Axial Skeleton/Exterior Skull

Mandible Ramus

(branch); extend superiorly from body towards temporal. Superior end has condyle and coronoid process

Nasal Conchae

3 bony shelves that form lateral walls of nasal cavity; inferior nasal concha is seperate bone, and middle and superior nasal conchae are projections from ethmoid bone. increases surface of nasal cavity to faciliate moistening, removal of particles and warming of air inhaled

Orbits of Skull

Cone-shaped fossae w/their apices oriented posteriorly. Provides protection for eyes and attachement points for muscles that move eyes. Contains Nasolacrimal canal and Optic canal

Superior View of Skull Bones

Contains 2 Parietal Bones, Frontal Bone, Saggital Suture and Corneal Suture; Parietal bones joined midline by Sagittal Suture and Parietal bones are connected to Frontal Bone by Corneal Suture

Anterior View of Skull

Major structures are frontal bone (forehead), zygomatic bones (cheekbones), maxillae, and mandible. Maxilla and mandible bear teeth. Contain Orbits and Nasal cavities

Paranasal Sinuses Names

Named for bones in which they are found: Frontal, Maxillary, Ethmoidal, Sphenoidal

Bones of Nasal Cavity

Nasal cavity, Nasal septum (vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid), Nasal conchae (inferior, middle and supior)

Posterior View of Skull

Parietal and Occipital bones, Lambdoid suture, Sutural Bones, External occipital protuberance, Ligamentum nuchae, Nuchal lines

Lateral View of Skull

Parietal bones, Squamous part of temporal bone, Squamous suture, Temperal Bone, Greater wing of sphenoid, Zygomatic bones, Maxilla, Mandible

Axial Skeleton

Skull, mandible, hyoid, vertebtal column, thoracic (rib) cage, sternum, sacrum, coccyx. Forms uprite axis of body and protects brain, spinal cord, vital organs in thoracic region

Mandibular Condyle

articualtes w/mandiblar fossa of the temporal bone

Number of Bones Chart

average adult has 206 bones

Lambdoid Suture

between parietals and occipital bone

Greater Wing of Sphenoid

bone immediately anterior to the temporal bone - appears to be 2 bones, one on each side of skull, is actually single bone extending across skull

Zygomatic Arch

consists of joined processes from temporal and zygomatic bones, forms bridge across side of skull. Easily felt on side of face, muscles on each side of arch can be felt as mandible opens and closes

Nasal Septum

divides nasal cavity into right and left halves; bony part is vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid, Hyaline cartialge anterior part

Ligamentum Nachae

elastic ligament that extend down neck and helps keep head erect by pulling on occipital region of skull; attaches to external occipital protuberance

Mandible Body

extends anteroposteriorly

Sutrual bones

extra small bones that may be present form along lambdoid suture: variable

Parietal Bones and Squamous Part of Temp. Bone

form most of side of skull

Temporal Bone

has External auditory meatus, Mastoid process, Temporal lines, Zygomatic process of Zygomatic arch

Squamous Suture

joins the parietal and temporal bone

Paranasal Sinuses

large cavities within several bones of nasal cavity, Functions: decrease skull weight and act as resonating chambers, Named for bone in which they are found (frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal)

Mandible

lower jaw; inferior to maxilla and atriculates w/the temporal bone. consists of 2 main portions: body (extends anteroposteriorly) and ramus (extends superiorly from body toward temperal) w/condyle and coronoid processes

Parietal & Occipital Bones

major structures of skull

Nasolacrimal Canal

nasolacrimal ducts passes through from orbit into the nasal cavity, carrying tears from eyes to nasal cavity

Alveolar Process of Maxilla and Manible

of maxilla - contains superior (upper) teeth of mandible - contains inferior (lower) teeth

External Occipital Protuberance

on occipital bone and can be felt through scalp at base of head; site of attachment for Ligamentum Nuchae which helps keep head erect

Optic Canal

optic nerve for vision passes from eye through canal at posterior apex of orbit and enters cranial cavity

Zygomatic bones

or cheekbone which can be easily seen and felt on face; anterior to sphenoid bone - has temporal process of the zygomatic arch

Skull

or cranium; Protects the brain, supports organs of vision, hearing smell, taste, and provides foundation for structures taht take air, food and water into body.

Nasal Cavity

pear-shaped, open anteriorly

Mastoid Process

posterior and inferior to auditory canal - large inferior proection. Can be seen and felt as a prominent lump just posterior to the ear. Not solid bone and filled w/mastoid air cells which are connected to inner ear.

External Auditory Meatus (Canal)

prominent feature of temporal bone - large hole surrounded by external ear

Nuchal Lines

set of small ridges that are neck muscle attachment points

Temporal Lines

superior and inferior lines - attachment points of temporalis muscles, on of major muscles of mastication, arch across lateral surface of parietal bone

Mandibluar Corondoid Process

temporalis muscle, one of chewing muscles, attaches

Maxilla

upper jaw; anterior and inferior to zygomatic bone to which its joines;