Basic questions - Exam 3
What does the hypothalamus produce? a) ADH, oxytocin and regulatory hormones b) Renin, ADH, erythropoietin c) Oxytocin, estrogens, ADH, androgens, leptin d) Luteinizing hormone, Oxytocin, calcitonin
A) ADH, oxytocin and regulatory hormones
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Which 3 nerves are entirely sensory nerves? A) I (olfactory), II (optic), VIII (acoustic) B) III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), V (trigeminal) C) I (olfactory), VIII (acoustic), IV (trochlear) D) VIII (acoustic), X (vagus), XII (hypoglossal)
A) I (olfactory), II (optic), VIII (acoustic)
Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by the deficiency of which hormone? A. ADH (vasopressin) B. Glucagon C. Progesterone D. Oxytocin
A. ADH (vasopressin)
A nurse would expect to find which clinical manifestations in a patient with Diabetes Insipidus. Select all that apply A. Daily output greater than 250mL per hour B. Excessive thirst (2-20 L per day) C. Excessive hunger D. Urine Specific Gravity of 1.001 to 1.005
A. Daily output greater than 250mL per hour B. Excessive thirst (2-20 L per day) D. Urine Specific Gravity of 1.001 to 1.005
When the body is invaded or attacked by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens, what are the means of defense? Select all that apply A. The phagocytic immune response B. The humoral or antibody immune response C. The stem cell response D. The cellular immune response
A. The phagocytic immune response B. The humoral or antibody immune response D. The cellular immune response
Administration of basal insulin to patients who are NPO is an important nursing action in patients with: A. Type I Diabetes B. Type II Diabetes C. Gestational Diabetes D. Pre-Diabetes
A. Type I Diabetes
A client with diabetes is taking insulin lispro injections. The nurse should advise the client to eat: A. Within 10 to 15 minutes after the injection. B. 1 hour after the injection. C. At any time, because timing of meals with lispro injections is unnecessary. D. 2 hours before the injection
A. Within 10 to 15 minutes after the injection.
You are caring for a 63 year-old patient with type I diabetes mellitus. The doctor has just been in to assess the patient and has diagnosed her with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following clinical features would you expect to see when assessing your patient? (Select all that apply) A. Hyperglycemia B. Hyponatremia C. Dehydration D. Acidosis E. Confusion
A. hyperglycemia, C. Dehydration, and D. acidosis
In patients diagnosed with DM, 90-95% are which type? A. type 2 B. gestational C. adolescent D. type 1
A. type 2
What is NOT a risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus? a) Family history b) Decreased blood pressure c) Obesity d) Smoking
B) Decreased blood pressure
Meningitis includes all of the following clinical manifestations except: A) Headache and fever B) Negative Brudzinski's sign C) Photophobia D) Neck immobility
B) Negative Brudzinski's sign
You are caring for a patient who is undergoing testing for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following fasting blood glucose results would be indicative of DM? A. 100 B. 135 C. 96 D. 124
B-135. Anything above 126 fasting BS is diabetic level.
A nurse treating a patient diagnosed with Aldosteronism or Conn's syndrome educates the patient on his corticosteroid medication. Which of the following statements shows that the patient understands how to use corticosteroids? A. "It is best if I take my medicine at night before bed." B. "I need to taper off my medication so my kidneys don't get damaged." C. "I should take the highest dose possible." D. "It will not be harmful to take this type of medication for long duration of time."
B. "I need to taper off my medication so my kidneys don't get damaged."
A woman comes into a health clinic with her elderly mother with dementia, and states to the nurse: "Why is my mom always getting sick? Apart from her dementia diagnosis she was always healthy, and we make sure to get her all her recommended vaccines!" What is the best response by the nurse? A. "The vaccines should be effective but her dementia puts her at an increases risk for infections." B. "Vaccines do not always work as well in older adults, and her immune system is able to handle less due to many factors now that she is older." C. "A lot of body system functions decrease with aging. So it's no surprise your mom is getting sick more frequently." D. "Let's not focus on her vaccines and instead make sure your mom does not have any other risk factors for illness!"
B. "Vaccines do not always work as well in older adults, and her immune system is able to handle less due to many factors now that she is older."
The nurse should monitor the client with Cushing's disease for which of the following? A. Hypoglycemia B. Hypokalemia C. Hyponatremia D. Decreased urine calcium level.
B. Hypokalemia
A nurse is assessing a patient's reflexes and documents a positive Babinski reflex when: A. The patient's toes contract and draw together B. The patient's toes fan out and draw back C. The patient's foot plantar flexes D. The patient's foot has no response
B. The patient's toes fan out and draw back
The standard diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus is made when two separate blood tests shows that the fasting plasma glucose level is greater than or equal to: A.185 mg/dl B.126 mg/dl C. 80 mg/dl D. 95 mg/dl
B.126 mg/dl
1. A patient presents to the emergency room with expressive aphasia following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The nurse would recognize that the part of the brain involved in this aphasia is..... A) Temporal Lobe B) Parietal and Occipital Area C) Inferior posterior frontal areas D) Posterior frontal area
C Inferior posterior frontal areas
2. The most common predisposing conditions for brain abscesses among adults who are immunocompetent are... (select all that apply) A) Headache B) Seizure disorder C) Otitis media D) Rhinosinusitis
C Otitis media D Rhinosinusitis
A nurse is teaching a class about autoimmune nervous system disorders. The nurse knows that the teaching was effective when the student nurse states that the pathophysiology of Multiple sclerosis is which of the following: A) "A chemical impulse precipitates the release of acetylcholine attaching to the receptor sites and stimulating muscle contraction." B) "Antibodies directed at the acetylcholine receptor sites impair the transmission of impulses." C) "Sensitized T cells remain in the CNS causing the passing of other agents that damage the immune system leading to inflammation that result in demyelination." D) "The function of sensitized T and B lymphocytes crossing the blood-brain barrier is to check the CNS for antigens and then leave."
C) "Sensitized T cells remain in the CNS causing the passing of other agents that damage the immune system leading to inflammation that result in demyelination.
A patient admitted to your unit has been diagnosed with meningitis. The patient is suffering from photophobia. What does this mean? A) Neck Flexion B) Skin Lesions C) Extreme Sensitivity to Light D) Back Pain
C) Extreme Sensitivity to Light
Complications of diabetes that contribute to the increased risk of foot problems and infection include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Neuropathy B) Peripheral Vascular Disease C) Hypertension D) Immunocompromise
C) Hypertension
Which statement about diabetes mellitus is false? A) Type 2 diabetes commonly occurs in adults after age 40. B) Type 1 diabetes usually occurs before age 30. C) Type 1 diabetes is treated with meal planning, exercise, and antidiabetic drugs. D) An increasing number of adolescents are being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
C) Type 1 diabetes is treated with meal planning, exercise, and antidiabetic drugs
A client newly diagnosis with Multiple Sclerosis is concerned about how much she will have to modify her current activities of daily living and exercise routines. What is the best instruction concerning these topics the Nurse can give to the client? A. "Exercise frequently and at a higher intensity every day." B. "Try to do a few activities and exercise throughout the day." C. "Do what you can until weary and take multiple rest breaks." D. "MS does not affect your ability to do exercise or other activities."
C. "Do what you can until weary and take multiple rest breaks."
The brain is divided into three major areas: A. Cerebrum, hypothalamus, brain stem B. Cerebellum, midbrain, medulla C. Cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum D. Cerebellum, cerebrum, midbrain
C. Cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum
A patient presents to the ER with flaccid paralysis, rash, and Parkinson-like movements. Upon obtaining the patient's history, you are made aware that the patient was recently out of the country and could have possibly been exposed to West Nile Virus. Which of the following diagnoses would apply to this patient? A. Meningitis B. Influenza C. Encephalitis D. Myasthenia gravis
C. Encephalitis
A 45 year old woman presents to the Emergency Room with increased heart rate, flushed skin, and localized edema. She states she has been losing weight and has been feeling nervous, irritable, and apprehensive lately. When the nurse assesses the patient more closely she notices that the patient is also experiencing possible exophthalmos. Which of the following syndromes does the nurse think this patient is experiencing? A. Hyperparathyroidism B. Myxedema C. Hyperthyroidism D. Pheochromocytoma
C. Hyperthyroidism
This hormone-like substance is known to control processes such as inflammation, blood flow, blood clotting and the induction of labor: A. Oxytocin B. Prolactin C. Prostaglandins D. Corticotropin
C. Prostaglandins
In what stage of the immune response system are cytotoxic T cells and the B lymphocytes perform cellular and humoral functions? A. Stage I B. Stage II C. Stage III D. Stage IV
C. Stage III
In which of the following areas of the body do stem cells become mature T lymphocytes? A. Lymph Node B. Bone Marrow C. Thymus D. Thyroid
C. Thymus
The doctor orders lispro (Humalog) to a 53-year-old patient with type two diabetes mellitus. What type of insulin is lispro (Humalog)? A: short acting B: Long acting C: rapid acting D: intermediate acting
C: rapid acting
A nurse is taking a health history of a patient. Which of the following symptoms are considered the main signs of type I diabetes and are most indicative of type I diabetes and would require a follow-up examination? A. Poor circulation, leg ulcers, poor wound healing B. Rapid weight gain, difficulty loosing weight, excessive intake of calories C. Weight gain, lack of energy, depression, fatigue D. Increased thirst, increased urination, increased hunger and intake of fluids
D. Increased thirst, increased urination, increased hunger and intake of fluids
A mother passes antibodies to her infant through breastmilk. What time of immunity is this? A. Active Specific Immunity B. Active Acquired Immunity C. Natural Immunity D. Passive Acquired Immunity
D. Passive Acquired Immunity
What cranial nerve is affected in the disorder known as Bell's palsy? A. V B. II C. X D. VII
D. VII (cranial nerve 7)
An adrenal crisis is characterized by all of these signs & symptoms except: A. weakness and fatigue B. nausea and vomiting C. hypotension D. sodium and fluid retention
D. sodium and fluid retention
An 80-year-old female with severe rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed a corticosteroid. What should the nurse assess the patient for? A: hypoglycemia B: Rhinorrhea C: N/V D: hyperglycemia
D: hyperglycemia
A patient comes in and has to use insulin to control their blood glucose levels, along with calories, what should you instruct the patient to maintain consistency in the amount of ingestion with each meal? a. carbohydrates b. fiber c. protein d. fats
a. carbohydrates
Arterial blood supply to the anterior brain originates from where? a. common carotid arteries b. anterior carotid arteries c. exterior carotid artery d. middle cerebral artery
a. common carotid arteries
Kussmaul respiration is often seen in patients having DKA. Which of the following is the result of Kussmaul respiration? a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiration acidosis d. hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)
a. metabolic acidosis
A client who has type 2 diabetes and is controlled by insulin acknowledged to his physician that he consumes large amounts of alcohol. What is this client's most major concern? a. Hyperglycemia b. Hypoglycemia c. DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis) d. Weight gain
b. Hypoglycemia
With cushing syndrome is generally caused by tumors in what gland? a. adrenal b. pituitary c. thyroid d. hypothalamus
b. pituitary
When a person suffers from hyperthyroidism they have a high increase of metabolism. With hyperthyroidism a person usually has a enlarged thyroid gland this is called what: a. thyroid cancer b.euthryoid c.goiter d.thyrotropin
c.goiter
A patient presents with the chief complaints of hair loss, brittle nails, extreme fatigue, and numbness and tingling of the fingers. The doctor ordered a TSH, T4, and T3 to be evaluated. The TSH is 3.24mlU/L (normal is 0.3 - 3.04) , T4 is 4.7(normal is 4.5 - 12.5 ug/dL,) and T3 is 0.9 (normal is 0.8 - 2.0 ng/mL. This patient's diagnosis is? a. Cushing's Disease b. Hyperthyroidism c. Grave's disease d. Hypothyroidism
d. Hypothyroidism
As a result of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the ovulation in the ovaries, which hormone helps women maintaining pregnancies? a. prolactin b. estrogen c. oxytocin d. progesterone
d. progesterone
