ATI Nutrition

A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following disorders should the nurse identify as increasing the client's metabolic needs? (Select all that apply.) A. COPD B. Hypothyroidism C. Cancer D. Parkinson's disease E. Major burns

A. COPD C. Cancer D. Parkinson's disease E. Major burns Clients who have COPD develop hypermetabolism as a result of the increased amount of energy used to breathe. Cancer can cause a number of metabolic changes, including hypermetabolism as a result of the tumor growth. Clients who have Parkinson's disease develop hypermetabolism because they burn calories due to muscular rigidity. Finally, clients who have major burns develop severe metabolic stress, which includes hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism.

A nurse is providing teaching to a female client who has a new prescription for pravastatin to treat hyperlipidemia. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Pravastatin can be taken with grapefruit juice. B. Pravastatin can be continued during pregnancy. C. Pravastatin should be taken with the morning meal. D. Laboratory testing to monitor the client's WBC count is required.

A. pravastatin can be taken with grapefruit juice. Pravastatin, unlike other statins, such as lovastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin, is not affected by CYP3A4 inhibitors. It is safe for the client to consume grapefruit juice if desired. Incorrect Answers:B. Pravastatin can cause fetal anomalies if taken during pregnancy. The nurse should instruct the client to notify her provider if pregnancy is planned or if she becomes pregnant.C. Taking pravastatin in the evening is recommended as the synthesis of cholesterol increases during the night, thereby increasing the efficacy of the medication. The nurse should instruct the client to take the medication at bedtime. D. Clients who are taking statin medications should have laboratory testing to evaluate liver function prior to starting the medication and should undergo cholesterol and triglyceride testing periodically during treatment. Pravastatin does not affect the WBC count.

A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the medical records of a group of clients. Which of the following clients is at risk for iron deficiency? (Select all that apply.) A. A client who is postmenopausal B. A client who is a vegetarian C. A middle adult male client D. A client who is pregnant E. A toddler who is overweight

B. A client who is a vegetarian D. A client who is pregnant E. A toddler who is overweight A client who is a vegetarian might require additional iron because the availability of iron in vegetable food sources is limited. During pregnancy, maternal blood volume increases, and the fetus requires additional iron. Therefore, the RDA of iron for clients who are pregnant is increased to 27 mg per day. Toddlers who are overweight may get most of their calories from milk and foods that are not considered healthy, which increases their risk for iron-deficiency anemia.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a BMI of 29 and expresses a desire to lose weight. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Refer the client to a nutritionist B. Discuss eating strategies with the client C. Determine the client's intention to change current eating habits D. Instruct the client to perform 30 min of vigorous exercise daily

C. Determine the client's intention to change current eating habits When using the nursing process, the nurse should first assess the client's readiness to commit to a change in behavior.

A nurse is providing teaching about food choices to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will need to eliminate sweet desserts from my diet." B. "I should avoid using sucralose in my coffee." C. "I should consume alcohol between meals in moderation." D. "I should replace white bread with whole-grain bread."

D. "I should replace white bread with whole-grain bread."Clients with diabetes mellitus have the same fiber requirements as the general population. Fiber content can be increased by substituting white bread, which is made with refined grains, with whole-grain bread, which retains the outer layer of the grain that is higher in fiber.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has dumping syndrome following gastric bypass surgery 4 days ago. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Avoid foods containing protein B. Drink liquids during each meal C. Eat foods that contain simple sugars D. Maintain a supine position after meals

D. Maintain a supine position after meals The nurse should instruct the client to lie supine after eating to help slow the rapid emptying of food into the small intestine. A client who has dumping syndrome should decrease the amount of food eaten at once, eat small meals more frequently, and eliminate fluids at mealtime. Fluid shifts occur in the upper gastrointestinal tract when food contents and simple sugars exit the stomach too rapidly, attracting fluid into the upper intestine and decreasing blood volume, which causes the client to experience nausea and vomiting, sweating, syncope, palpitations, increased heart rate, and hypotension.