BAPA 5131 Chapters 3 & 4

An individual who believes in ethical normativism is most likely to view ethical behavioral standards as

Universal

In cross-border business, successful managers ________.

are empathetic to cultural differences

Managers with a geocentric view of the world ________.

are generally better at understanding and accommodating similarities and differences among cultures

cross-cultural risk

arises from a situation or event in which a cultural misunderstanding puts some human value at stake.

Which of the following is NOT true about Islam? Islam condemns charging interest for money loaned. Islam discourages free trade. Islam prohibits drinking alcoholic drinks . Islam prohibits gambling.

Islam discourages free trade

low-context culture

relies on elaborate verbal explinations

Which of the following is a cultural barrier inherent to service firms that internationalize via FDI? A) Service firms are unable to infiltrate international markets due to language issues. B) The source of a firm's funding determines the location of its international subsidiaries. C) A firm's corporate culture is overly influenced by its national culture. D) Firms that internationalize via FDI usually make large spending cuts on advertising campaigns.

A firm's corporate culture is overly influenced by its national culture.

Harold Meyer is the vice president of a successful U.S. restaurant chain. He is getting ready to transfer to the Gulf Arab region to help establish the restaurant chain in Saudi Arabia. He is in the process of gathering information to learn about Saudi culture. Harold decides to drop alcoholic drinks from the restaurant chain menu in Saudi Arabia. Which of the following might have led to his decision? A) Imported alcoholic drinks are more expensive than local drinks. B) Alcoholic drinks are not allowed in Saudi Arabia. C) Saudi consumers prefer European alcoholic drinks . D) Saudi consumers prefer local alcoholic drinks.

Alcoholic drinks are not allowed in Saudi Arabia

________ are letters, figures, colors, or other characters that communicate a meaning.

Symbols

Which of the following religions has the largest number of adherents?

Christianity

Sid Maxwell is the head of legal affairs at Hudson Inc., an American toy manufacturer. Hudson's signature toy, the Witty Parakeet, includes an embedded software program that allows the bird to interact with children. Hudson is currently planning to expand its market in Asia but Sid is concerned about reports of software piracy in the region. Which of the following can extend legal protection to Hudson's proprietary software used in its toys? A) a trademark B) users' licenses C) patent D) copyright

Copywrite

Which of the following can extend legal protection to Hudson's proprietary software used in its toys? a copyright a patent a users' license a trademark

Copywrite

________ refers to a distinctive tradition or institution strongly associated with a particular society

Cultural Metaphor

________ refers to a distinctive tradition or institution strongly associated with a particular society.

Cultural Metaphor

________ refers to the values, beliefs, customs, arts, and other products of human thought and work that characterize the people of a given society.

Culture

An international human rights organization recommends that its member countries review their human rights policies on a periodic basis to ensure that their governments are upholding ethical standards for the treatment of prisoners. Which of the following represents the most effective reasoning in support of the organization's recommendation? A) Ethical policies and practices tend to remain consistent within the same country over time. B) Nations should emphasize more on rehabilitation than retribution in their treatment of prisoners. C) Ethical standards change over time, so national policies should be updated as necessary. D) Nations should enforce only those ethical standards that have been adopted by other nations.

Ethical standards change over time, so national policies should be updated as necessary.

Using one's own culture as a standard for judging other cultures is known as

Ethnocentric oreintation

Freedom Shoes Inc., a sports shoe company, is considering entering into a contract with an overseas vendor to expand its production capacity. The company investigated several suppliers and found one vendor to be the most attractive in terms of cost and manufacturing efficiency. However, Freedom's managers have heard reports that the vendor operates factories with sweatshop conditions. Sean, a senior manager in Freedom, adheres to the relativist view regarding ethical standards. He goes by the rule, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." Sean is most likely to agree strongly with which of the following views? A) Freedom should not hire foreign managers. B) Freedom should passively accept the practices that prevail in countries where it does business. C) Freedom should not partner with foreign business entities. D) Freedom should institute a single global code of conduct for all its employees and suppliers.

Freedom should passively accept the practices that prevail in countries where it does business.

________ is the procurement of products or services from suppliers located abroad.

Global sourcing

Which of the following managers portrays high uncertainty avoidance? A) James is the business head of marketing in a leading automobile manufacturing company. He coaches his team members to become accustomed to risk and organizational change. B) David manages the technical team at TR Solutions. He is open to different opinions from team members and is not threatened by differing opinions. C) Greg manages the market development fund team for a leading computer manufacturing firm. He is entrepreneurial and makes decisions quickly under tough situations. D) Henry is the managing editor at Paes publications. He emphasizes careful evaluation of all options and ensuring they are consistent with company policies, which often slows down the progress.

Henry

Which of the following is true with regard to the rights approach? A) It produces the greatest balance of good over harm to customers, employees, shareholders, the community, and the natural environment. B) According to the rights approach, the most important virtues are truth and prudence. C) It is based on the belief that, regardless of how you deal with an ethical dilemma, human dignity must be preserved. D) It is based on the belief that the best action treats everyone equally and fairly.

It is based on the belief that, regardless of how you deal with an ethical dilemma, human dignity must be preserved.

Which of the following is true with regard to the rights approach? A) It produces the greatest balance of good over harm to customers, employees, shareholders, the community, and the natural environment. B) It is based on the belief that, regardless of how you deal with an ethical dilemma, human dignity must be preserved. C) It is based on the belief that the best action treats everyone equally and fairly. D) According to the rights approach, the most important virtues are truth and prudence.

It is based on the belief that, regardless of how you deal with an ethical dilemma, human dignity must be preserved.

Which of the following is true about language? Language does not entail facial expressions and gestures. Business jargons are common across cultures. Language has both verbal and nonverbal characteristics. National languages, dialects, and translation facilitate straightforward communication.

Language has both verbal and non verbal characteristics

The Tag-Mart chain of discount superstores is nearing completion of its new supercenter in Tokyo. The Tokyo store is the first foreign store for the large U.S.-based company. Tag-Mart offers a large variety of products at virtually unbeatable prices. A group of Tag-Mart representatives has traveled to Tokyo to inspect the new store and hire a store manager. The top two contenders for the position are Hisako Aoki and Takematsu Sato. Aoki has 25 years of experience managing a local department store renowned for its customer service. Sato, born and raised in Japan, earned a college degree in the U.S. before working six years as a manager at a Texas Tag-Mart. Which of the following, if true, most supports the decision to operate the Tokyo store in a manner similar to Tag-Mart stores in the U.S.? A) Customer service is of utmost importance to local shoppers. B) Other supercenter stores in Tokyo have gone out of business in the last year. C) Local shoppers desire both efficiency and low prices. D) Finding efficient and knowledgeable employees in Tokyo is difficult.

Local shoppers desire both efficiency and low prices.

Acme Ethical Standards (Scenario)Four senior managers of Acme International meet to discuss strategies for improving ethical practices in the company's worldwide operations. Jang heads the company's manufacturing division in China, while Luis and Marta are based in the Finland and U.S. sales divisions, respectively. Geoff manages the research and development office, based in Brazil. Who among the following managers is most likely to raise concern over the ban on advertising directed at children in his/her country?

Luis

________ confer the exclusive right to manufacture, use, and sell products or processes.

Patents

The Tag-Mart chain of discount superstores is nearing completion of its new supercenter in Tokyo. The Tokyo store is the first foreign store for the large U.S.-based company. Tag-Mart offers a large variety of products at virtually unbeatable prices. A group of Tag-Mart representatives has traveled to Tokyo to inspect the new store and hire a store manager. The top two contenders for the position are Hisako Aoki and Takematsu Sato. Aoki has 25 years of experience managing a local department store renowned for its customer service. Sato, born and raised in Japan, earned a college degree in the U.S. before working six years as a manager at a Texas Tag-Mart. Which of the following best supports the selection of Sato over Aoki? A) Sato is familiar with both Tag-Mart operations as well as the local customs in Japan. B) Sato is clearly more relationship-oriented than Aoki. C) Sato is no more skilled in employee training techniques than Aoki. D) Sato is likely to discourage homogenization of cultures.

Sato is familiar with both Tag-Mart operations as well as the local customs in Japan.

Normativism

The belief that ethical behavioral standards are universal, and firms and individuals should seek to uphold them around the world.

Sid Maxwell is the head of legal affairs at Hudson Inc., an American toy manufacturer. Hudson's signature toy, the Witty Parakeet, includes an embedded software program that allows the bird to interact with children. Hudson is currently planning to expand its market in Asia but Sid is concerned about reports of software piracy in the region.Hudson uses a distinctive sign to enable its customers to easily identify its products. This distinctive sign that the company also uses to distinguish its offerings from that of its competitors is known as a ________. users' nlicense patent trademark copyright

Trademark

In the five-step framework for making ethical decisions, which of the following approaches to evaluating actions is being used by a manager who questions whether a proposed action embodies character strengths he/she values? A) Rights approach B) utilitarian approach C) virtue approach D) common good approach

Virtue Approach

Japanese Supercenter (Scenario)The Tag-Mart chain of discount superstores is nearing completion of its new supercenter in Tokyo. The Tokyo store is the first foreign store for the large U.S.-based company. Tag-Mart offers a large variety of products at virtually unbeatable prices. A group of Tag-Mart representatives has traveled to Tokyo to inspect the new store and hire a store manager. The top two contenders for the position are Hisako Aoki and Takematsu Sato. Aoki has 25 years of experience managing a local department store renowned for its customer service. Sato, born and raised in Japan, earned a college degree in the U.S. before working six years as a manager at a Texas Tag-Mart. Which of the following is most important for Tag-Mart's top management to determine while making a choice between Sato and Aoki as the new store manager? How many shoppers are expected at the Tokyo Tag-Mart grand opening sale? Would customers at the Tokyo Tag-Mart prefer strong customer service or a U.S.-style shopping experience? What is the average age and annual income of Tokyo Tag-Mart shoppers? How many locally owned stores will Tokyo Tag-Mart compete against?

Would customers at the Tokyo Tag-Mart prefer strong customer service or a U.S.-style shopping experience?

Polychronic

a flexible, nonlinear orientation to time, whereby the individual takes a long-term perspective and emphasizes human relationships

High power-distance countries are characterized by ________.

a relative indifference toward social inequalities

monochroinic

a rigid orientation to time, in which the individual focuses on schedules, punctuality and time as a resource

Acculturation is defined as the process of ________.

adjusting and adapting to a culture other than one's own

Firms with a strong social interest ________.

aim to optimize work conditions and diversity in hiring

Relativism

belief that ethical truths are not absolute but differ from group to group

Low-context cultures tend to ________.

conduct negotiations as efficiently as possible

What grants protections to the creators of art, music, books, software, movies, and TV shows?

copyright

The purpose of material productions in a society is to ________.

enable people to cope with their environments

As part of opening manufacturing units abroad, a U.S. apparel firm decided to send its apparel production coordinator Chris to Bangladesh. Chris is distressed that people don't come to meetings on time and finds it disrespectful when his team members stand too close to him. Chris may trigger a cross-cultural risk by a(n) ________.

ethnocentric orientation

Which of the following approaches to ethical standards for corporate governance reflects the view that the best action treats everyone equally and in a just manner? rights approach virtue approach utilitarian approach fairness approach

fairness approach

Which of the following approaches to ethical standards for corporate governance reflects the view that the best action treats everyone equally and in a just manner? virtue approach fairness approach utilitarian approach rights approach

fairness approach

Managers can achieve effective cross-cultural interaction by ________.

keeping an open mind and being inquisitive

In polychronic cultures, ________.

members are easily distracted and are inclined to do many tasks at once

When applying the five-step framework for making ethical decisions, managers should, at first, ________.

recognize the ethical problem

Which of the following acts makes it illegal for U.S. firms to offer bribes to foreign parties in order to secure or retain business? A) the Sherman Antitrust Act B) the U.S. Securities Exchange Act C) the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act D) the Robinson-Patman Act

the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

According to the virtue approach ________.

the best action emphasizes moral excellence and righteousness that provide for the full development of our humanity

Economic interests refer to a firm's economic impact on ________.

the localities where it does buisness

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

the notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit

Which of the following behaviors of a firm can be called unethical? A) manufacturing luxury consumer goods B) failing to meet shareholders' expectations with regard to annual profit C) tolerating sweatshop conditions D) setting up operations abroad

tolerating sweatshop conditions