Baroque Art Exam 2

"The Thirty Years' War was a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history, with more than 8 million casualties resulting from military battles as well as from the famine and disease caused by the conflict. The war lasted from 1618 to 1648, starting as a battle among the Catholic and Protestant states that formed the Holy Roman Empire." -from the history channel

Thirty Year's War (1618-1648)

-Travelled a lot; absorbed a lot, many patrons -Rubens was his teacher--worked in his workshop at 14 and by 19 had his own workshop --Still worked with Rubens even though he had his own workshop to run -1620: first trip to England: British aristocracy -Back to Antwerp then to Italy: travelled with Brits sometimes -Van Dyck worked as curator and buyer for a couple of British collectors -Van Dyck was enthralled with Titian --sketches, amassed a good number of his paintings as well -Loved Venetian art, not really antiquities

Van Dyck

-Idea that emotions are the most important part of a painting -Introduced by da Cortona at a lecture -opposed by Sacchi, who argued against da Cortona in favor of classicism: paintings should feature unity, simplicity and classicism ---sensory appeal

maniera magnifica (grand manner)

•named for the patron saint of painters •admitted many artists: sculptors, metalworkers, architects, embroiderers , printmakers •still an art school to this day •Pope Sixtus V founded by papal bull •always had a cardinal protector•founded in 1593 •document stipulates that images will honor God •and that it is unlawful to sell secular and especially sacred images in a window or in any other public place

Academy of St. Luke

-Moved to Rome in 1636--father friend of secretary of Barberini (Benicampi) -Support from this patron and he also provided consistent work for Sacchi workshop but never created his own workshop -Became President of painting academy in Rome in 1664 --implemented drawing sessions before posed models --Began organized talks--lecture series

Carlo Maratta

-Tridentine decrees -Newly canonized saint -Image by Lanfranco -Instructions of building and decorating churches -What do sacred buildings need to do --Powerful impact on architects -Follow wisely with particular nature of the site -What does the patron want/what is the use -Church should take a cruciform shape because can trace back to apostolic times --Counter reformation church

Charles Borromeo

-From family of painters and printmakers in Bologna -Father trained her and two sisters (unusual) -Owned multiple houses--successful -Contemporary writers admired her work -Career was cut short when she was murdered by her servant -Career was only ten years long -Many aristocratic women hung out at her workshops -Bologna had exceptional women rights: property, basic independence -Many female patrons

Elisabetta Siriani

-Can make multiple images -Sharp tool on metal plate and then bathe it in acid to make lines deeper/wider -Add ink and paper then roll thru a press -Labor intensive medium -Can get many proofs off of one etching --The earlier the proof, the better -Good for images for the popular market because can make many in one go. -Bologna had a robust printmaking market -Want for sacred images, book illustrations

Etching/printing

Two definitions: -Still-life, landscape, portraits, history are all types of painting subjects OR -Images of daily activities that match no biblical, historical or mythological text

Genre

-Netherlands eventually comes under Spanish rule (Philip II) -Philip II was very repressive against the protestant parts which eventually broke off and became the Dutch Republic -There was a strong iconoclastic attitude in the north which was inspired by Luther and other reformation figures -In 1566: riot to take a church down; riots against Spanish/Catholics -Who is buying art if not the church?

Northern Europe and Iconoclasm

-Name is synonymous with the Flemish Baroque -From Antwerp; converted to Catholicism -Extremely well-read and educated: operated on a high level and with important figures

Peter Paul Rubens