Attribution Dimensions
Consensus Dimension
Are other people behaving the same way - external - or differently - internal?
Consistency
Are they behaving the same way they have in this situation before - internal?
Causation
Did they do the action?
Forseeability
Did they know what would happen before it did?
Intentionality
Did they mean for the action to occur? Evaluating their reaction
Distinctiveness
How they have behaved in situations similar to this one, such as person is late to class and meetings
Association Level
Is that person associated with the action?
Justifiability
Is there a potential external cause that was the true reason for the behavior?
Self-Regulation
ability to regulate your behavior to a certain set point when you get out-of-sync with a situation
Self-Discrepancy Theory
actual self vs ideal self where if they are very different from each other, it indicates low self-esteem
Basking in Reflective Glory aka BIRGing
associating yourself with someone or some group who is doing well
Internal Attribution
based on dispositional/your own factors
External Attribution
based on outside influences/situations
Social Comparison Theory
even when we have an objective sense of how good we are, we still look to other people to compare ourselves to people who are similar to us, especially in unfamiliar experiences
Self-Monitoring
if good at: picking up the cues in a situation and adjusting your behavior to fit the other people in the situation vs if bad at: let personality drive their behavior in every situation
Heider's Levels of Responsibility
levels of building a case that the behavior is internally caused
Unstable Internal
mood motivation
Hedonism
more likely to make an internal attribution if it influences your emotions, whether positively or negatively
Personalism
more likely to make an internal attribution of someone's behavior if it's directed at you, such as you being cut off vs someone else being cut off in traffic
Actor-Observer Effect
our tendency to consider the external factors of our own behavior, due to: Ego-Defense, access to more information about motivations/influences, desire for consistency in other people
Stable Internal
personality traits
Muhammad Ali Effect
pick the dimensions to evaluate ourselves on depending on what we're good at
Stable External
re-occurring situation
Egocentric Bias
remember things about ourselves better than things about other people, and we remember them in our favor
Downward Comparison
socially compare to someone who's worse than you to make yourself feel better
Self-Serving Bias
tendency to make internal attributions for success and external for failure
Fundamental Attribution Error aka Correspondence Bias
tendency to overestimate the internal causes for other's behavior, due to: salience of people, our desire for stable expectations, and the Just World Phenomena
Self-Esteem
the affective component of self that indicates how we feel about ourselves
Self-Presentation
the behavioral component on self where you may engage in ego-depleting impression management
Just World Phenomena
the belief that the world is fair and people get what they deserve, which leads to Victim Blaming
Self-Concept
the complex and resistant to change cognitive component of the self gathered through introspection and comparison to others
Self-Awareness
the degree to which you have self-focused attention (are focused on yourself) where a high awareness can be good motivation
Looking Glass Self
the way we look at ourselves is partly based on how others treat us
Common Effects
things that are common between the behaviors
Non-Common Effects
things that are different between the behaviors
Unstable External
unpredictable situation
Kelley's Cube
using other information outside of the person's current behavior to make an attribution
Correspondent Inference Theory
using the difference in the number of Common Effects vs Non-Common Effects to attribute the behavior to an exact reason
Self-Handicapping
when you expect to fail at something, you purposefully set up an external reason to explain the failure