Behavior Theory

Cognitive-personal factors:

Our beliefs, expectations, values, intentions, social roles, as well as our emotional makeup and biological and genetic influences

Skinner believed our habis are?

Skinner believed that our habits develope in result of our unique operante learning experinces.

What must be valued in order for the desired behavior to occur?

Success depends on each student's stimulus and response, and on associations made by each learner.

Rat receives a food pellet everytime presses a bar--will do it again and again. What is the food-pellet called?

The food-pellet is called a reinforcer.

What do learning theories focus on?

Learning theories focus on concrete actions that can be tested and measured.

Remember

Operant Conditioning along with Classical Conditioning was the major analysis point in the 20th century, and these two sorts of learning still dominate the core of behavior analysis today.

Operant Conditioning is the rewarding of...?

Operant Conditioning is the rewarding of part of a desired behavior or a random act that approches it.

Behaviors:

Our personal actions

Environmental Factors:

Our social, politice, and cultural influences and our personal learning experience.

According to Skinner, both animals would repeat what lead to favorable _______________, and suppressed those that produced ________________acts.

Outcomes, unfavorable

Understand how Pavlov conducted classical conditioning.

Pavlov started conditioning by giving a reward with good behavior. Bell + Food= make an association that with the bell there is food.

BOBO

This was an experiment done by Banduras and he observed and proved that our behaviors are learned. Woman punching bobo and boy sees her then gets his toys taken away he too fights bobo

How would a behaviorist help someone with a phobia:

A behaviorist would help someone with a phobia by slowly introducing the subject that the patient fears and slowly help the patient accept the real phobia in real life.

How would a behaviorist help someone with Obsesive-compulsive dissorder

A behaviorist would help someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder by addressing what the patient fears first and then with behavior therapy, slowly expose the patient to their fear until it is overcome.

What is the key element in order to get a desired response?

A key element to this theory of learning is the rewarded response. The desired response must be rewarded in order for learning to take place.

Positive Punishment

Add an unpleasent consequence to decrease begavior

Positive Reinforcement

Adding a desired consequence to increase behavior

What can replace an old behavior?

All behaviors can be unlearned and replaced by new ones. Unacceptable behavior can be replaced by acceptable ones.

What drives an individual from selecting one response instead of another

An individual selects one response instead of another because of prior conditioning and psychological drives existing at the point of the action.

What other ways does Bandura and Walters argue how personality is acquired?

Bandura and Walters argue that personality is acquired not only by direct reinforcement of behavior but also by observational learning, or limitation.

What directs behavior?

Behavior is directed by stimuli.

What is behaviorism primarily concerned with?

Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable and measurable aspects of human behavior.

What does the behaviorist believe the above behaviors are rooted in? In other words what must they overcome?

Behaviorist believe that behaviors are rooted in some kind of fear, and they are to be overcome by slowly confronting their fear until it stops being a fear.

What do behaviorists believe regarding how people acquire different personalities?

Behaviorist believe that people acquire different personalities through different learning experiences they may have had.

What do behaviorists look to in regards to explaining what reinforces behavior?

Behaviorist look to the environment to see what is reinforcing people's behavior and how their environment is affecting how they learn and how they act in terms of expressing themselves.

What does behaviorist theory not study?

Behaviorist theory does not explain abnormal behavior in terms of the brain or its inner workings.

What do critics say about learning theories that is disadvantageous?

Critics say that learning theories do not explain personality, nor do they give enough attention to the influence of genetic factors, emotions, and childhood experiences.

What is Skinner's premise?

Expanding on Watson's basic stimulus-response model, Skinner developed a more comprehensice view of conditioning, known as operant conditioning.

In Bandura's view, people direct their own behavior by their _________________of models.

Exposure to their everyday models

In education, advocates of behaviorism ________________desired behaviors and ______________inappropriate ones.

Have adopted the system of rewards and punishments in their classroom where they reward the, punish the inappropriate ones.

If a person joins a baseball team, what part of Bandura's theory is being explored?

If a person joins a baseball team the part of Bandura's theory is being explored is behaviors.

_______________and __________________are the two principal originators of behaviorist approaches to learning.

John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner

What does John Watson believe is the proper subject matter of psychology?Explain

John Watson believed that the proper subject matter of psychology was the observable behavior and not the subject unconscious. In other words Watson's view on psychology is opposite to that of Freud who believed in the unconscious.

How do behavior learning theorists define behavior?

Learning behavior theorists define behavior by focusing on changes in behavior that result from stimulus-response associations made by the learner.

Who are considered the most effective models and why?

Models that are the most effective are those who are the most similar to and most admired by the observer. They are more likely to learn new behaviors from friends of our choosing than from friends our parents choose.

Define Bandura's term of self efficacy. What is it and how does it work?

Our ability to succeed . We are able to make decisions for ourselves, and this causes either succeed or failures. Our past behaviors then help us on the long-term past successes and failures. This then helps us develop an expectancy of successes.

What does psychoanalysis focus on?

Psychoanalysts focus on the influence of childhood experiences, irrational thoughts, and unconscious forces.

Rat receives a food pellet everytime presses a bar--will do it again and again.What are consequences called that suppress a response and decrease the likelihood it will appear again?

Punishers are the consequences called that suppress a response and decreases the likelihood it will appear again.

Define reciprocal determinism- What 3 factors make up reciprocal determinism?

Reciprocal determinism is what occurs among the observing individual behavior of that individual, and the environment in which the behavior occurs. The three factors that make up reciprocal determinism is cognitive personal factors, behaviors, and environmental factors.

What is beside the point concerning Ruben and his behaviors?

Skinner would focus on how Ruben was actually acting and then go more into depth on how he was as a person than just comply with the word or label "depressed".

What would Skinner reject as a diagnosis and instead focus on ____________?

Skinner would reject the label depressed as a diagnostic and instead focused on how the person actually behaves.

What exactly is Skinner's focus in understanding human behavior?

Skinner's focus in understanding human behavior was how aspects of one's personality are learned instead of trying to control and predict behavior.

-Why has the success of behaviorists so limited? Explain this using the terms COMPLEX and REINFORCER.

Success of behaviorists are so limited due to the fact that reinforcers are very complex or complicated. Behavior is thought to be learned and to change someone's behavior you have to change the reinforcer or how the person learns a certain thing.

Negative Punishment

Take away a pleasant consequence to decrease behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Take away an unpleasant consequence to increase behavior

Rat receives a food pellet everytime presses a bar--will do it again and again.What is the bar pressing response called?

The bar pressing response is the operant.

What does behaviorist theory believe behavior itself is?

The behaviorist theory believes that behavior is learned habits, and attempts to account for how theses habits are formed.

Under which category in Bandura's theory does a person take part in going to school?

The category in Bandura's theory that the person takes part in going to school is the environmental factors.

According to Skinner what should be the focus with Ruben and his behavior?

The focus with Ruben and his behavior would be the actual reason Ruben is behaving the way he is. Skinner's method would have a hypothesis faster than Freud.

What are the only behaviors worthy of study?

The only behaviors that are worthy if study are those that can be directly observed, so actions, rather than thoughts or emotions.

What does Watson believe?

Watson believed that human behavior resulted from specific stimuli that elicited certain responses.

What is Watson's basic premise?

Watson's basic premise was that conclusions about human development should be based on observation of overt behavior rather than speculation about subconscious motives or latent cognitive processes.

Behaviors are

learned and unlearned

Operant Conditioning

learning by consequences