AVS 3100-Animal Health
adaptive immune system include
B, T cell, antibodies
Disease/Illness
a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body
Antibodies
adaptive; slow response; memory
how does bacteria reproduce
binary fission
resistant animals
capable of wading off specific pathogens
Non-Infectious Diseaase
caused by non-living agents; non-contagious; environmental or internal
Who is Robert Koch and what did he do?
demonstrated animals injected with anthrax die; able to show progression and causative agent of diseases
Delafond
demostrated anthrax from infected sheep blood could reproduce
Pasteur
developed a vaccine to anthrax
Infectious Disease
disease resulting from the entrance, growth, and activity of organisms, viruses, and/or prions in or on the animals body
examples of protozoa
diseases like malaria, coccidiosis, giardiasis
first line of defense
endogenous antibacterials, enzymes, epithelial barriers, stomach acid, mucus, normal biome of the body
what occurred in the 1880s?
experiments with bacteria and anthrax
5 stages of responses to disease?
fear of disease, disease management, causes of diseases discovered, discovery of antibiotics, prevention of disease
Resistance imparted by,,,
first line and second line of defense
example of dermotropic viruses
foot and mouth
Saprophytes
generally harmless; live in the outside world
internal causes of noninfectious disease
genetic/epigenetic, metabolic disorders
anaerobic glycolysis (process)
glycogen-glucose-pyruvic acid (insufficient oxygen)-lactate
aerobic glycolysis (process)
glycogen-glucose-pyruvic acid (sufficient oxygen)-CO2 + H2O (ATP)
pathogens
harmful, parasitic, adapted to survive off host
what resulted from fear of disease
ignorance and superstition
what two type of diseases are there?
infectious and non-infectious
examples of pneumotropic viruses
influenza, rhinotracheitis
second line of defense
innate immune system and adaptive immune system
Phagocytes
innate; rapid response
Susceptible animals
lack of resistance for that pathogen
innate immune system include
microphage and neutrophil
what occurred in the 1600s?
microscopes were invented
examples of fungi
molds, yeasts, smuts, blights, mildews, toadstools
aerobic glycolysis
needs oxygen to function
Opportunistic Microbes
normal biome of animal; generally beneficial, becomes harmful if animal becomes immune
prions
not a living organism; protein; unique "transmissible agents"; no RNA or DNA
Viruses
not a living organisms; DNA or RNA; dermotropic, pneumotropic, neurotropic
environmental causes of noninfectious disease
nutritional toxicities/deficiencies; trauma; toxicants
Anaerobic Glycolysis
occurs without oxygen
what did the discovery of antibiotics lead to?
overuse of those medications
examples of neurotropic viruses
rabies
Why aren't we all sick?
resistant animals; challenge<resistance; have 2 lines of defense
fungi
simple plants; no chlorophyll, live of dead/live animals and plants
Protozoa
single-celled (eukaryotes), endocytose food
Bacteria
single-celled microscopic organisms (prokaryotes), variety of environmental niches, shapes, and sizes
what appeared from disease management
specialists/professionals appear; st.anthony's fire
basic shapes of bacteria
spherical, rods, spiral shaped, comma shaped, filament shaped, spores
what occurred in the 1400s?
suspicion of minute invisible particles (germs); germs "living seeds of disease"
Healthy Animal
the state of being free from illness or injury
what came from prevention of diseases?
vaccinations, sanitations
