BA 1301 Chapter 9
Allowing workers to work full-time hours in fewer than five days is called ______.
A compressed workweek
Flextime can be described as ______.
A program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times, provided that they are at work during a specified core period
Job enrichment incorporates which three motivational factors into the design of the job?
Advancement Recognition Achievement
Reinforcement theory is associated with which of the following?
Behavior modification
The idea that managers can change employee behavior by administering consequences related to the employee's actions is called ______.
Behavior modification
Choose all of the benefits associated with flextime scheduling strategies
Better utilization of facilities Better customer service due to increased hours of coverage Better recruitment and retention of workers
In the workplace, which of the following would most relate to esteem needs?
Competition
Lee works 40 hours per week, typically working 10 hours per day Monday through Thursday, and taking a three-day weekend. Lee works a ______ workweek
Compressed
An employee who feels emotional involvement and commitment to their work is said to be ______.
Engaged
Job _____ adds more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate.
Enlargement
Job _____ incorporates opportunities for achievement, recognition, and responsibility into a job, giving workers not only more tasks, but more control and authority over the job.
Enrichment
What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?
Equity
_______ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.
Equity
Victor Vroom's _______ theory states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it.
Expectancy
The basis of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory is that motivation and effort is affected by ______.
Expectations of achieving a desirable outcome
Benefits and/or recognition that you receive from someone else such as a bonus or award certificate is a(n) ______ reward.
Extrinsic
According to equity theory, if you perceive that your personal input-output ratio is ______ than that of your co-worker, you may feel that you are being treated unfairly.
Lower
An employee's attitude toward his or her job, employer, and colleagues is referred to as that employee's ______.
Morale
A person who recognizes a need and takes action to satisfy the need and achieve a goal is said to be _______
Motivated
When a need is unmet, Maslow states that people will be _____ to fill it.
Motivated
An inner drive that causes humans to act, whether it is eating to reduce hunger or studying for an exam to get a good grade is referred to as ______.
Motivation
_______ explains why people behave as they do or, at times, why people avoid doing what they should do.
Motivation
Herzberg studied the relationship between _______.
Motivation and job-related factors
Vroom's expectancy theory states that ______.
Motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it
An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people ______.
Naturally like to work
A ____ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state.
Need
Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?
Pay increase
An assumption made by a Theory X manager about people is that ______.
People have little ambition
What three assumptions are made by a Theory Y manager about people?
People like to work. People are motivated by a variety of rewards. People seek responsibility.
Select assumptions made by Theory X managers about people.
People must be controlled and forced to work. People are motivated to avoid punishment. People prefer to avoid work.
Water, food, shelter, and clothing are essential for life and are considered _____ needs by Maslow.
Physiological
According to Maslow, which need level refers to things essential to survival, such as water, food, and shelter?
Physiological needs
Why should managers be concerned with the study of human relations?
Positive interpersonal relationships among employees are related to high morale and motivation in the workplace. Effectively motivating employees keeps them engaged in their work. Motivated employees achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively.
Time and motion studies conducted by Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in the early 20th century focused on how workers perform specific work tasks in an effort to improve ________.
Productivity
The results of the Hawthorne studies found that ______.
Productivity increased regardless of the physical conditions
A Theory X manager would most likely ______.
Provide constant suoervision
_______ unacceptable behavior may provide quick results but may lead to undesirable long-term side effects, such as employee dissatisfaction and increased turnover.
Punishing
According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor?
Recognition
Edwin's car has been breaking down frequently and now it won't start altogether. He must have a car to get to work, so he has been shopping around for a new car. He just signed the paperwork today on a new vehicle and couldn't be happier! What is the "need" in this scenario?
Requiring a car for work and not having one that functions
Greg's team was given the task of updating the company's invoice and billing system. They completed the project ahead of schedule and came in way under budget. As a result, everyone on the team received a bonus. This is an example of a(n) ______ reward.
Extrinsic
Something given to you by someone else in recognition of good work is referred to as a(n) ______ reward.
Extrinsic
True or false: Punishment will provide quick results and is a more effective way to modify behavior in the workplace than offering a reward.
False
Select three examples of intrinsic rewards.
Feeling that your work contributes to society Feeling that your work contributes to the company Personal satisfaction
Flextime, compressed workweeks, job sharing, part-time work, and telecommuting are all _____ scheduling strategies.
Flexible
______ has benefits for both companies and employees in that it increases a company's ability to recruit and retain workers and allows employees to balance work and home life by allowing them to choose their starting and ending times, as long as they are there during a specified core period.
Flextime
Which theory states that goals act as motivators to focus employee efforts on achieving certain performance outcomes?
Goal-setting theory
Goal-setting theory assumes which three of the following?
Goals act as motivators. Goals help employees develop consistent behavior patterns. Goals direct employee efforts toward an outcome.
When a worker's productivity increases regardless of the physical conditions of the workplace, this is referred to as the ______ effect.
Hawthorne
Which researcher studied motivation specifically related to the workplace and determined that a variety of hygiene and motivational factors impact worker motivation?
Herzberg
Select the three organizational outcomes of high morale?
High returns to stakeholders High levels of productivity High employee loyalty
Managers who strive to understand how to boost workplace morale, maximize productivity, and motivate employees to be more effective are concerned with the study of ______.
Human Relations
Which area of the organizational environment seeks to understand what motivates employees to perform on the job?
Human Relations
The study of the behavior of individuals and groups in organizational settings is referred to as _____.
Human relations
What was the main objective of the time and motion studies conducted by Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth?
Increase worker motivation
What are the most likely possible outcomes of job rotation?
Increased motivation Reduced boredom
The rationale behind job enlargement is that jobs are more interesting and satisfying as the number of tasks performed by an individual _____.
Increases
In equity theory, a worker's contribution to the organization is referred to as his or her _______, while rewards offered by the organization are referred to as _______.
Inputs Outputs
After working for months to learn how to use a drill press, Taryn finally mastered the use of the tool. She is pleased that her hard work paid off. This is an example of a(n) ______ reward.
Intrinsic
Feeling personal satisfaction refers to what type of reward?
Intrinsic
An example of Maslow's hierarchy is when a person has eaten a six-course meal and ______.
Is no longer motivated by hunger
Ann works as a receptionist for a large company. Since the job is fairly repetitive, Ann gets bored easily. Her company recently offered Ann the opportunity to rotate to other departments in administrative jobs so she can learn new skills related to the other departments. This is an example of __________ _________.
Job Rotation
Job rotation, job enrichment, and flexible scheduling are examples of ______.
Job design strategies
The job design strategy that involves adding more tasks to a job is called _____.
Job enlargement
A job design strategy that attempts to alleviate the boredom associated with job specialization by allowing employees to move from one job to another is ______.
Job rotation
All of the following are flexible scheduling strategies EXCEPT ______.
Job rotation
Which three are job design strategies used to improve employee motivation?
Job rotation Job enrichment Flexible scheduling
Based on Herzberg's theory, which element is a hygiene factor?
Job security
According to Herzberg, hygiene factors at work would include ______.
Job security Good working conditions
Jack has elderly parents he needs to care for and he would like to cut his hours down to half-time. Which flexible scheduling strategy might work for Jack?
Job sharing
In his classical theory of motivation, Frederick Taylor proposed two things that he thought would improve worker productivity. What were they?
Job specialization Linking pay to output
Esteem needs are related to _____.
Respect
B.F. Skinner, a psychologist who developed behavior modification, theory found that behavior that is ______ will tend to be increased, whereas behavior that is ______ will tend to be eliminated.
Rewarded Punished
Job ____ involves moving workers from one task to the next to make work more interesting and motivating.
Rotation
Job _____ does not totally eliminate the problem of boredom because employees may eventually become bored with all the jobs in the cycle.
Rotation
Job ________ is extremely useful in situations where a person is being trained for a position that requires an understanding of various units in an organization.
Rotation
The need to protect yourself from physical and economic harm fits the _____ need category, according to Maslow.
Security
Select from the following the needs that are represented in Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Security Esteem Social Self-actualization Physiological
Rank Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the order in which people strive to satisfy them. The first need that people attempt to satisfy should be at the bottom of your list and the highest developed need should be at the top of your list.
Self-actualization needs Esteem needs Social needs Security needs Physiological needs
Which of the following is NOT a level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Self-awareness
When two people do what is traditionally one job, it is called job ____.
Sharing
A person's desire to be accepted by others is a reflection of their _____ needs.
Social
Joining a group, volunteering, or throwing a party are all ways an individual might satisfy their ____ needs.
Social
Which of the following flexible scheduling strategies involves employees working from home while connected to the workplace via computers and telephones?
Telecommuting
Workers who work at home and are connected to the workplace by computers and telephones are called ________.
Teleworkers
Mayo's findings in the Hawthorne studies revealed that workers were responding to ______.
The attention they received
Which motivation theory suggests that money is the sole motivator for workers?
The classical theory
How would a manager subscribing to Theory Z manage his or her employees?
The management style would be participative; managers and workers share responsibilities
Which of the following is a security need?
The need for health insurance
According to Herzberg, which of the following accurately describes motivational factors?
The presence of motivational factors is likely to motivate employees to excel.
McGregor constructed two views of management--the traditional view, which he called _______, and a humanistic view, which he called _______.
Theory X Theory Y
McGregor's humanistic view of management is called ______
Theory Y
_____ is a management philosophy that emphasizes employee participation in all aspects of company decision making.
Theory Z
True or false: According to the equity theory, each worker develops a personal input-output ratio to compare the his or her inputs with the outputs or rewards offered by the organization.
True
True or false: The initial result of the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that no matter what the levels of light and noise were, worker productivity increased simply because the workers liked the attention they received by being part of a study.
True
True or false: With job sharing, the company has the benefit of the skills of two people for one job.
True
According to equity theory, in order to restore equity or fairness of a work situation a worker may ______.
Try to increase his or her own outputs Try to have the inputs of coworkers increased
According to Maslow, the difference between satisfied and unsatisfied needs is that ______.
Unsatisfied needs continue to motivate
What two examples are characteristic of a manager with a Theory X mentality?
Very busy checking others Telling people what to do and how to do it
Job enlargement is a job design strategy ______.
Where more tasks are added to a job
According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as ______.
Wishing to avoid responsibility
Which of the following is a characteristic of an engaged worker?
Works with a commitment to the organization
