drug excretion and helps prevent kidney damage. Clients can also take sodium bicarbonate tablets to increase urine alkalinity and reduce the drug precipitation that can lead to kidney damage.
a nurse is teaching a client about adverse effects of etanercept. which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? "I will need to get my blood drawn periodically while on this medication." "I may lose part or all of my hair." "I may wake up with a very dry mouth." "I will leave the needle cap off during the time the medication comes to room temperature."
"I will need to get my blood drawn periodically while on this medication." Etanercept places the client at risk for systemic fungal infections and other opportunistic infections. Therefore, the client will need to have their CBC monitored periodically while on this medication.
a nurse is teaching a client about methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? "I will take a birth control pill every day." "Methotrexate decreases my chances of developing an infection." "I take methotrexate every day with breakfast." "I will aim to drink five 8-ounce glasses of water per day."
"I will take a birth control pill every day." Methotrexate is teratogenic to a fetus and is contraindicated during pregnancy. Therefore, a client of childbearing age should use birth control while on this medication.
a nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for etancercept. which of the following statements should the nurse make? "You will inject this medication once a week in your thigh muscle." "You should report signs of infection to your provider immediately." "You will need to avoid taking ibuprofen while on this medication." "You will need to receive a MMR vaccine 1 month after starting this medication."
"You should report signs of infection to your provider immediately." The nurse should teach the client that they are susceptible to infections when taking DMARD II medications such as etanercept. The client should report symptoms of infection, such as fever, cough, malaise, weight loss, and dyspnea, to the provider immediately to prevent further complications.
a nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for etanercept. which of the following actions should the nurse take? Administer a tuberculin skin test prior to starting the medication. Teach the client that fevers are common while taking this medication. Determine if the client has chronic hypertension. Mix the medication with methotrexate prior to administration
Administer a tuberculin skin test prior to starting the medication. Etanercept is contraindicated for administration to clients who have a history of exposure to tuberculosis. Therefore, the nurse should administer a tuberculin skin test prior to starting the medication.
a nurse is teaching a client about methotrexate. the nurse should inform the client to monitor for which of the following as an adverse effect of this drug? Muscle pain Peripheral edema Black, tarry stools Redness in the calf
Black, tarry stools Methotrexate can cause gastric intestinal ulceration, which can lead to perforation and bleeding. The client should monitor for blood in stools or emesis and report either to the provider immediately.
a nurse is planning care for a client who has a new prescription of methotrexate. the nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? Bone marrow depression Thrombocythemia Double vision Constipation
Bone marrow depression The nurse should monitor the client for bone marrow depression, which is an adverse effect of folic acid analogs such as methotrexate.
A nurse is teaching a client about raloxifene to prevent osteoporosis. The nurse should instruct the patient to monitor for which of the following as an indication of a serious adverse reaction to the drug? Loss of hair Numbness of the fingertips Calf pain Blisters on mucous membranes
Calf pain Raloxifene can increase the risk of deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to a pulmonary embolism or cerebrovascular accident. Clients should avoid long periods of inactivity and report any pain, redness, or swelling in the calf.
a nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for etanecept. the nurse should identify that etanercept treats rheumatoid arthritis by which of the following actions? Inactivation of tumor necrosis factor Inhibition of osteoclast activity Decreasing the reuptake of serotonin Interference with the production of lymphocytes
Inactivation of tumor necrosis factor Etanercept directly binds to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), preventing the attachment of TNF onto the cell's surface. This prevents the autoimmune response and subsequent inflammation of the joints.
a nurse is teaching a client about raloxifene. which of the following information should the nurse include? Select all that apply Perform a breast self-examination twice per month. Increase physical activity by taking walks. Use a contraceptive if there is any possibility of pregnancy. Take the drug on an empty stomach. Increase intake of calcium and vitamin D.
Increase physical activity by taking walks. Use a contraceptive if there is any possibility of pregnancy. Increase intake of calcium and vitamin D. Clients who take raloxifene should avoid long periods of inactivity to prevent deep-vein thrombosis. Furthermore, walking, and other weight-bearing exercises, can help increase bone density. Raloxifene is a pregnancy category X drug and can cause severe fetal harm. Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or might become pregnant should not take the drug. An increased intake of calcium and vitamin D helps improve the effectiveness of raloxifene and increases bone mass.
a nurse should identify that. a client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking etanercept is at an increased risk for which of the following adverse effects? Kidney toxicity Infection Gout Deep-vein thrombosis
Infection Etanercept increases the risk of developing a serious infection. Providers should not prescribe etanercept for clients who have an existing infection and should use it cautiously with clients who have diabetes mellitus because the disease itself already causes an increased risk for infection.
A health care professional should tell a patient who is taking alendronate (Fosamax) to monitor for which of the following adverse effects? Select all that apply. Jaw pain Drowsiness Blurred vision Tinnitus Muscle pain
Jaw pain Blurred vision Muscle pain Alendronate can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw, and clients who develop it should report it to the provider. Alendronate can cause ocular inflammation. The client should report any eye pain or blurred vision to the provider. Alendronate can cause musculoskeletal pain. If analgesics do not help, the client might have to stop taking alendronate.
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is to begin taking calcitonin-salmon (Miacalcin) intranasal spray to treat osteoporosis. Which of the following information should the health care professional include? Select all that apply. Report rash or itching. Deliver two sprays to each nostril. Prime the pump before the first dose. Report nasal irritation. Hold the pump horizontally.
Report rash or itching Prime the pump before the first dose Report nasal irritation
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is taking etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should monitor the patient for which of the following indications of a serious adverse reaction to the drug? Excessive salivation Increased thirst Blood in the urine Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath Etanercept can cause heart failure, manifesting as shortness of breath, cough, elevated blood pressure and heart rate, and pink-tinged sputum.
a nurse is teaching a client who is taking etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis. the nurse should instruct the client to monitor which of the following indications of an adverse reaction to this drug? Skin rash Tinnitus Diarrhea Dysphagia
Skin rash Etanercept can cause serious skin infections. Clients should immediately report any skin rashes or blisters, because an infection can cause a serious reaction, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.
a nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for calcitonin-salmon about manifestations of hypercalcemia. which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching? Muscle twitching Laryngospasm Paresthesia Vomiting
Vomiting The nurse should teach the client that hypercalcemia can occur when taking this drug. Manifestations of hypercalcemia include nausea, vomiting, flank pain, lethargy, and deep bone pain.
