Autonomic Nervous System
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system will 1. increase blood glucose 2. decrease blood glucose 3. distribute more blood to the kidney
1
Activation of muscarinic receptors will 1. cause skeletal muscle contraction 2. increase heart rate 3. increase sweating
3
Which of the following neurotransmitters does not bind to adrenergic receptors?
Ach
Nicotinic receptors
are found in all autonomic ganglia.
Which is NOT part of the sympathetic nervous system?
ciliary ganglion
Cholinergic neurons are named after the neurotransmitters that they release, the catecholamines.
false
Release of acetylcholine by postganglionic cells will
increase digestion.
The sympathetic division of the ANS is called the thoracolumbar division because:
its preganglionic neurons' cell bodies are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord
Which of the following sympathetic responses is mismatched with its body part?
liver - increased glycogen synthesis
Which would be found in the anterior root of a thoracic spinal nerve?
somatic motor neurons
Which statement is false in reference to the autonomic ganglia?
the terminal ganglia lie near the bellies of skeletal muscles
Select the true statement about the greater splanchnic nerves
they secrete AC.
Some physiological responses require activation of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system; the hypothalamus regulates this balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
true
Sympathetic activity would increase blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles. Blood vessels supplying heart and skeletal muscle have a1 receptors.
true
Acetylcholine binds to 1. nicotinic receptors 2. muscarinic receptors 3. alpha receptors
1,2
Stimulation of muscarinic receptors 1. can increase the activity of organs 2. can decrease the activity of organs 3. only affects organs supplied by the parasympathetic nervous system
1,2
The myenteric plexus of the enteric division of the nervous system 1. is larger than the submucosal plexus 2. is located between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle in the GI tract 3. is located between the muscularis mucosa and the smooth muscle of the gut
1,2
Acetylcholine is released 1. at the neuromuscular junctions 2. within sympathetic ganglia 3. within parasympathetic ganglia
1,2,3
Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors 1. are sensitive to epinephrine and norepinephrine 2. have several subclasses 3. mediate response to the sympathetic nervous system
1,2,3
The enteric division of the nervous system 1. consists of nerves and ganglia within the walls of the gastrointestinal tract 2. regulates both the contraction of the smooth muscle of the GI tract and secretion of the glands of digestion 3. works with the vagus nerve
1,2,3
Most people have conscious control over their autonomic nervous system.
False
The sympathetic division will
Increase heart rate
Which would be an example of a condition in the body not controlled by autonomic reflexes?
Option C: tracking a bird flying by
The autonomic nervous system operates by reflex arcs that include sensory neurons, integrating centers that are mainly in the hypothalamus and brain stem, and motor neurons.
True
An agonist is:
a substance that activates a receptor producing the same effect as a neurotransmitter.
In the heart muscle itself, norepinephrine binds to
beta 1 receptors.
During periods of rest and recovery, the sympathetic activity to glands and smooth muscles predominates over parasympathetic activity.
false
The parasympathetic division would increase the heart rate of a person startled by oncoming traffic.
false
The sympathetic division is referred to as the thoracolumbar region because it has postganglionic neuron cell bodies located in the lateral horns of gray matter in the 12 thoracic segments and the first two lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
false
Which of the following is NOT associated with autonomic dysreflexia?
fingers and toes turning blue when a person is cold
Chromaffin cells
have the same embryological origin as the sympathetic postganglionic cells.
What part of the nervous system is the main control and integrative center of the autonomic nervous system?
hypothalamus
The fight or flight response involves all of the following EXCEPT:
increase in digestive tract activity to mobilize glucose.
The cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the
spinal cord
Which of the following comparisons of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic nervous system (SNS) is not true?
the SNS contains motor neurons which are only excitatory
The definition of autonomic tone is:
the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
Which of the following does not describe the autonomic nervous system?
the effectors are primarily skeletal muscles
Which of the following effects does not occur during the fight-or-flight response?
the pupils constrict
The Sympathetic division is associated with excitement or embarrassment.
true
The parasympathetic NS is also called the craniosacral division because it includes four cranial nerves and spinal nerves from S2-S4.
true
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is called an energy conservation/restoration system because it supports body functions that conserve and restore energy during periods of rest and recovery.
true
The parasympathetic postganglionic axon extends from the terminal ganglion to the effector.
true
The primary difference between an autonomic reflex arc and a somatic reflex arc is that the former has two motor neurons connecting the CNS to an effector.
true
The primary reason that the sympathetic division of the ANS produces immediate responses within the body is based on the concept of divergence.
true
Which organ is matched incorrectly with either its sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglion?
urinary bladder - superior mesenteric ganglion
