ATI TEAS Test -- Science Practice Questions

C -- A blood pressure reading of 120 is peak arterial pressure during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole); 70 refers to minimal pressure during ventricular relaxation (ventricular diastole)

A blood pressure reading of 120/70 mm Hg refers to arterial pressures recorded during which of the following events? A. Atrial contraction/ventricular contraction B. Atrial contraction/ventricular relaxation C. Ventricular contraction/ventricular relaxation D. Ventricular relaxation/atrial relaxation

A -- When a chlorine atom gains an electron, its negative charge increases by 1 and it is now called an anion

A chlorine atom has 17 electrons and 17 protons. It forms an ionic bond with sodium and gains a negative charge. Which of the following is true for the chloride ion? A. It is an anion with 18 electrons and 17 protons B. It is an anion with 18 electrons and 18 protons C. It is a cation with 17 electrons and 18 protons D. It is a cation with 18 electrons and 18 protons

A

Acid reflux is a condition in which the gastric juices of the stomach flow backward into the esophagus. Which of the following causes acid reflux? A. The cardiac sphincter does not close tightly B. Peristalsis occurs slowly in the esophagus C. Excess gastric juices are produced by the stomach D. The pH value for gastric juices is increased

B -- hydrogen bonding holds the water molecules tightly together so they cannot disperse easily, increasing surface tension and causing the slap

After doing a belly flop into a swimming pool, a child says, "the water slapped me." Which of the following is the property of water that causes the slap? A. Irregular expansion B. Hydrogen bonding C. Capillary action D. Hydrophobic exclusion

D -- mass number = protons + neutrons

An atom of lithium has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons. What is this atom's mass number? A. 3 B. 6 C. 10 D. 7

D

An infant's immune system is immature at the time of birth. They receive their birthing parent's antibodies through the placenta before birth and from breast milk after birth. Which of the following terms can be used to describe this type of immunity? A. Active immunity B. Adaptive immunity C. Innate immunity D. Passive immunity

Millimeter , Centimeter , Decameter , Hectometer , Kilometer

Arrange the units in increasing order of size of distance they measure: Decameter Kilometer Millimeter Centimeter Hectometer

B -- Density is a ratio of material present in a given volume. Water will have the same density whether in a bucket or in a cup. It is independent of the amount of material. Therefore, it is an intensive property

If an intensive property is independent of the amount of material being measured, which of the following is an example of an intensive property? A. Mass B. Density C. Volume D. Length

B

In chickens, feather color can be white (WW), black (BB), or speckled (BW). A cross between a black-feathered chicken and a white-feathered chicken produces speckled-feathered chickens. Which of the following is the outcome of a cross between two F1 offspring? A. 1 BB: 1 BW: 1 WW B. 1 BB: 2 BW: 1 WW C. 2 BB: 1 BW: 1 WW D. 1 BB: 1 BW: 2 WW

A

In human blood types, A and B alleles are codominant and O is recessive. Which of the following combinations of the parents' genotypes has the highest probability of producing a child with blood type O? A. Both parents are heterozygous and have blood type AB B. One parent is heterozygous for blood type A and the other is heterozygous for blood type B C. One parent is homozygous for blood type A and the other is homozygous for blood type O D. One parent has blood type AB and the other is homozygous for blood type O

D

In humans, A and B alleles are codominant over O to determine blood type. Which of the following combinations of parental genotypes has the greatest probability of producing a child with type AB blood? A. AB and BO B. AO and BO C. AB and AB D. AA and BB

D -- vitamin B12 is absorbed in the distal ileum of the small intestine by receptor-mediated endocytosis

In which of the following parts of the digestive system is vitamin B12 absorbed? A. Stomach B. Pancreas C. Large intestine D. Small intestine

Increase in population size --> Increase in the use of fossil fuels --> Increase in greenhouse gas emissions --> Increase in the heat trapped in the atmosphere --> Increase in atmospheric temperatures

The growth in human population size is one of the reasons for the rise in global temperatures. Arrange the steps below in the logical order of events to show their casual relationships. - Increase in greenhouse gas emissions - Increase in population size - Increase in the heat trapped in the atmosphere - Increase in atmospheric temperatures - Increase in the use of fossil fuels

A -- the gastrula derives from the invagination of the blastula early in development and is the structure in which the germ layers (the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) are laid down

The process known as gastrulation results in the formation of which of the following embryonic structures? A. Germ layers B. Circulatory system C. Neural crest D. Limb buds

C

Vitamin B12 is converted to methyl-cobalamin, which is consumed in a reaction where methionine synthase produces the amino acid methionine. Which of the following molecules is the catalyst in this reaction? A. Vitamin B12 B. Methyl-cobalamin C. Methionine Synthase D. Methionine

B -- this calculation correctly adds the difference between people entering (i and b) and leaving the population (e and d)

When calculating population growth, which of the following equations is appropriate? A. (Emigrants - immigrants) + (births - deaths) B. (Immigrants - emigrants) + (births - deaths) C. (Births + deaths) - (emigrants + immigrants) D. (Births - deaths) - (immigrants + emigrants)

D -- Carbon-hydrogen chains don't have electronegative atoms and confer nonpolarity on the tails of phospholipids

Which component of a phospholipid gives it non polar characteristics? A. Glycerol molecule B. Hydrogen bonds C. Phosphate group D. Carbon-hydrogen chains

C -- the cross-section shows different types of tissue in a cross-section of the small intestines, which is a digestive organ

Which level of hierarchy does the cross-section represent A. Cell B. Tissue C. Organ D. Organ system

A , C , D , E

Which of the following actions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system? (SATA) A. Heart rate increases while running B. Hand is withdrawn quickly after touching a hot surface C. Stomach muscles contract aid digestion D. Salivary glands release secretions in response to the presence of food E. Blood vessels constrict to reduce the flow of blood to the skin

D.

Which of the following anatomical planes divides the body into superior and inferior portions? A. Sagittal B. Medial C. Frontal D. Transverse

B

Which of the following bones is the large, fused bone of the upper jaw that contains teeth? A. Mandible B. Maxilla C. Vomer D. Clavicle

B -- Mitochondria play a role in cellular respiration and help generate ATP, which provides cellular energy to carry out different functions

Which of the following cell organelles are abundant in nerve and muscle cells to help meet their ATP requirements? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Mitochondria C. Golgi bodies D. Nucleus

B -- Keratinocytes contain the protein keratin and are produced in the epidermis and migrate upward. The tight junctions between cells prevents water entry. They eventually form a layer of dead cells on the skin surface

Which of the following cell types confers waterproofing on the outer layers of skin? A. Melanocytes B. Keratinocytes C. Merkel cells D. Langerhans cells

B -- Alveolar macrophages are abundant in the lungs and remove particles that escape entrapment by mucus

Which of the following cells rid the body of dust and other particles that enter the lungs? A. Alveoli B. Macrophages C. Sertoli cells D. Erythrocytes

B -- Nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to an unequal sharing of electrons, which is the definition of polar covalent bonds

Which of the following chemical bonds is found within a molecule of ammonia, NH3, given that N is a highly electronegative element and has a valence of 5? A. Nonpolar covalent bonds B. Polar covalent bonds C. Ionic covalent bonds D. Hydrogen bonds

A -- Steroids are lipid-soluble. Therefore, they are able to diffuse across the hydrophobic cell membrane

Which of the following classes of chemical messengers is able to easily diffuse across the cell membrane? A. Steroids B. Interleukins C. Catecholamines D. Histamines

D

Which of the following conditions might help a species to escape extinction in the face of changing environmental conditions, such as habitat destruction? A. Extreme specialization B. Small populations C. Narrow ecological niches D. Generalized distribution

C

Which of the following connects the ovaries to the uterus? A. Vas deferens B. Ureters C. Fallopian tubes D. Urethra

D -- Sublimation is the conversion of a solid into a gas without passing through a liquid stage. Since carbon dioxide goes from a solid phase to a gaseous phase, this process is sublimation

Which of the following correctly describes physical changes between states of matter? A. Deposition occurs when the water in a lake changes to ice B. Evaporation occurs when candle wax burns to form smoke C. Condensation occurs when glue solidifies with exposure to air D. Sublimation occurs when dry ice turns into carbon dioxide gas

C

Which of the following correctly describes the color change and substance properties for acid-base indicator testing? A. Blue litmus turns red, indicating the presence of a base with a pH > 7. B. Red litmus turns blue, showing the presence of an acid with a pH > 7. C. Blue litmus turns red, indicating the presence of an acid with a pH < 7. D. Red litmus turns blue, showing the presence of a base with a pH < 7.

D

Which of the following describes the concentration of hydrogen ions in water with a pH of 7? A. 10^7 M B. 7 M C. 0.7 M D. 10^-7 M

C -- The ribosome is the site of translation of the genetic code of DNA and RNA into the amino acid code of proteins.

Which of the following describes the function of the ribosome in a cell? A. Production of ATP molecules from energy in nutrient molecules B. Disposal and recycling of damaged or unneeded cell parts C. Use of genetic information to build specific protein molecules D. Regulation of molecules entering and leaving the cell

A

Which of the following describes the role of regulatory genes? A. Regulatory genes control the expression of structural genes B. Regulatory genes catalyze chemical reactions C. Regulatory genes transfer information stored in DNA to proteins D. Regulatory genes code for membrane proteins

A -- Diarrhea associated with cholera is caused by cholera toxin secreted by certain strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae

Which of the following diseases is primarily caused by a toxin produced by a microorganism? A. Cholera B. Leprosy C. Acne D. HIV

B -- As carbon dioxide levels decrease, the blood becomes more basic, increasing blood pH.

Which of the following explains what happens in the circulatory system during hyperventilation? A. Oxygen levels increase, causing an increase in blood pH B. Carbon dioxide levels decrease, causing an increase in blood pH C. Oxygen levels decrease, causing a decrease in blood pH D. Carbon dioxide levels increase, causing a decrease in blood pH

A -- other hormones are produced in the pituitary gland

Which of the following hormones is produced in the ovaries? A. Estrogen B. Vasopressin C. Prolactin D. Oxytocin

D -- Aldosterone retains salt in the kidneys and results in water retention, which increases blood volume and pressure

Which of the following hormones is released in response to a drop in blood pressure? A. Melatonin B. Somatosatin C. Oxytocin D. Aldosterone

A -- The human body needs iodine, a naturally occurring element, to produce the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Which of the following hormones requires iodine for its production? A. Thyroid hormones B. Melatonin C. Parathyroid hormone D. Calcitonin

B -- The adaptive immune system contains B cells, which differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies against specific antigens

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the adaptive immune system? A. It uses phagocytes for the ingestion of foreign particles B. It produces antibodies against a specific antigen in the body C. It exerts the first response of the immune system against an infection D. It is comprised of non-specific barriers against a pathogen

B -- Making and breaking of bonds between atoms in a molecule indicate a chemical reaction.

Which of the following is a chemical property, as opposed to a physical property, of water? A. Ice is less dense than, and floats on, liquid water. B. Water can be decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen gas. C. Water has a high surface tension due to hydrogen bonding. D. Bonds between water molecules can be broken by heating.

B -- Reflex actions are involuntary, stereotyped, and predictable, as they require the body to respond quickly to a specific sensory input to protect the body.

Which of the following is a function of a somatic reflex? A. It helps to produce an involuntary response in the absence of a stimulus B. It helps to produce a response quickly to protect the body from harm C. It helps to produce variable responses to the same sensory input D. It helps the individual to produce an appropriate voluntary response

C -- Dendritic cells process antigens and display them on surface receptors to helper T-cells of the immune system. Helper T-cells then activate cytotoxic T-cells and B-cells. Therefore, dendritic cells link the passive and active immune system

Which of the following is a type of specialized antigen-processing cell that activates T-cells of the immune system? A. Plasma cells B. Thrombocytes C. Dendritic cells D. Eosinophils

C

Which of the following is an example of a nonspecific action of the immune system? A. Plasma cells produce antibodies to attack foreign cells B. Memory T-cells are produced in response to vaccines C. Inflammation is initiated in response to infection D. Cytotoxic T-cells are activated to attack infected cells

A -- reliability speaks to the repeatability of an experiment

Which of the following is improved when repeated trials of an experiment have constant results? A. Reliability B. Validity C. Independent variables D. Dependent variables

C

Which of the following is the circler muscle that regulates the opening and closing of a body aperture? A. Fossa B. Fascia C. Sphincter D. Valve

A

Which of the following is the collagen-rich material that connects muscles to bone? A. Tendon B. Ligament C. Reticular tissue D. Areolar tissue

D -- A healthy spleen has narrow tubes that cause aged red blood cells to rupture as they try to squeeze through

Which of the following is the function of the spleen in a healthy adult human? A. It stores bile produced in the liver B. It synthesizes platelets C. It is a vestigial organ D. It degrades aged red blood cells

C

Which of the following is the gland on a hair follicle that supplies the hair shaft and the skin with oily secretions? A. Eccrine gland B. Apocrine gland C. Sebaceous gland D. Ceruminous gland

B

Which of the following is the main function of bile juices? A. Breaking down proteins B. Emulsifying fats C. Detoxifying poisons D. Digesting carbohydrates

A -- the urethra connects the bladder to the opening o the body and allows the urine to exit the body

Which of the following is the role of the urethra? A. To transport urine out of the body B. To transport the egg to the uterus C. To connect the kidneys to the bladder D. To connect the uterus to the outside of the body

C

Which of the following is the value of the prefix milli- in the metric system? A. 10^-6 B. 1000 C. 10^-3 D. 0.1

A

Which of the following is true of centromeres of mitotic chromosomes prior to anaphase? A. It is the region where sister chromatids are most closely attached B. It is the region where crossing over occurs C. It is the region where replication begins D. It is the region where histones are made

A

Which of the following is true of enzyme-catalyzed reactions? A. The enzyme is not consumed in the reaction B. The substrate is produced in the active site C. The substrate remains unchanged during the reaction D. The enzyme raises the activation energy of the reaction

C -- the volume of the container is approximated by filling it with water. Adding rocks to the container displaces an equal volume of water. Therefore, the water that spills out of the container will equal the volume of the rocks. This question assumes that the rocks are more dense than water.

Which of the following methods could be used to determine how much volume is taken up by rocks placed in a container? A. Mass the container; mass the container with rocks in it; calculate the difference in these two masses rocks, not the volume B. Count the number of rocks; mass the rocks; then divide the mass of the rocks by the number of rocks C. Fill the container to capacity with water; add rocks to the container; collect the water that overflows and mass it D. Mass the container empty; fill it with the rocks and water; then mass it again and find the difference

B -- Bicarbonate is the conjugate base of carbonic acid, which is made from water and carbon dioxide, both of which are present in abundance in blood. Therefore, bicarbonate is a buffer in conjunction with carbonic acid

Which of the following molecules present in blood has the ability to buffer changes in pH? A. Cholesterol B. Bicarbonate C. Plasma sugars D. Circulating salts

A -- When a muscle is in a relaxed state, tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites on actin

Which of the following occurs when a skeletal muscle is in a relaxed state? A. Tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites B. Myosin forms cross bridges with actin filaments C. Ca2+ is released into the cytosol of the muscle cell D. ATP binds to myosin heads

D -- stimulus is the initial signal detected by a receptor. Information received is sent to the nervous system and an effector is used to achieve a response.

Which of the following options lists the correct order of events in a signaling pathway in a feedback loop used to maintain homeostasis? A. Receptor → Effector → Integration → Stimulus → Response B. Receptor → Stimulus → Integration → Response → Effector C. Stimulus → Effector → Integration → Receptor → Response D. Stimulus → Receptor → Integration → Effector → Response

D

Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from an increase in a population's level of education and standard of living and an improvement in educational and employment opportunities for women? A. Increase in the population's average female fertility B. Increase in the population's death rate C. Decrease in the population's life expectancy D. Decrease in the population's birth rate

A -- Viruses don't contain ribosomes. That use host ribosomes for protein synthesis. That are also not alive and cannot be treated by antibiotics

Which of the following pathogens would be unaffected by treatment with an antibiotic that inhibits ribosome function? A. Viruses B. Bacteria C. Protists D. Fungi

A

Which of the following procedures is an appropriate negative control for testing the hypothesis that air contains bread mold spores? A. Seal slices of bread in a container to mineralize air contact B. Place slices of bread in a refrigerated environment C. Add ingredients to the bread recipe that will slow mold growth D. Expose a different mold-supporting medium to air

C -- Polarity means water molecules can form shells around both positively and negatively charged particles. Therefore, water can solubilize ionic and covalent molecules with charge separation, making it a universal solvent

Which of the following properties of water explains its characterization as the universal solvent? A. Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules B. High specific heat C. Polarity of water molecules D. High surface tension

B -- When dopamine enters the synapse, it binds to receptor proteins of the postsynaptic cell, causing a response in the cell. Dopamine is a polar molecule that acts by binding to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron

Which of the following results from the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine into the nerve synapse? A. The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential B. Dopamine binds to receptor proteins on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell C. Dopamine enters the cytoplasm of the postsynaptic cell D. Dopamine causes the postsynaptic nerve cell to contract

C -- In systemic circulation, the left ventricle supplies oxygen-rich blood to the body, and the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.

Which of the following statements accurately describes systemic circulation? A. Supplies oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs B. Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the right atrium C. Supplies oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body D. Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body to the left atrium

B , C

Which of the following statements are true regarding the lymphatic system? (SATA) A. It is a closed circulatory system B. The lymph flows from the interstitial spaces toward the heart C. The lymph transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for expiration D. The lymphatic systems helps the body to absorb lipids E. The lymphatic system contains more red blood cells than white blood cells

D

Which of the following statements best explains why RNA inside a cell is almost never found as a single-stranded molecule? A. Alleles for genes are found in pairs, so their RNAs also pair up. B. RNA normally exists with its complementary strand in a double helix. C. RNA and DNA form hybrid pairs for all transcribing parts of the chromosome. D. Short stretches of complementary sequences can cause RNA to fold back on itself.

A

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between genes and chromosomes? A. Genes are DNA sequences found on chromosomes B. Chromosomes contain genes composed of amino acids C. Chromosomes are DNA sequences found on genes D. Genes contain chromosomes composed of amino acids

D -- the ion possesses 14 neutrons. The total of neutrons plus protons is the atomic weight, which is shown as approaching 27

Which of the following statements describes an ion of the isotope Aluminum-27? A. The ion has 13 neurons B. The atom has a mass number of 14 C. The atom has 27 electrons D. The ion has an electric charge of +3

D -- Photosynthesis occurs in bacteria, certain protists, and plants. Oxidative respiration occurs in aerobes (bacteria and fungi), animals, plants, and protists

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the organisms in which photosynthesis and oxidative respiration occur? A. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants, whereas oxidative respiration occurs in all life forms B. Photosynthesis occurs in many prokaryotes and some eukaryotes, whereas oxidative respiration occurs only in aerobic eukaryotes C. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants, whereas oxidative respiration occurs only in animals D. Photosynthesis occurs in many prokaryotes and eukaryotes, whereas oxidative respiration occurs in only aerobic prokaryotes and eukaryotes

D

Which of the following synovial joints is shown in this image? A. Plane B. Hinge C. Pivot D. Ball-and-socket

A -- anabolism describes the endothermic process by which bonds are formed between molecules to make larger molecules

Which of the following terms describes the bonding together of smaller molecules to form larger molecules? A. Anabolism B. Catalysis C. Catabolism D. Anaphylaxis

C

Which of the following will likely happen in the case of blocked and injured ureters? A. Frequent urination B. No urine formation C. Reduced flow of urine to the bladder D. Bladder stretches due to an increase in urine volume

B -- melanocytes produce the pigment called melanin, which gives skin its color. in the absence of melanocytes, the skin will not be able to produce the pigment melanin and will have pale and white appearance

Which of the following will occur in the absence of melanocytes in the skin? A. The skin will have a thin dermis B. The skin will not have pigmentation C. The skin will get tanned on exposure to sunlight D. The skin will not be able to maintain its temperature

C -- HCl is an ionic compound and dissociates into charged particles called ions. Because water molecules are polar, water is a good solvent for ions

Which of these substances will best dissolve in water? A. CH4 B. CCl4 C. HCl D. N2

C -- means the same as "breathing": the intake and expulsion of air using the lungs

Which of these terms specifically means the intake and expulsion of air using the lungs? A. Inspiration B. Aeration C. Ventilation D. Oxygenation

A -- Often scientists will make such a working hypothesis and assume an entity that fits the observed data. This strategy allows for experimental testing

"Dark matter" is a form of energy proposed to explain the repulsive forces between matter in the universe. It has never been observed directly. Which of the following is the best rationale for many scientists' contention that it exists? A. It serves as a working hypothesis to explain real observations in the universe B. A basic scientific principle is to consider everything possible until proven otherwise C. Since light energy exists in the universe, dark energy must also exist D. Light energy from distant stars is very faint because it is absorbed by dark energy

C -- A single variety is a clone of a high-yielding plant, and it has no genetic variation. All the cloned plants are susceptible to the virus. Variation is a prerequisite of adaptation to changing environments.

A field containing a single variety of commercial bananas is devastated by a virus. Nearby, wild banana groves with similar plant destinies shows infection, but many plants remain healthy. Which of the following statements best explains this observation? A. Crowded fields lead to higher plant stress and greater susceptibility to infection B. Density-dependent shading in the commercial fields leads to rapid spread of viruses in damp soil C. Wild bananas have more genetic variation, and some plants are resistant to the banana virus D. Commercial bananas are genetically modified and less robust than wild bananas — Genetic modification of commercial plants does not necessarily correlate with plant health.

D -- Transcription is the process by which a gene, encoded in DNA, is copied into a messenger RNA. RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil base.

A gene is being copied into a molecule that contains ribose and uracil. Which of the following cellular processes does this describe? A. DNA replication B. Translation C. Gene splicing D. Transcription

B

A patient who has a mutation that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is trying a therapy that will use their own somatic stem cells to restore their insulin production. Before their stem cells can be used for therapy, which of the following should be done? A. The stem cells should be inactivated with UV radiation B. A normal gene should be supplied in place of the defective one before therapy C. The patient should be advised that the genetically altered cells will be passed on to offspring D. The patient should be tested to ensure that their body will not reject the stem cells

B

A student is assigned the task of measuring the weight of one tennis ball using a scale for which the zero adjustment on the balance is not working. The student is given three balls and the can in which they were packaged. Which of the following strategies will provide the best determination of the correct weight? A. Weigh each ball separately and average the results. B. Weigh the empty can, weigh the can with a ball in it, and compute the difference between the two. C. Weigh the three balls together and divide by three. D. Weigh each ball separately, adjusting the beam weights from below first, and then from above. Then, average the results.

A

A student observes that when the mercury rises and falls in a thermometer, the particles do not stick to the sides of the glass tube. However, when honey is poured from one glass container to another, the particles stick to the walls of the container. Which of the following explains the observation? A. Mercury is more cohesive and less adhesive than honey B. Mercury is less cohesive and more adhesive than honey C. Mercury is less cohesive and less adhesive than honey D. Mercury is more cohesive and more adhesive than honey

C

A student placed 20 mL of NaOH solution in a beaker and added mL of HCl to it. Which of the following would happen when the two substances are mixed? A. Hydrogen gas is released B. Carbon dioxide gas is produced C. The pH of the resultant is reduced D. The concentration of OH- ions is increased

A

A student wants to design an experiment to demonstrate the effects of acid rain on plant life. Which of the following substances should be combined with water to simulate acid rain? A. Vinegar B. Table salt C. Baking soda D. Ammonia

D

A student wants to study how friction affects the distance traveled by a marble on a surface. A marble was pushed on four different surfaces with the same force and the time taken for it to travel 1 meter was noted. What experimental term is used to define the condition of pushing the marble with same force on all four surfaces? A. Data collection B. Dependent variable C. Independent variable D. Experimental constant

C

For which of the following temperature scales is 0 degrees equal to the freezing point of water? A. Kelvin B. Fahrenheit C. Celsius D. Newton