Baseball exam 1

national commission

Commission Recognizes • AL Territory in NYC • Reserve Clause, Player Contracts o Ban must agree to this • Dispersal of Money o Through the league not teams • Appoints Umpires o Not by teams- Through the league • New Teams/ cities o No fights o Orderly • World series o Not the 1904 when Cincy won't play minor league team (Boston of NL)

Walter Johnson

Senators (DC) 1907-27 Discovered in Idaho 416 wins

Babe Ruth

"Home Run King" in baseball, provided an idol for young people and a figurehead for America 1914-35 714 HR first 5 in hall of fame

Andy Cohen

"The Great Jewish Hope"/ "Tuscaloosa Terror". Jewish baseball player who was from Texas, went to school at Alabama. Fantastic ball player. 1926-1929

Grantland Rice

(November 1, 1880 - July 13, 1954) was an early 20th-century American sportswriter known for his elegant prose. His writing was published in newspapers around the country and broadcast on the radio. played baseball at vandy

Panama Canal

(TR) , The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal. monroe doctrine

Ag Spalding

.Albert Goodwill Spalding was an American pitcher, manager and executive in the early years of professional baseball, and the co-founder of A.G. Spalding sporting goods company. He was born and raised in Byron, Illinois. He played major league baseball between 1871 and 1878. world tour

David Fultz

1200 member players fraternity (1912-15) Salaries Rise (20-36K) for stars Gap between stars and scrubs Frat signs 700 by 1913 1200 by 1915 First agent Cobb= Baseballs first strike (1912) 1 day strike

National Association of Pro Baseball Players

1871- Led by harry wright 10 teams with a 10 dollar entry fees organization schedules organization, ownership?

Baltimore Orioles

1894-96 Nl Pennant champs played inside dirty baseball not great admission sales

William McKinley

1897-1901 President during the Spanish American War (launched us into foreign affairs). Went to war in the Philippines, defeats Spanish fleet and takes over Puerto Rico and Cuba territories and we become the leader of these latin american and caribbean territories. Also projected us into U.S Imperialism in that we were trying to expand so much to make American a strong force and ally.

Silver age of Baseball

1900-20 Sunday Sabbath/ morality Banning of Sunday baseball Christian sabbath • Led to some cities halting stadium building o Cooperation Good to cooperate through sports o Home for young men Take care of crazy kids If led by good players, managers, it could civilize them o Fans- 7 Million, 1908 o Behavior Finally take care of it o Monopoly Progressives finally confront

World Series

1903- Pirates Red Sox boycott in 1904 first radio broadcast 1919 black sox scandal new york dominance

Fenway Park

1912 oldest park in baseball

Grover Cleveland

22nd and 24th president, 1885-1889 Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes 1889

Theodore Roosevelt

26th pres didnt really like baseball first presdident to recieve gold lifetime pass

William taft

27th president 1909-1913 first president to throw pitch

Woodrow Wilson

28th president first pres to throw world series pitch

Warren harding

29th president of U.S. boys with babe ruth had him visit 7 times allowed teapot dome scandal

Napolean Lojoie

2nd baseman The frenchman played for Phil as left the NL for the al 1896-16

Kennesaw Mountain Landis

: Kenesaw Mountain Landis was an American jurist who served as a federal judge from 1905 to 1922 and as the first Commissioner of Baseball from 1920 until his death Banned players from black sox worst judge

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities communist hunt

Alexis de Tocqueville:

A French political thinker and historian who wrote Democracy in America after his travels to America. wrote on equality and individualism

Harry Pulliam

AL- NL Merger of 1903 Harry Pulliam and NL-AL merger 1903: National commission (of league presidents, not owners) Commission recognizes: AL territory in NYC, Reserve clause and player contracts, Dispersal of money, world series

Albert Fall

Albert Bacon Fall was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal accepted bribes for leases

National Agreement of 1891

All leagues agreed to respect each others player contract. -allowed for multiple organizations to co exist. adds some american teams

1934 Tour of Japan

All star tour of Japan Lou Gherig Babe Ruth brought the two countries together

Ty Cobb

All- time best career batting average Gambler, womanizer, beat his wife, rascist Georgia Peach (1905-28) 1912 beat up fan Detroit Tigers

Rockefeller

American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history owned all oil

John Montgomery Ward

An American Major league pitcher, shortstop, and second basemen from NY Giants, lawyer and the manager of the National League team. Also led the Brotherhood's union which advocated for players' rights and fought against the reserve clause that A.G Spalding established. Captained one of the teams on Spaldings world ) 1878-94

Cooperstown

Baseball Hall of Fame

La Soule

Baseballs dopelganger founded in norway

Sunday Blue Laws

Blue laws are laws designed to enforce religious standards. Many states prohibit selling alcoholic beverages for on- and off-premises sales in one form or another on Sundays at some restricted time. Can't play Baseball games on Sundays no baseball on Sundays until 1933

Reserve clause

Committed players to teams and reserved the rights for them to stay with the team until their contract was over. 1879-1875 blackballed them

Mills Commission

Committee that decided Abner Doubleday was the inventor of baseball 100% american 1907 abner graves letter

Shibe Park

Concrete stadium built in Phillie by Shibe and Mack - economic and social structure More fans classes of all people to attend 1909

Dolf Luque

Cuban Pitcher Boston Braves, Reds, Cubs 1914-35

Cy Young

Cy Young to AL's Boston,1890-1911, 511 career victories, Cy Young award American Major League Baseball pitcher. During his 22-season baseball career, he pitched for five different teams. Young established numerous pitching records, some of which have stood for a century.

Griffin stadium

DC stadium 1911-1965 lots of first pitches had a box for them

Elysian Fields

Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey is believed to be the site of the first organized baseball game, giving Hoboken a strong claim to be the birthplace of baseball. Opened in 1845

Henry Chadwick

English born journalist created lots of new terms father of stats loves owners/ manliness 1870s

Isoo Abe

Father of basbeall in japan 1901 formed team played at waseda college started tours in U.S

Ned hanlon

Father of modern baseball 1876-1914 managed over 5 teams inside baseball (dirty ball) hit and run play Baltimore chop

Lipman Pike

First jewish major leaguer 1958

James madison toy

First native american to play 1886

Players Fraternity

Fraternity's 17 Demands to NL/AL Limit on reserve Clause (10 yr/15 players free to go) Owner pay for uniforms and travel expenses Owners justify fines and suspensions 5 day severence pay Frat wins 11 of 17 demands, modifies 3 Fails on sharing film profits from world series 1912-1915

John McGraw

Hard-nosed former player for the Baltimore Orioles who took over as manager of the NY Giants in 1902 where he remained for 30 years. most ejections record

Hal Chase

Harold Homer Chase, nicknamed "Prince Hal", was a first baseman and manager in Major League Baseball, widely viewed as the best fielder at his position. Bribes pitchers to lose games

Ban Johnson

He created the Western American League in 1899 when the National League baseball owners refused to merge with his new teams - more than 100 of the National League's players joined his new league

Lefty o Doul

Helped bball in Japan named Tokyo Giants in 1935- very popular great BA

Laissez-faire

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. 1861

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence imperialism, expanison, new players

Yankee Stadium

In 1923 Yankee Stadium, "The House that Ruth Built," is constructed in the Bronx, New York.

Alexander Cartwright

Inventor of baseball; organized the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York in 1845.

Eerie Canal

Its construction began in 1817 and ended in 1825 providing a route through the Great Lakes, giving direct access to the West

Jim Creighton

James Creighton, Jr. was an American baseball player during the game's amateur era, and is considered by historians to be its first superstar. In 1860 and 1862 he played for one of the most dominant teams of the era, the Excelsior of Brooklyn.

Arnold Rothstein

Jewish mobster involved in fixing the 1919 World Series changed sports forever

New Women

Ladies days suffragettes 19th amendment used ball games as social mechanisms 1920

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites early 19th century- 1965

Gentlemans clubs

Led by alexander Cartwright new york knickerbockers 1845- one of the first teams

Passing

McGraw used this concept while down at spring training to get players from Latin American countries and territories to play in the U.S. Basically if you could pass yourself off as white or not black if you were light skinned enough. This process was thoroughly investigated and many players were sent back to their home countries.

Billie Sunday

NL player and evangelist- loved prohibition really fast one of the fastest in game

Andrew Freedman

Ny Monopolist bought giants moved them to NY 1895-1902 terrible ego NY needs possible

Charles Comiskey

Owner of the Chicago White Sox who was reported to have been extremely stingy with his players. This was one of the reasons given for eight of his players to throw the 1919 World Series for money. built Comiskey park

Mo Berg

Part of 1934 all star tour in Japan "brainiest guy in baseball" Later became a spy

Teapot Dome Scandal

The "Teapot Dome Scandal" was a bribery scandal involving the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding from 1921-1923. Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming, and two locations in California, to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding

Brotherhood war

The Brotherhood began in 1885 as a benevolent association concerned with helping players in trouble and improving relations between management and players. When club owners tried, in 1888, to impose a stiff set of salary limits upon the players, the Brotherhood provided a base for player resistance.

Cuban Giants

The Cuban Giants were the first African-American professional baseball club. The team was originally formed in 1885 at the Argyle Hotel, a summer resort in Babylon, New York.

National association of baseball players

The National Association of Base Ball Players(NABBP) was the first organization governing American baseball. The first convention of sixteen New York City area clubs in 1857 practically terminated the Knickerbocker era, when that club privately deliberated on the rules of the game. spectators began paying

Mergers

The joining together of two or more or organizations to form one larger one.

Gospel of Wealth

This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy. 1889

Assimilation

This was a time where many Jews, especially in the lower east side of NY, were living in the city. They didn't believe in sports and many of their parents and family were strictly in favor of getting an education and creating a good work ethic. There were very few Jews playing the sport and during this time were still people who were anti-semitic. Many people who wanted to play had similar or the same last names (Cohen), so they had their names changed to basic non-jewish common last names in order to not receive criticism and ridicule

National League

WHO: organization of clubs WHAT: $100 entry fee WHERE: in cities with population of more than 75,000 SIGNIFICANCE: all player contracts were written and adhered to by players. Morals- no Sunday games, no alcohol, no gambling (British bookmaking 1877), no players fraternization with fans, unruly fans ejected

Wee Willie Keeler

Was a great bunter was 5'4 140 lbs "hit em where they aint"

Business Monopoly

When a company has total control over an industry

Mike "King" Kelly

White Sox 1873-93 Irish-Catholic great, sliding, tricks, always drunk on the field Known for his base running, chant "slide Kelly slide" Played every position in his career but pitcher He invented first base interfering (getting in their base path, etc.)

Spalding World Tour

White Stockings tour 1889-1890 U.S. Europe. Hawaii- Egypt- Australia

1896 election

William Jennings Bryan lost to McKinley w/ the "silver issue" dominating the campaign; McKinley won, the Populists disappeared, the GOP became the party who represented the interests of the corporations and the wealthy, and a realignment occurred

Kid Gleason

William Jethro "Kid" Gleason was an American Major League Baseball player and manager. Gleason managed the Chicago White Sox from 1919 through 1923. managed white sox during scandal

Estaban Bellan

a Cuban-American professional baseball player who played as a third baseman for six seasons in the United States, three in the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) from 1868 to 1870, and three in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NAPBBP) from 1871 to 1873. He is credited as the first Latin American born individual to play professional baseball in the USA.

Federal League

american professional baseball league that played its first season in 1913 and operated as a "third major league", in competition with the established National and American Leagues, from 1914 to 1915. The Federal League came together in early 1913 through the work of John T. Powers, and immediately challenged the operations of organized baseball. Playing in what detractors called the "outlaw" league allowed players to avoid the restrictions of the organized leagues' reserve clause. The competition of another, better paying league caused players' salaries to skyrocket, demonstrating the bargaining potential of free agency for the first time.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

an American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. monopolized new york harbor 1860s

Ebbets Field

brooklyn dodgers stadium 1913-1957 small housed 3 teams in 20s

Abner Doubleday

career United States Army officer and Union 2-star general in the American Civil War. what - later turned out to be demented and died in an asylum cooperstown, NY is where the myth is said to have been started He fired the first shot in defense of Fort Sumter, the opening battle of the war, and had a pivotal role in the early fighting at the Battle of Gettysburg.

mordecai three fingers brown

cubs players 3 fingers elite pitcher who used his three fingers to throw curveball- hall of fame 1903-16

Fleet Walker

first know black player in major leagues played for mud hens blue stockings 1884

New York Knickerbockers

first professional baseball team 1845 alexander cartwright 1851 first unis

Cincinnati Red Stockings

first salaried baseball team 1869 showed bball can be a business

Brooklyn Excelsiors

formed in 1854 won 1860 champ originated brooklyn style cap

Golden Spike

given annually to the best amateur baseball player in the United States. The award, created by USA Baseball and sponsored by the Major League Baseball Players Association, was first presented in 1978.

connie mack

longest serving manager in history Phil A's won world series 1894-1896

inside baseball

new style of play single walks bunts no power hitting Orioles

Christy Mathewson

o 1901-18 o Well behaved- college educated o 3 shutouts- 1905 world series o WW1 vet- died due to gas training

Forbes Field

one of first stadiums in Pittsburgh to be made out of steel

Martin Dihigo

one of the best ever Martin "El Immortal" Dihago 1923- 50 • Black player/ played all positions • Best player in history? • Backed castro

Pete Rose

passes Ty Cobb on the all-time hits list with number 4,192; he will eventually be banned from baseball in 1989 for gambling making him ineligible for the Hall of Fame gambled on games playing for reds

Magnates

people of great influence, importance, or power Rockefeller carnegie spalding

Grover cleveland alexander

phillies hall of fame baseball player 90 shutouts 373 wins NL record 1911-20

Honus Wagner

played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1897 to 1917, almost entirely for the Pittsburgh Pirates. Wagner won eight batting titles, tied for the most in National League history with Tony Gwynn. He also led the league in slugging six times, and in stolen bases five times. Wagner was nicknamed "The Flying Dutchman" due to his superb speed and German heritage left NL one of the best ever

Horace Wilson

professor helped bring baseball to Japan 1872 . bats gloves to school level

Barnstorming

semi pros touring country or world o Reach all Americans 1908, Herb Hunters all-stars, 1920, Negro Leaguers 1927 o 1913- McGraw idea more Asian tour Goes to japan/ China

John Brush

successful retail magnate who owned the New York Giants from 1903 until his death in 1912. Giants became the most valuable franchise in professional sports during his tenure, & the most influential magnate in the National League's executive sessions, Brush was not well-liked by players or the press.

Jack Norworth

take me out to the ballgame for his wife in 1908

Brotherhood of Professional BaseBall Players

the Brotherhood of Professional Baseball Players represented the first serious effort to organize a labor union consisting of baseball players. It was launched in 1885 through the efforts of star player John Montgomery Ward, who was also a lawyer, with the aim of raising player salaries in recognition of the growing popularity of professional baseball and the growth in revenues generated by the game. It also aimed to combat the reserve clause which restricted player movement and helped to keep salaries down. The organization gained official recognition when National League owners first met with the Brotherhood's representatives on November 17, 1887. However, relations between the two soon became difficult as owners were unwilling to make significant concessions.

vertical mobility

the movement of an individual from one social position to another of a different rank- baseball became a game of status

Progressivism

the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society

Pullman Strike

violent 1894 railway workers' strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide needed army

William Hulbert

was one of the founders of the National League, recognized as baseball's first major league, and was also the president of the Chicago White Stockings franchise. Thought the National Association would kick him out for stealing all of the good players so he created his own league- 1876

Cap Anson

who - (1871-97), played for the Chicago White Stockings, was a leader and an innovator in outfielder positions, the concept of spring training, base coaches and pitcher rotations. what - Had 3000 hits and .334 batting average. Was very racist but was respected by other members of the team, especially during the world baseball tour (orchestrated by Spalding) Superstar